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A-B. Cryptanthus zonatus: A. two different morphotypes in sympatry; B. detail of inflorescence showing the flowers. C-D. Encholirium spectabile: C. habit in habitat; D. part the inflorescence showing flowers. E-F. Hohenbergia catingae: E. habit in habitat; F. detail of the inflorescence showing the flower. G-H. Hohenbergia horrida: G. habit in habitat; H. detail of the inflorescence showing the flower. I-K. Hohenbergia ridleyi: I. habit in habitat; J. flower and developing fruits; K. detail of the inflorescence showing some flowers. L-M. Neoglaziovia variegata: L. habit; M. part of the inflorescence showing some flowers. N-O. Orthophytum disjunctum: N. green and vinaceous morphotypes in habitat; O. detail of inflorescence showing a flower. P-Q. Wittmackia patentissima: P. habit in habitat; Q. detail of inflorescence just after anthesis. Photos: E.C. Tomaz (A-L, O-Q), G.S. Garcia (M), L.M. Versieux (N).
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The Bromeliaceae Flora for the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, is presented, based on extensive fieldwork, morphological analyses using herbarium and freshly collected material, and specialized literature. Twenty-six species of bromeliads were recorded in Rio Grande do Norte, distributed in ten genera and in three subfamilies. Br...
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... zonatus can be recognized by its small habit, open rosette not forming a tank, with patent leaves generally touching the ground (Fig. 3A), and the inconspicuously pedunculated inflorescences and flowers with white corollas (Fig. 3B). Three leaf color morphs have been registered in the Atlantic Forest reserves in RN: concolorous green, greenish to dark maroon, and dark maroon with variegate white bands of trichomes. A recent study support that such color morphs all belong ...
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... zonatus can be recognized by its small habit, open rosette not forming a tank, with patent leaves generally touching the ground (Fig. 3A), and the inconspicuously pedunculated inflorescences and flowers with white corollas (Fig. 3B). Three leaf color morphs have been registered in the Atlantic Forest reserves in RN: concolorous green, greenish to dark maroon, and dark maroon with variegate white bands of trichomes. A recent study support that such color morphs all belong to C. zonatus: individuals growing side by side, or even the same leaf, may change color or ...
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... with Aechmea muricata, reinforcing the importance of such protected area for the survival of threatened Bromeliaceae species in RN. This species has been widely used as ornamental since the 19 th century (Leme & Siqueira-Filho 2006) and its trade after collection in the wild was observed in some local nurseries in Natal (L. Versieux, pers. obs.). Fig. 3C-D] Herb rupicolous, stemless, propagating by rhizomes. Rosette open, orbicular in outline. Leaves suberect to recurved, coriaceous, strongly hirsute; leaf sheath 3.5-4.5 × 3-5.5 cm, widely ovate, brown; leaf blade 30-60 × 1.5-2 cm, narrowly triangular, attenuate towards apex, green or yellowish-green, margin strongly serrate; spines 3-10 ...
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... species can be recognized by its strictly rupicolous habit, with strongly hirsute leaves and an orbicular-shaped rosette, as well as the generally simple and many-flowered cylindric racemose inflorescence, with peduncle 80-170 cm long (Fig. 3C-D). The tall and narrow inflorescence resembles an arrow, justifying its popular name as macambira-de-flecha ("flecha" meaning arrow in Portuguese). This is the first bromeliad species reported to be pollinated by a non-flying mammal (Queiroz et al. 2016), and it is also known to provide shelter for a rare gecko species in the Caatinga of ...
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... for the extraction of natural fibers, to produce rope and hammocks (Corrêa 1931, Roque & Loiola 2013 (Smith & Downs 1979, Baracho 2004, Gouda & Butcher 2018. Even though 44 of these occur in Northeastern Brazil (Flora do Brasil 2020), only three are found in Rio Grande Norte, distributed in caatinga and Atlantic forest vegetation. 42: 195 (1909) [Fig. 3E-F] Herb rupicolous, stemless. Rosette infundibuliform. Leaves suberect, coriaceous; leaf sheath 15-18 x 8-10 cm, elliptic, densely brown-lepidote; leaf blade 40-50 × 3.5-4 cm, narrowly lanceolate, green to dark pink, margin serrate, apex attenuate into a stiff mucro; spines 2-4 mm long, antrorse proximally and mostly retrorse or patent ...
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... species can be identified by the infundibuliform rosette, the compound inflorescence, with flowers arranged in ellipsoid spikes (Fig. 3E-F), floral bracts 14-15 cm long, mucronate, chartaceous, markedly nerved, much exceeding the sepals, which are 6-7 mm long, with a membranaceous lateral wing equaling to slightly exceeding the ...
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... horrida was proposed by Harms (1935) as a species, later reduced to a variety of Hohenbergia catingae (Smith & Read 1976) and, more recently, it was reestablished to the species level (Baracho 2004). In RN, this species ( Fig. 3G-H) presents both a pyramidal and a subcylindrical inflorescence, with basal branches short or up to 24 cm long. It can be recognized by the compound inflorescence of strobiliform spikes, strongly hirsute, and the rupicolous habit, while it can be differentiated from other Hohenbergia in the state by its proportionally longer floral ...
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... ridleyi (Fig. 3I-K) is polymorphic, especially in rosette color and size (individuals may be totally yellowish when growing under full sun) and in inflorescence size and shape, which varies from narrow to widely pyramidal, 90-140 cm long. This species can be differentiated from H. horrida and H. catingae conjointly by having generally longer spikes (up to ...
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... et al. 2009, Silveira et al. 2013). It is also indicated as a fodder plant ( Nunes et al. 2015). Neoglaziovia variegata can be identified by its fasciculate leaves, few in number (<10), with strongly imbricate sheaths not forming a tank, long and linear blades (mostly over 1 m long), which are variegated with alternate bands of white scales (Fig. 3L), and the simple inflorescence with purple ...
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... phylogenic studies, current classification supports the subdivision of Orthophytum in five subgenera ( Leme et al. 2017), as well as the segregation of several species to the re-established genus Sincoraea (Louzada & Wanderley 2016). In RN, the genus is represented by only one species. L.B.Sm., Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 126: 33 (1955) [Fig. 3N-O] Herb rupicolous, stemless. Rosette open, tank absent. Leaves suberect to patent, coriaceous; leaf sheath inconspicuous; leaf blade 10-15 × 1-2.5 cm, triangular, green or vinaceous, densely white-lepidote on both faces, margin serrate, apex attenuate-acute; spines 2-3 mm long, mostly retrorse proximally to patent distally. Peduncle ...
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... subg. Orthophytum (Leme et al. 2017). The leaves with densely white-lepidote faces, triangular and conspicuously serrate blades can distinguish this species, as well as the foliaceous peduncle bracts and primary bracts and the pedunculate compound inflorescence. Additionally, green and vinaceous color morphs were observed sympatrically in RN (Fig. ...
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... s.n. (UFRN 7739); ibid., rod. RN-309, 9 August 2014, fr., J.G. Jardim & J.C. Sousa Jr. 6692 (UFRN). ...
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... s.n. (UFRN 7735). Goianinha, próximo Usina Estivas, 12 November 1980, fr., O.F. Oliveira et al. 1567. ...
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... patentissima can be recognized by its leaves with a dark, rigid and abruptly acuminate apex, densely serrulate margins, with spines 1-3 mm long, and the once-branched lax and pale green inflorescence (branches 9-25 in number), with many flowered spikes (Fig. 3P-Q). The flowers have aristate sepals and white ...
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Macambira is popularly designated to two species of Bromeliaceae: Bromelia laciniosa and Encholirium spectabile. Both species are xerophilous and have morphological and physiological structures adapted to the semiarid climate. Floristic studies are essential for the knowledge of existing species in certain areas and provide information on diversity, distribution, life forms, and conservation. Sympatry is defined as when two or more populations overlap without crossings between individuals of different species in the same geographical distribution. In this way, the objective of this study was to present the species that occur in sympatry with the macambiras in Serra do Jatobá, municipality of Milagres, Bahia, Brazil. Thirty-seven species belonging to three subfamilies were observed living in sympatry with the macambiras: Bromelioideae (19 spp.), Tillandsioideae (16 spp.), and Pitcairnioideae (2 spp.). The most representative genera of Bromelioideae were Tillandsia (13 spp.) and Hohenbergia (4 spp.). The genera Alcantarea, Bromelia, Cryptanthus, Dyckia, Encholirium, Karawata, and Neoglaziovia, presented only one species each. From the observed species, 70.26% are endemic to Brazil. From these, 32.4% occur exclusively in Bahia. About the status conservation, the species Aechmea disjuncta and Tillandsia milagrensis are considered ‘Endangered’, and Alcantarea nahoumii and Orthophytum rubrum are considered ‘Vulnerable’. The results presented can support conservation studies of these species and, in the future, support the creation of a conservation unit in the inselbergs of Bahia because these environments are maintainers of biodiversity and work as an “oasis” of the Caatinga.
Keywords: Bromelia laciniosa, Bromeliaceae, Encholirium spectabile, Floristic studies, Caatinga.
Resumo: A macambira é popularmente designada a duas espécies de Bromeliaceae: Bromelia laciniosa e Encholirium spectabile. Ambas as espécies são xerófilas e possuem estruturas morfológicas e fisiológicas adaptadas ao clima semiárido. Estudos florísticos são importantes para o conhecimento das espécies existentes em determinadas áreas e fornecem informações sobre a diversidade, distribuição, formas de vida e conservação. A simpatria é definida quando duas ou mais populações se superpõe sem que ocorram cruzamentos entre indivíduos das diferentes espécies em uma mesma distribuição geográfica. Diante do exposto, o objetivo do trabalho foi apresentar as espécies que ocorrem em simpatria com as macambiras na Serra do Jatobá, município de Milagres, Bahia, Brasil. Foram observadas vivendo em simpatria com as macambiras, 37 espécies pertencentes a três subfamílias: Bromelioideae (19 spp.), Tillandsioideae (16 spp.) e Pitcairnioideae (2 spp.). Os gêneros mais representativos de Bromelioideae foram Tillandsia (13 spp.) e Hohenbergia (4 spp.). Os gêneros Alcantarea, Bromelia, Cryptanthus, Dyckia, Encholirium, Karawata e Neoglaziovia apresentaram apenas uma espécie cada. Das espécies observadas, 70,26% são endêmicas do Brasil. Destas, 32,4% ocorrem exclusivamente na Bahia. Quanto ao nível de ameaça, as espécies Aechmea disjuncta e Tillandsia milagrensis são consideradas ‘Em Perigo’ e Alcantarea nahoumii e Orthophytum rubrum são consideradas ‘Vulneráveis’. Os resultados apresentados podem subsidiar estudos de conservação dessas espécies e, futuramente, apoiar a criação de uma unidade de conservação nos inselbergs da Bahia, pois esses ambientes são mantenedores da biodiversidade e funcionam como “oásis” da Caatinga.
Palavras-chave: Bromelia laciniosa, Bromeliaceae, Encholirium spectabile, Estudos florísticos, Caatinga.