Figure 2 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
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-A) Forrest plot of hazard ratio (HR) for the association between serum albumin (SA) and all-cause mortality; B) Forrest plot of the hazard ratio for the association between SA and the composite endpoint of all-cause mortality and HF rehospitalization; C) Forrest plot of the hazard ratio for the association between geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and all-cause mortality; D) Forrest plot of the hazard ratio for the association between GNRI and cardiovascular mortality; E) Forrest plot of the hazard ratio for the association between prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and all-cause mortality. Heterogeneity among studies was determined using I2 statistics at a significance level of p < 0.05. CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio.
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... = 0.002; I 2 = 83.6%; Figure 2A), and the Egger's test (p = 0.584) did not identify publication bias. Three studies analyzed the composite endpoint of all-cause mortality and HF rehospitalization with SA, a fixed effects model (HR = 1.768; 95% CI = 1.483-2.108, ...
Context 2
... studies analyzed the composite endpoint of all-cause mortality and HF rehospitalization with SA, a fixed effects model (HR = 1.768; 95% CI = 1.483-2.108, p = 0.000; I 2 = 22.3%; Fig 2B) was statistically significant, and Egger's test (p = 0.661) showed no publication bias. ...
Context 3
... meta-analysis revealed a significantly increased allcause mortality (HR: 1.812; 95% CI: 1.064-3.086, p = 0.029; Figure 2C) for HFpEF patients with lower GNRI. However, there may be publication bias, as supported by Egger's test (p = 0.014). ...
Context 4
... data showed that lower GNRIs were related to higher cardiovascular mortality, and the fixed effects model (HR = 1.922; 95% CI = 1.504-2.457, p = 0.000; I 2 = 0.00%; Figure 2D) was statistically significant, and Egger's test (p = 0.41) showed there was no publication bias. ...
Context 5
... was estimated using a random model in two studies, and the pooled HR revealed no statistical difference in allcause mortality between the patients with a high and low level of PNI (HR: 1.176; 95% CI: 0.858-1.612, p = 0.314, I 2 =80.6%; Figure 2E), and Egger's test (p < 0.05) showed certain publication bias, as seen in some studies. ...
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Citations
Purpose: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine whether serum albumin level (<35mg/L) can predict mortality after proximal femoral fracture surgery in older adults. Methods: This review adhered to the guidelines outlined in the PRISMA statement. The electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane were reviewed for studies. The risk of bias was assessed with the ROBINS-I tools. The following relevant data from each included study were extracted and reported by two independent reviewers: study design, sample size, follow-up, age, gender, mortality at last follow-up, odds ratio (OR). Results: In total, 2,009 studies were identified; 18 original articles satisfied both the inclusion and the exclusion criteria and were included in the final meta-analysis. At 1 month of follow up, among 15,284 patients, the OR was 1.20 (95% CI: 0.86–1.68) with an I-squared statistic of 98.3%. At 1 year of follow-up, among 2,281 patients, the OR was 1.88 (95% CI: 1.00–3.53) with an I-squared statistic of 20.5%. At long-term follow-up (beyond 3 years), among 283 patients, the OR was 5.58 (95% CI: 2.56–12.06) with an I-squared statistic of 0.0%. Evaluation of mortality hazard, among 283 patients, revealed a hazard ratio of was 1.04 (95% CI: 0.89–1.19) with an I-squared statistic of 40.2%. Conclusion: Over a follow-up period of more than three years, patients with low serum albumin levels have a 5.58 times higher mortality risk than those with normal levels. Additionally, at one year, patients with low serum albumin levels are 1.88 times more likely to die than those with normal levels. KEY WORDS: Proximal femoral fractures, pertrochanteric fractures, intertrochanteric fractures, hip fractures, albumin, mortality, nutritional state, odds ratio, hazard ratio.
