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(A) Examples of textures preferred by Japanese gardeners. (B1) Oddnumbered groupings of stones usually result in odd-numbered visual junctions, which disappear (B3) among distractors, whereas even arrangements (B2) lead to even junctions that are more salient (B4). Patterns with many even junctions (B5) result in competing figures. A base stone (white circle) (C1) strengthens visual grouping within the cluster (C2). Deliberate alignment (C3) creates an unnatural looking closed figure. Without a base stone the composition visually appears as two separate groups (C4). (D1, D2) Images after Bahnsen (1928) demonstrate how bilateral symmetry dictates to figure-ground perception. (D3) Inducing bilateral symmetry in one rock cluster causes it to 'pop out' in the Ryoanji design. (D4) Local bilateral symmetry weakens grouping between clusters. (D5) More subtle eff ects of similarity and proximity are dominated by artificially induced global bilateral symmetry.
Source publication
A rock garden, also known as a rockery or an alpine garden, is a small field or plot of ground designed to feature and emphasize a variety of rocks, stones, and boulders. Gardeners who enjoy growing a wide variety of plants are the best advocates of rock gardens. This type of garden can contain a mixture of evergreens, deciduous shrubs, bulbs, pere...
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Citations
... Kayalık ya da alpin bahçeler olarak da bilinen kaya bahçeleri, çeşitli taş ve kayaları öne çıkarmak ve vurgulamak için tasarlanmış küçük bir alan veya arazidir. Bu tür bahçeler, herdem yeşil ya da yaprak döken çalılar, soğanlı bitkiler, tek yıllık veya çok yıllık türlerin karışımını içerebilir (Mitra, 2018). ...
... and are placed on the surface of the soil and part of it is buried in the ground, while the newly broken parts are hidden in the ground and show only the surfaces that were previously exposed to external conditions. The stones are positioned in a slightly oblique position to form pockets where plants can be grown and large stones are placed at the top of the garden, while small stones are placed at the bottom (Mitra 2018). Some basic rules should be followed when using stones in the design of rock gardens, namely: not stealing stones from the countryside, avoiding the use of broken concrete as a replacement for stones, using the same type of stone in each garden and not exaggerating the use of more than one type buy stones from A local quarry preferably visiting and choosing the stones required by the designer personally, choosing a group of stones in different sizes and preferably weighing 12.7 -101.6 kg (Hessayon 2000). ...
... Tufa: A porous Limestone form which contains plant residues. Its lightness is the exceptional advantages.(half the weight of ordinary limestone) and its ability to support plant growth (Hessayon 2000, Mitra 2018) Rocky garden plants: Plants that growing up among the rocks usually come from weeds and bulbs. Plants are cultivated in groups and require fertile soil. ...
Rock gardens were marked by their economic, human, cultural and social privacy, which led to the development of many private and public trends over long periods and large geographical areas with similar climate characteristics marked by lack of rainwater, high temperatures and uneven ground. The research aims are to enhance the operational experience of planning and designing rock gardens by using an expert questionnaire and establishing the planning and design foundations. It is an essential element that the designer can adopt in the future in designing rock gardens. A number of proposed designs for rock gardens have also been developed based on the results of the experts' questionnaire, which can be adopted in the future design of rock gardens. The research reached a number of conclusions that the designer made that contribute to the development of rock garden designs in hot and dry uneven areas in the future.
