Figure 2 - uploaded by Miao Sun
Content may be subject to copyright.
A, Holotype of Elaeagnus pingnanensis C. Y. Chang (C. Wang 40325, IBSC). B, Holotype of Elaeagnus obovatifolia D. Fang (D. Fang & Z. G. Wang 78477, GMXI). C, Holotype of Elaeagnus obovatifolia F. Du, nom. invalid, (Z. H. Hu 78250, YUKU). D, Holotype of Elaeagnus geniculata D. Fang (J. J. Wang 5449, GXMI).
Source publication
A revision of Elaeagnus L. for mainland China is provided based on field observations and herbarium studies. Forty-two morphological characters are selected and coded, then the matrix is prepared following cluster analysis. Morphological characters and species delimitation are re-evaluated resulting in the recognition of 36 species, one subspecies...
Similar publications
Although the order Polycladida has been known from the Mediterranean basin since the XVIII century, many species have been described insufficiently and in some cases have been erroneously identified. A revision of the taxon Polycladida has been undertaken with the aim to contribute to the knowledge of Mediterranean polyclads. This first contributio...
A taxonomic revision of the liverwort family Aneuraceae in eastern Africa is presented based on the results of an integrative approach. Molecular and morphological data lead to the recognition of fourteen species in eastern Africa, in three genera: eleven species in Riccardia Gray, two in Aneura Dumort. and one in Afroriccardia Reeb & Gradst. One f...
The genus Necaxacris Roberts, 1939 (Acrididae: Melanoplinae) is endemic to Mexico. Two species were previously known for this genus: N. micans (Hebard, 1932) and a species collected by Roberts in 1936, mentioned in litteris by Descamps (1975) as N. moctezumae Roberts, 1975, but never formally described. We here describe and assign the name of N. ta...
Our integrated evidence indicates morphological and genetic polymorphisms in Allium cyathophorum and thus the need for a taxonomic revision. First, A. cyathophorum var. farreri is reinstated as A. farreri. Second, a cryptic allotetraploid population geographically confined to the intermediate zone between A. cyathophorum and A. farreri is described...
The mainly Southeast Asian genus Pseudodissochaeta (Melastomataceae, Dissochaeteae) is revised based on a study of herbarium collections. The relationships of Pseudodissochaeta to Dissochaeta and Medinilla are discussed and some important characters distinguishing it from its relatives, including habit, leaf base and margin and floral characters, a...
Citations
... It is widely distributed in arid and semi-arid areas [11]. This species is commonly known as "Russian olives" or "oleaster" [12] and is native to southern Europe, Central Asia, and the Western Himalayas [13]. During the early 20th century, it was introduced from Eurasia to Canada, the United States, the Mediterranean coast, Southern Russia, Iran, and India [14]. ...
Leaves are essential for plants, enabling photosynthesis and transpiration. In arid regions, water availability limits plant growth. Some plants, like Elaeagnus angustifolia, a sandy sub-tree species widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions, have unique leaf structures to reduce water loss and solar radiation. Here, we describe the leaves of Elaeagnus angustifolia L., with special functioning trichomes. Through leaf submicroscopic structure observation, in situ water collection experiments, photosynthesis measurements, and reflection spectrum analysis, we investigated E. angustifolia leaves, focusing on their functioning trichomes. These trichomes capture water vapor, reflect UV and NIR light, and possess a 3D interface structure composed of 1D and 2D structures. The 1D conical structure captures water droplets, which are then gathered by the radial conical structure and guided towards the stomata through wedge-shaped grooves on the 2D umbrella structure. The trichomes also reflect sunlight, with micropapillae reflecting UV light and the umbrella structure reflecting NIR light. These mechanisms reduce leaf temperature, respiration, and water transpiration, protecting against solar radiation damage. This study provides insights into water collection and light-reflection mechanisms, revealing adaptive strategies of plants with large leaves in arid regions.
... includes almost 90 species distributed in Asia, southern Europe, North America, and South-Eastern Australia (Qin and Gilbert, 2007). The greatest species diversity, including 55 endemic species, is concentrated in China (Qin and Gilbert, 2007;Sun and Lin, 2010). Plants of many species (for example E. angustifolia L., E. commutata Bernh., E. pungens Thunb., E. umbellata Thunb.) have economic value and are used as a fruit, medicinal (in traditional medicine), honey-bearing or decorative (Qin and Gilbert, 2007;Lachowicz et al., 2020;Nazir et al., 2020;Bieniek et al., 2022;Yang et al., 2022) plants. ...
... r. m. They can grow on poor soils, due to symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms living in root nodules (Qin and Gilbert, 2007;Sun and Lin, 2010), resistant to drought and frost. They bear fruit regularly and abundantly. ...
... Many species of the Elaeagnus genus are characterized by racemes or umbel-like inflorescences (Sun and Lin, 2010). In E. multiflora, flower buds develop one or two at a time (occasionally) in the axils of the lower leaves of the replacement shoots. ...
Phenology is a key trait of plants of all species, as it determines their season and duration of growth and reproduction, as well as their ability to capture variable resources. Understanding the phenology of Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb. a rare but promising fruit and medicinal plant of Ukraine, namely the codification of the stages of seasonal development, according to the international BBCH scale, is important for the evaluation of breeding material and the development of new varieties, improving the technological qualities of fruits. In the climatic conditions of Ukraine (M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv), the studied genotypes of E. multiflora go through a full cycle of development. Plants begin the growing season with the development of leaves and shoots. According to the international BBCH scale, they clearly distinguish eight of the ten main stages of seasonal development, in particular: the development of buds (Principal growth stage 0), leaves (Principal growth stage 1), shoots (Principal growth stage 3), inflorescence emergence (Principal growth stage 5), flowering (Principal growth stage 6), fruit development (Principal growth stage 7), fruit ripening (Principal growth stage 8) and senescence and the onset of dormancy (Principal growth stage 9). The proposed BBCH scale for characterizing the phenological stages of E. multiflora plants can be used to guide the growers as to when to carry out orchard management practices such as canopy training and pruning, nutrient and water application, pest and disease control and post-harvest processing. Correct identification of phenological stages is of great importance for the characterization and management of E. multiflora. Thus, this study will ensure the dissemination of knowledge about E. multiflora cultivars among
growers and researchers.
... Elaeagnus L., a genus of the Elaeagnaceae, with about 100 recognized wild species, is cultivated as an ornamental or a fruit crop for its dense shrub-like structure, fragrant flowers, and lycopene-rich ripe fruits (Sun and Lin, 2010;Alexandrov and Karlov, 2021). The genus Elaeagnus is native to temperate and subtropical regions of Asia, Australia, southern Europe, and North America (Ye et al., 2012). ...
... E. conferta has an absolute advantage in fruit size, but distribution is limited in China's low latitude subtropical regions, such as Yunnan and Guangxi Provinces. Except for the populations of E. conferta, nearly 55 species of this genus are also widely distributed in China, spread from the Hexi Corridor to the Yangtze River Basin to mountain areas of southern China (Sun and Lin, 2010). Self-incompatibility is a common feature of Elaeagnus plants, which offers the possibility of creating new cultivars through interspecific hybridization. ...
Elaeagnus L. is found in wild or grown as ornamental plants and is increasingly regarded as underutilized berry shrubs by breeders. This genus has cosmopolitan distribution with various species widely distributed in China, Europe, the United States, and Canada. Interspecific hybrids, which have been reported several times, have attracted intense interest from plant breeders attempting to develop a fruit crop of Elaeagnus. Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) is a powerful statistical modeling tool that provides insights into separations between experimental groups. In this study, the molecular phylogeny of Elaeagnus species was first discussed using the ITS and matK sequences for guiding the construction of a genetic basis pool. A morphological OPLS-DA clustering model based on the genetic divergence was also constructed for the first time, which effectively realized the morphological grouping of Chinese Elaeagnus species. The results showed that a total of 10 wild species widely distributed in China have the potential to develop fruit crops. Particularly, Elaeagnus conferta has the potential to provide a founder species with a large fruit size, while Elaeagnus Gonyanthes has the potential to provide important genetic resources with long pedicel. Elaeagnus lanceolata and Elaeagnus delavayi could be used to domesticate hybrids without spines, and the other five climbing shrubs could be used to develop high-yield crown-type commercial cultivars for automated field management. The top five contributing morphological traits affecting the current clustering model were V9 (flower color), V1 (flowering), V5 (evergreen or deciduous), V3 (leaf size), and V2 (fruiting). Furthermore, the grouping analysis indicated that the V9 was the most important factor affecting morphological clustering. Thereafter, the temporally calibrated phylogeny inferred from the matK sequence was used to reconstruct the origin and evolution of the genus Elaeagnus, and the results inferred an interesting geographic distribution pattern and potential cross-species interactions of Elaeagnus species at low latitudes in China. Our study also highlighted dispersal pattern investigation and genetic background analysis to improve future practices and policies related to species introduction of genetic basis pool.
... Due to these different conditions, the country has significant plant genetic diversity and there are many fruit tree taxa in the country (Uzun et al., 2015). The family of Elaeagnaceae has three genus as being Elaeagnus L., Hippophae L. and Shepherdia Nutt, and has 77 species worldwide (Khadivi, 2018;Asadiar et al., 2013;Sun and Lin, 2010). Also known as oleaster or Russian olive, Elaeagnus angustifolia L. belongs to the Elaeagnus genus of the Elaeagnaceae family (Carradori et al., 2020;Hamidpour et al., 2017). ...
This study was performed out genetic diversity of some Elaeagnus angustifolia L. populations growing in İzmir province by using ISSR markers. In the study, PCR was performed using 15 ISSR primers. PCR products were run in agarose gel and visualized under UV light. Amplified products were scored as follows. A total of 46 bands were produced from 15 ISSR primers, of which 27 were polymorphic. The proportion of polymorphic bands was evaluated as approximately 58.7%. Genetic distances between phylogenetic trees and genotypes were calculated using the PAUP program. The phylogenetic tree consists of two large clades. The longest distance between populations was between Gümüldür-Özdere and Çeşme-Alaçatı population with a value of 0.50, while the closest distance was between Çeşme-Ayayorgi and Konak-Hatay populations with a value of 0.06. The results show that ISSR markers are useful tools for determining genetic relationships between E. angustifolia populations.
... Elaeagnus mainly occurs in the Yangtze River valley to the south, but also in Northwest China. It can grow in diverse habitats at elevations of 50-3100 m, such as lakeshores, stream sides, rocky slopes, forests and scrublands (Sun and Lin 2010). Elaeagnus and Hippophae often grow on floodplains and barren land as pioneer plants (Schlütz and Lehmkuhl 2009), while tree species such as birch will develop and replace them in natural succession. ...
The relationships between strong earthquakes, landslides, and vegetation destruction and the process of post-seismic recovery in tectonically active alpine valley areas have not been adequately documented. Here we show detailed pollen study results from a swamp located near the epicenter of the 1933 M 7.5 Diexi earthquake in eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) to reveal the impact of earthquake on vegetation, and the post-seismic recovery process. Based on ²¹⁰ Pb- ¹³⁷ Cs age model, the seismic event layer is well constrained. The earthquake event corresponds stratigraphically to a zone with the lowest pollen concentrations, the lowest pollen diversity, and a high frequency of non-arboreal pollen. Elaeagnaceae scrubs rapidly developed in post-seismic landscape recovery processes, which is important for reducing soil erosion and landslide activities. Natural ecological recovery is slow due to increasing human activities and historical climatic fluctuations.
... Inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase Yoshida et al. (1996) Carotenoid (lycopene) anti-carcinogenic activity, as well as hepatoprotective effect Perveen et al. (2015); Pinto et al. (2013) (Miao & Lin, 2010). In this review, the data on phytochemical composition, traditional, and pharmacological uses of some medicinal species of Elaeagnus genus have been compiled. ...
Family Elaeagnaceae is also known as oleaster family having three genera: Hippophae, Shepherdia and Elaeagnus, and about 70–80 species found worldwide. The multipurpose uses of genus Elaeagnus, their pharmacological significances and diverse chemical composition make them worthy of investigation and exploration for botanists and phytochemists. This critical review summarizes the botanical distribution, phytochemical constituents, and biological activities of various species of genus Elaeagnus. The online published material/papers available at different search engines were studied to compile this review. The existing literature available on search engines like Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, Elsevier, Scopus, Taylor and Francis, ACS publications, Google Scholar and Wiley On-line Library, was screened to collect relevant data. Elaeagnus species are widely used to treat a number of health issues due to their God gifted phytochemical compositions having great beneficial health applications. Phytochemical and biological evaluation studies have revealed the presence of essential chemical constituents like flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, terpenoids, lignanoids, organic acids, coumarins, alkaloids, steroids, vitamin C, lycopene, and polyphenols in Elaeagnus species that are responsible for their remarkable observed biological activities like antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, muscle relaxant effect, anti-diarrheal, antinociceptive, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-amnesic activities. This review presents the importance of some species of genus Elaeagnus in terms of their traditional medicinal uses, phytochemical composition as well as potential pharmacological properties. However, bio-guided isolation studies are needed to understand the role of a particular compound in the observed biological activities.
... The northern regions of Pakistan, including Gilgit-Baltistan, are situated at the junction of the Himalaya, the Hindukush, the Karakorum, and the Pamir mountain ranges, making it an area of rich topographic features and comparatively high plant diversity (Pei, 1992). Many of the plant dia Nutt., and Hippophae L. including 77 species worldwide (Sun & Lin, 2010). In the flora of Gilgit-Baltistan, Russian olive is yet unexplored and one of the potentially most important multi-purpose plant species (Khan & Khatoon, 2008;Shedayi et al., 2014). ...
Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Elaeagnaceae) is a native multipurpose medicinal shrub or tree of temperate Asian regions and an integral component of high altitude terraced agroforestry systems of Gilgit-Baltistan, northern Pakistan. The strong increase in deforestation, urbanisation, and the loss of ethnically-based medication practices in local communities are gradually leading to depletion of its stands and knowledge of its use. In view of these circumstances , this study was undertaken to characterise Russian olive accessions as a first step towards the conservation of this important wild plant genetic resource. Ninety-three fruits (including seeds) and leaves were sampled to determine morphological variability among accessions. In addition, the phenolic composition of fruit pulp of 40 fruits was determined. To assess the local importance of the species, 42 Russian olive collectors and traders were interviewed. Data were analysed using PCA followed by clustering. Fruit traits across groups were equally shared. Elevation enhanced fruit and seed dimensions especially length (r = 0.606 and 0.515, respectively) and weight (r = 0.618 and 0.695, respectively). Bioactive substances such as DPPH and flavonoids in the sampled fruits exceeded most values found in the literature by a factor of 100 and 30, respectively. The socioeconomic household analysis highlighted that Russian olive harvest and trade are important additional income strategies. On average, about 90 (ca. 16000 PKR) were earned annually per household ranging from about 35 to about 205. Data yielded a mixed picture on morphological and biochemical diversity as well as the socioeconomic background, but indicated that northern regions of Pakistan are an important centre for biodiversity of this species in Central Asia, which merits improved marketing.
... It is widespread in southern China, including Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangdong, and Guangxi, as well as Japan and it often grows in sunny forests or forest margin below 1000 m a.s.l. (Sun and Lin 2010). Fruits can be eaten, leaves can be used medicinally, stem bark can be used as paper or man-made fibers (Zhu et al. 2017). ...
Elaeagnus glabra is an evergreen vine or climbing shrub with 5 m height. It is widespread in southern China. It grows in the sunny forests or forest margins below 1000 m a.s.l. In this paper, we report and describe the complete plastome of E. glabra in order to provide useful genomic data for its systematic research. The complete plastome of E. glabra is 152,555 bp with a typical quadripartite structure of angiosperms. It contains two Inverted Repeats (IRs) of 25,918 bp, a large single-copy (LSC) of 82,408 bp, and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,311 bp. The complete plastome contains 129 genes, including 83 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The overall A/T content in the chloroplast genome of E. glabra is 62.90%. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that E. glabra is close to E. loureirii within Elaeagnaceae. The complete plastome of E. glabra will provide useful resources for the development and utilization of this species and the phylogenetic study of Rosales.
... Elaeagnus angustifolia L. belongs to the genus Elaeagnus of Elaeagnacea family and the family comparises three genera: Elaeagnus L., Hippophae L., Shepherdia and has seventy seven species worldwide [1] and [2]. Elaeagnus angustifolia, commonly called wild olive, silver berry, Russian olive or oleaster, native to central and western Asia, Afghanistan, from southern Russia and Kazakhstan to Turkey, parts of Pakistan and Iran. ...
... Its flowers are yellowish white, have very sharp and beautiful fragrance. The fruit ellipsoid or subglobose, within the fruit, there is a single seed oval or pointed, of five to ten mm length [2]. Fruit and leaf image of this species provided in Figure 1. ...
... Ten genotypes (6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,21) nested in group 2. All genotypes except number 21, collected from Aksaray and Konya provinces which was in same region of Turkey. The last group of dendrogram was consisted of seven genotypes (1,2,3,4,5,20,25). In this group, except genotype 20, all of others were taken from Nevsehir province. ...
Molecular markers are commonly used in determination of genetic similarities and differences in many species and varieties. In this research Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers were used to distinguish twenty-five elaeagnus (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) genotypes which were collected from various parts of Turkey in accordance with specific morphologic criteria. Eleven ISSR primers produced a total of 92 fragments and 23 of them were polymorphic. The mean polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.25. The unweighted pair group method arithmetic average (UPGMA) analysis demonstrated that the accessions had a similarity range from 0.63 to 1.00. Relatively genetic variation was detected among genotypes. Apart from the two genotypes, all other genotypes are separated. 'Genotype 72' is the most distant genotype. The remaining 24 genotypes were collected under three main groups. On the other hand, some of the genotypes are grouped according to their geographical distribution. The study showed that there is variation among genetic resources and that could be used in breeding programmes.
... It is comprised of 50-90 species most of which are distributed from East and South-East Asia to Australia, and a few of which are in North America and southern Europe (Willis, 1973;Hart & Veldkamp, 1980;Veldkamp, 1986;Heywood & al., 2007). The center of diversity of the genus is East Asia, including China (36-67 spp., Qin & Gilbert, 2007;Sun & Lin, 2010) and Japan (15 spp., Ohba, 1999). A number of Elaeagnus species are grown as ornamental shrubs, for their attractive foliage and aroma. ...
The typification of three Linnaean names: Elaeagnus latifolia, E. spinosa, and Hippophaë rhamnoides is discussed.
The designation of the nomenclatural types is based on an assessment of Linnaeus’s original material. The name E. latifolia is
lectotypified using a specimen from Hermann’s Herbarium at BM, and E. spinosa using a specimen from Hasselquist’s specimen
at LINN. The name Hippophaë rhamnoides is lectotypified using a specimen preserved at UPS.
