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A-Adult plant of Acrocomia aculeate palm; B-Bunch of fruits; C-Detail of the fruit; D-Open inflorescence; E-Detail of the inflorescence, with female flowers located in the basal region and male flowers in the apical region.
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The growing global demand for vegetable oils for food and for replacing fossil fuels leads to increased oilseeds production. Almost 122 of the current 187 million tons of vegetable oils produced in the world correspond to palm and soybean oils. The oil palm is cultivated in the tropical zone, in areas formerly occupied by forests, and soybean oil i...
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Context 1
... fruit is an edible drupe of 3.0-5.0 cm diameter, globose, with a mucilaginous fibrous mesocarp of various coloration and sweet taste. The endocarp strongly adheres to the mesocarp and the seed shows a large endosperm, with up to four seeds per fruit (Berton, 2013;Henderson et al., 1995;Lorenzi et al., 2010) (Fig. 2). When mature, the fruit emits a characteristic aroma and the hull easily detaches from the pulp ( Almeida et al., 1998;Lorenzi, 2006). The fruits consist of approximately 20% of hull, 40% of pulp, 33% of endocarp and 7% of kernel (Berton, 2013;Ciconini et al., ...
Context 2
... fruit is an edible drupe of 3.0-5.0 cm diameter, globose, with a mucilaginous fibrous mesocarp of various coloration and sweet taste. The endocarp strongly adheres to the mesocarp and the seed shows a large endosperm, with up to four seeds per fruit (Berton, 2013;Henderson et al., 1995;Lorenzi et al., 2010) (Fig. 2). When mature, the fruit emits a characteristic aroma and the hull easily detaches from the pulp ( Almeida et al., 1998;Lorenzi, 2006). The fruits consist of approximately 20% of hull, 40% of pulp, 33% of endocarp and 7% of kernel (Berton, 2013;Ciconini et al., ...
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Consumer resistance against GM crops is still substantial in the United States and Europe. We conducted an internet survey in the United States and Norway with more than 1,000 respondents in each country to estimate consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for GM soybean oil, farmed salmon fed with GM soy, and GM salmon. The differences in WTP for the c...
Citations
... Lodd. ex Mart., Acrocomia totai Mart., and Acrocomia intumescens Drude are of great economic interest for vegetable oil production due to their wide geographical distribution (Colombo et al., 2018), and the quantity and quality of oil produced (Freitas de Lima et al., 2021;Montoya et al., 2016;Motoike et al., 2013;Pires et al., 2013). ...
The oilseed palm genus Acrocomia is suitable for sustainable oil production in South America. The high phenotypic diversity of wild populations poses a challenge for the delimitation of the genus. Comparing the inflorescence architecture, a first‐order panicle, and staminate and pistillate flower traits could be a valuable tool in resolving the taxonomic disarray. Thus, this study aims to characterize the differences in the inflorescence architecture and floral structures of three common and economically significant Acrocomia species: A. aculeata, A. totai, and A. intumescens. Biometric traits of the inflorescence architecture and floral structures of various Acrocomia accessions in an ex situ germplasm collection in Brazil were assessed. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis based on the Gower distance was used to measure dissimilarities between the individual plants of the accessions. To our best knowledge, this study provides the first evidence of the presence of second‐order rachillae in the genus Acrocomia. Evaluated traits showed a high level of variation within and between accessions, emphasizing the phenotypic diversity of the genus. The accessions of A. totai were distinguishable from those of the other two species by their inflorescence architecture and flower traits. The dissimilarities between A. aculeata and A. intumescens were not sufficient to differentiate both. In conclusion, the quantitative assessment of inflorescence and floral traits is a valuable tool for taxonomic resolution of the genus.
... In UNP, macaúba palms bloom from September to February, and fruiting occurs throughout the year, with each palm typically bearing 2-8 panicles, containing 250-500 fruits each. Each macaúba palm yields 25,000-40,000 fruits per year (Lorenzi et al., 2010;Colombo et al., 2018). The fruit is a yellowish-green spherical drupe, 3.5-5 cm in diameter (Fig. 3). ...
Robust capuchin monkeys are among the few animals to use stone tools to process encased food items in the wild.So far, hammer-stones used by capuchins have only been described in detail, with archeological approaches, inthe long-term study site of Serra da Capivara, where capuchins use lithic tools to crack open low-resistance fooditems, dig the soil to access embedded resources, or pound on conglomerate cliffs to pulverize them (stone-on-stone). Our work provides the first technological and techno-morpho-functional, use-wear and residue analysis ofa sample of lithic materials collected at six nut-cracking sites used by bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajuslibidinosus) living in the Ubajara National Park (Cear´a, Brazil), a population not habituated to the presence ofresearchers at the time. Shell remains at the sites were dominated by macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) nuts.Technological and techno-morpho-functional analysis identified six lithic hammer-stones, four tool fragmentsand fifteen flakes on the bases of their morphology, their technological traits (flakes), their potential percussionmarks of use observed at the naked eye, and their potential function. Use-wear and residue (e.g., starch grains)analyses unambiguously linking lithic tools to the processing of food items have been found on two hammer-stones, one hammer-stone fragment, two flakes and two micro-flakes. Our study adds one more geographicalsite where an archeological approach has been taken to describe tools used by capuchins. We report that crackingof hard-shelled nuts by wild robust capuchins may unintentionally produce flakes like those produced by stone-on-stone behavior observed in the same species, by long-tailed macaques cracking Elaeis guineensis nuts, bywestern chimpanzees cracking Panda oleosa nuts and by Pliocene/Pleistocene hominins. The detailed analysis oflithic tools used by capuchin monkeys to process hard-shelled nuts, therefore, represents a significantimprovement towards the construction of a representative reference collection of tools for this important modeltaxon for stone tool use in non-human primates.
... A. aculeata é considerada a palmeira de maior distribuição no Brasil, pois ocorre em todo o território nacional, exceto na Região Sul (Cardoso et al., 2020). É uma espécie vegetal com ampla utilidade socioeconômica na produção de óleos vegetais, além de sua importância ambiental, do uso na alimentação animal e humana, e também na indústria de produtos manufaturados, como os fármacos, cosméticos, lubrificantes e resinas, além de vários outros (Colombo et al., 2018) L. tomentosa, popularmente conhecida como oiti, é endêmica do nordeste brasileiro, é muito usada na arborização urbana, por sua grande copa fornecer sombra para o ambiente, é também usada para fins ornamentais, alimentícios, industriais, farmacológicos, na produção de óleo e na restauração de áreas degradadas (Castro et al., 2018). ...
A arborização em praças muitas vezes não é feita corretamente e estudos relacionados ao perfil florístico, além de auxiliar a gestão pública, permite que haja o estabelecimento de um banco de dados que colabore para manutenção, planejamento e manejo da arborização. Assim, o presente trabalho visa a realização de um inventário florístico e fitossociológico nas praças da zona urbana da cidade de Iguatu-CE para contribuir com a demanda da arborização das praças na cidade. O levantamento ocorreu na zona urbana da sede do município, tendo sido realizado pelo método de inventário quali-quantitativo do tipo censo, nas 31 praças existentes. Foram catalogados 763 indivíduos e 93 espécies; as famílias com maior número de espécies são: Arecaceae (19) e Fabaceae (11); o número de espécies exóticas sobressai na paisagem urbana principalmente Azadirachta indica (espécie exótica invasora). Os dados expressaram uma grande variedade de espécies, além da alta proporção de espécies exóticas (74.96%). A similaridade florística indica que as Praças 14 (grupo 1) 29 e 27 (grupo 2) e 21 (grupo 3) apresentam baixa similaridade florísticas e compartilham poucas espécies. Devido ao elevado número de espécies exóticas é sugerido a substituição de certos indivíduos por plantas nativas, especialmente aquelas que não se encontram em bom estado, visa-se, assim, a valorização da flora local para o bom planejamento urbano, preservação da biota local e a conservação do patrimônio público.
... One of the applications needed to solve image problems is palm oil. Palm oil is the second largest source of vegetable oil after soybean [18]. Observing the characteristics of oil palm in a plantation area is very valuable to know, and can be monitored using technology such as detecting, and counting trees by oil palm farmers and plantation stakeholders to maximize crop productivity [19]. ...
... In the absence of Attalea phalerata or along with it, macaws can feed on the fruits of various Acrocomia palms, popularly known as Bocaiuva (Fig 1e). Three species occur in the Pantanal: Acrocomia aculeata, A. totai, and A. corumbaensis, which are morphologically similar (Colombo et al. 2018;Vianna 2017;Vianna et al. 2021). Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus have mostly been described to feed on A. aculeata (Guedes 2004a;Guedes 2004b;Scherer-Neto et al. 2019). ...
... Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus have mostly been described to feed on A. aculeata (Guedes 2004a;Guedes 2004b;Scherer-Neto et al. 2019). This Bocaiuva species is also the most studied among the three, because of its wide geographical distribution and the high nutritional value of its fruits that contain highquality oil, used by the industrial sector (Colombo et al. 2018;Vianna et al. 2021). While the fruiting period of Acrocomia aculeata is extended, in the Pantanal fruits mostly mature in July to September, during the dry season (Salles et al. 2016). ...
... ex Mart. and Syagrus cearensis Noblick [42,43]. ...
This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic effects of the fixed oils of Acrocomia aculeata (FOAA) and Syagrus cearenses (FOSC) against the bacterial strains and the fungi strains of the genus Candida spp. The method of serial microdilution using different concentrations was used for measuring the individual biological activity of the fixed oils. The fixed oil of A. aculeata showed the presence of oleic acid (24.36%), while the oil of S. cearensis displayed the content of myristic acid (18.29%), compounds detected in high concentration. The combination FOAA + Norfloxacin, and FOSC + Norfloxacin showed antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus strains, demonstrating possible synergism and potentiation of the antibiotic action against multidrug-resistant strains. The combination FOAA + Fluconazole displayed a significant effect against Candida albicans (IC50 = 15.54), C. krusei (IC50 = 78.58), and C. tropicalis (IC50 = 1588 μg/mL). Regarding FOSC + Fluconazole, it was also observed their combined effect against the strains of C. albicans (IC50 = 3385 μg/mL), C. krusei (IC50 = 26.67 μg/mL), and C. tropicalis (IC50 = 1164 μg/mL). The findings of this study showed a significant synergism for both fixed oils tested when combined with the antibiotic.
... The quest for new raw materials that can be sustainably exploited is essential for developing bio-based economies and fostering sustainable development. In this context, underexploited tropical palms, such as macauba (Acrocomia aculeata and Acrocomia totai), present unique potential for the sustainable supply of food and energy [1]. Macauba is an oil-bearing palm member of the Arecaceae family, native to the tropical and subtropical Americas [1]. ...
... In this context, underexploited tropical palms, such as macauba (Acrocomia aculeata and Acrocomia totai), present unique potential for the sustainable supply of food and energy [1]. Macauba is an oil-bearing palm member of the Arecaceae family, native to the tropical and subtropical Americas [1]. Macauba palms can grow in marginal soil and are suitable for intercropping and agroforestry systems, while producing 2500 kg of oil per hectare and year on average [1], thus, showing oil productivity to be superior to many oil crops such as canola, peanuts, soybeans, and sunflower [2]. ...
... Macauba is an oil-bearing palm member of the Arecaceae family, native to the tropical and subtropical Americas [1]. Macauba palms can grow in marginal soil and are suitable for intercropping and agroforestry systems, while producing 2500 kg of oil per hectare and year on average [1], thus, showing oil productivity to be superior to many oil crops such as canola, peanuts, soybeans, and sunflower [2]. Different from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), which requires a hot humid tropical environment to grow, the macauba palm adapts to different environments, including cooler subtropical and drier semiarid ecosystems [3], and possesses relative tolerance to periods of rain shortages [1]. ...
Macauba palm fruits (Acrocomia aculeata and Acrocomia totai) are emerging as sources of high-quality oils from their pulp and kernels. The protein-rich macauba kernel meal (MKM) left after oil extraction remains undervalued, mainly due to the lack of suitable deoiling parameters and integrated protein recovery methods. Therefore, the present study aimed to produce protein concentrates from MKM using sieve fractionation. The deoiling parameters, comprising pressing, milling, and solvent extraction, were improved in terms of MKM functionality. The combination of hydraulic pressing, milling to 1 mm, and the hexane extraction of A. aculeata kernels resulted in MKM with the highest protein solubility (77.1%), emulsifying activity index (181 m2/g protein), and emulsion stability (149 min). After sieve fractionation (cut size of 62 µm), this meal yielded a protein concentrate with a protein content of 65.6%, representing a 74.1% protein enrichment compared to the initial MKM. This protein concentrate showed a reduced gelling concentration from 8 to 6%, and an increased emulsion stability from 149 to 345 min, in comparison to the MKM before sieving. Therefore, sieve fractionation after improved deoiling allows for the simple, cheap, and environmentally friendly recovery of MKM proteins, highlighting the potential of macauba kernels as a new source of protein.
... Thus, agricultural diversification based on the local diversity of vascular plants has the potential to establish multi-functional production systems for the bioeconomy. This is the case for Acrocomia spp., a genus of palms endemic to the neotropics, that is in the early phase of domestication (i.e., A. aculeata) and has manifold artisanal and industrial applications, primarily using its oil-bearing fruits [6][7][8][9]. The diverse uses of acrocomia fruit fractions-husk (exocarp), 17.9-34.7%; ...
... shell (endocarp), 15.7−31%; and kernel (seed), 3.1-9% [6]-have been investigated for the production of vegetable oils (20.2-55.7% oil content in pulp (dry basis) and 45.8-68.9% in kernel of acrocomia fruits [6,[10][11][12][13][14]) and raw materials for the food, feed, pharma, cosmetic, bioenergy, and chemical industries [4,7,10,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. This can allow the development of acrocomia biorefinery systems based on pulp and kernel oils. ...
... Moreover, various communities in Latin America have benefitted from natural populations of acrocomia for a long time in diverse ways, demonstrating the possibility and need to implement inclusive strategies that provide livelihood options to smallholder farmers in rural areas [5,8,11,15,16,23,25,[27][28][29][30][31][32]. Brazil and Paraguay are leading the development of value chains based on acrocomia fruits and first cultivation systems are in the establishment phase [6][7][8]11,27]. Integral use concept for acrocomia fruits, including oils (primary products), by-products, and targeted sectors. ...
The diversification of biomass resources is key to the transition towards a bioeconomy. Acrocomia spp., a neotropical genus of palms, is an example of plants’ diversity potential for a sustainable bioeconomy. Acrocomia’s adaptability to environments outside rainforests, its specific fruit properties and high yields has generated the interest of researchers and entrepreneurs, triggering its introduction as a multipurpose oil crop. Developing sustainability-oriented and knowledge-based acrocomia value webs requires a collaborative, systems approach from the outset. Fostering an inter- and transdisciplinary dialogue on acrocomia through a participatory workshop with both academic and non-academic actors contributed to this endeavor. This allowed the identification of priorities, knowledge gaps, and stakeholder roles, and served as the basis for the co-creation of a research and development roadmap. Key steps for the introduction of acrocomia include intertwined technical aspects relating to the development of planting material, cultivation systems, processing technologies and applications, market entry, and value web governance aspects. A broad collaboration among scientists, the public and private sectors, farmers, and civil society, is required for the development of acrocomia value webs. The incorporation of sustainability and a consideration of context in the design and development phases are fundamental to fostering the sustainable performance of acrocomia value webs.
... Syagrus, Bactris, Attalea, Astrocaryum, Euterpe, Butia, Oenocarpus, Acrocomia, and Mauritia are the genera of this family among the most commonly found in Brazilian biomes [8]. The seeds from those palm tree fruits have great potential for industrial applications, including in food [9][10][11][12], therapeutic and cosmetics products [11,[13][14][15], and biodiesel [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The latter is a growing demand in Brazil due to local regulations that obligate diesel producers to include 10% biodiesel in their composition. ...
... A difference in the total scientific papers obtained through the SCO and WOS platforms from 1990 to 2021 can be noted (Figure 5b). However, in both databases, the highest number of documents were associated with E. oleracea (673-695), followed by A. speciosa (494-549), B. gasipaes (347-392), M. flexuosa (361-382), and A. aculeata (317-336), while the species with the lowest number of documents in the literature were A. maripa (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) and A. murumuru (34)(35)(36). Also, the highest discrepancies between the results from each database were observed in B. gasipaes (13%) and A. speciosa (10%). ...
... guineensis) oil. It can become a commercial oilseed crop [22,72] and alternative raw material for oil extraction [17,73], bioenergy [74], and biofuel production [73,75,76]. After many efforts and massive research over the last four decades, A. aculeata was adapted for cultivation in some regions of Brazil. ...
Arecaceae palm tree fruits (APTFs) with pulp or kernel rich in oil are widely distributed in six Brazilian biomes. APTFs represent a great potential for the sustainable exploitation of products with high added value, but few literature studies have reported their properties and industrial applications. The lack of information leads to underutilization, low consumption, commercializa-tion, and processing of these fruit species. This review presents and discusses the occurrence of 13 APTFs and the composition, physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, and potential applications of their 25 oils and fats. The reported studies showed that the species present different lipid profiles. Multivariate analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) indicated a correlation between the composition of pulp and kernel oils. Myristic, caprylic, capric, and lauric acids are the main saturated fatty acids, while oleic acid is the main unsaturated. Carotenoids and phenolic compounds are the main bioactive compounds in APTFs, contributing to their high oxidative stability. The APTFs oils have a potential for use as foods and ingredients in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries. However, more studies are still necessary to better understand and exploit these species.
... Lodd. ex Mart.) is an oleaginous palm tree widely distributed in tropical America that has great agro-industrial interest (Colombo et al., 2017;Lorenzi et al., 2010). Due to its high productivity, the quality of its mesocarp and seed oils, and its tolerance to water deficits, macaúba is considered one of the most promising industrial crops for biofuel production in tropical environments (Colombo et al., 2017;Pires et al., 2013). ...
... ex Mart.) is an oleaginous palm tree widely distributed in tropical America that has great agro-industrial interest (Colombo et al., 2017;Lorenzi et al., 2010). Due to its high productivity, the quality of its mesocarp and seed oils, and its tolerance to water deficits, macaúba is considered one of the most promising industrial crops for biofuel production in tropical environments (Colombo et al., 2017;Pires et al., 2013). Commercial plantations of the species are still incipient, however, although significant research efforts have been devoted to its domestication (Ampese et al., 2021). ...
... Acrocomia aculeata is considered one of the most productive oilseed palms, in addition to being tolerant of water deficitswhich highlights its potential for biofuel production in tropical environments (Pires et al., 2013). Commercial plantations are still incipient, although there are vast natural populations currently being exploited through extractivism in Brazil and Paraguay (Colombo et al., 2017;Ampese et al., 2021). The results of this work will contribute to the management of both natural populations and domestication programs, as we have established that: 1) macaúba pyrenes are long-lived, structurally resistant, and can be stored at low cost for future propagation and for the conservation of genetic resources; 2) the application of high temperatures to pyrenes held under natural environmental conditions represents a low-cost method for overcoming dormancy; 3) the notable longevity and resistance of the diaspores raise the prospect of direct seeding, which would be a low-cost alternative for both small-plot and commercial farmers to planting seedlings; 4) natural populations form persistent SB that can be managed for densification and/or new plantings; 5) extractivist management plans must consider the importance of the SB as a reservoir of genetic material that can maintain the resilience of natural populations, and as a reserve of diaspores for their maintenance. ...
The persistence of diaspores in soil seed banks (SB) will depend on their ability to remain viable (longevity) without germinating (dormancy). Changes in longevity and dormancy are governed by interactions between both intrinsic and environmental factors, and which determine the dynamics of SB. Our understanding of those dynamics will be important for the commercial propagation and conservation of natural populations, but remains incipient for tropical species. We evaluated the effects of climatic seasonality on the longevity and dormancy of diaspores of the neotropical oleaginous macaúba palm (Acrocomia aculeata). Pyrenes (seeds enveloped by the endocarp) of the species were kept in simulated SB under nursery conditions for two years. Morphological, biomechanical, cytological and physiological evaluations were carried out, every 90 days. The longevity of macaúba pyrenes is related to the maintenance of the structural protection of the embryo, tolerance to water deficits, and the control of oxidative stress. Dormancy level is reduced by changes in the biomechanics of the micropylar region: the gradual weakening of resistance tissues (the operculum and germination pore plate) and the increasing growth force of the embryo. Diaspores gradually become competent at perceiving environmental stimuli (especially high temperatures), which favors germination during windows of climatic opportunity in the late austral spring and early summer. Diaspores persisting in the SB contribute to the resilience of natural populations and will be important to the management and enrichment of areas where the species is exploited through extractivism.
