Figure - available from: Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics
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3D simulation results of the motion of the cathode spots with the speed of 30 m s⁻¹, (a) xoy, (b) xoz.
Source publication
In this paper, a three-dimensional cathode spot erosion model is proposed to study the development of cathode spot motion process on the surface of copper cathode. The formation and development process of cathode spots motion without external magnetic field is studied. In this model, energy flux density, pressure, and current value are considered a...
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Photogrammetric and remote sensing studies have a wide range of applications. They are popular data sources for various purposes, including spatial analysis, site and object surveys, and environmental studies. Research aimed at developing an optimal and reliable erosion model requires a specialized and comprehensive approach due to the numerous nat...
Citations
... Similar to above researchers, this paper simulates cathode spots in metal deuteride cathodes, focusing on the formation process of a single cathode spot crater under different conditions, rather than the movement and diffusion of spots on the cathode surface, although the latter is also a significant research direction for cathode spots. 16 Zhang et al. 17 and Askari and Minoo 18 have demonstrated through calculations that the electron emission process is crucial in the analysis of cathode spots. The study of electron emission spans a long history, encompassing various mechanisms and theoretical models. ...
Recent advancements in vacuum arc technology have heightened interest in the evolutionary behavior of cathode spots, particularly in metal deuteride cathodes, due to their critical role in influencing device performance and longevity. Extensive research has elucidated various aspects of cathode spot erosion. A novel two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric swirl model is established to study the impact of different thermo-field emission functions and Nottingham effect on the formation and evolution of cathode spots in metal deuteride cathodes under vacuum arc conditions. Deuterium diffusion equation, Nottingham effect, and two distinct thermo-field emission functions are incorporated in this model. Current simulation results reveal that the Nottingham effect initially acts as a heating mechanism within the first 2 ns before transitioning to a cooling mechanism. Notably, the maximum temperature predicted by the comprehensive electron emission model, proposed by Jensen, consistently surpasses that of the high-intensity thermo-field emission model, developed by Hantzsche. Consideration of the Nottingham effect also reduces the potential on the cathode spot crater surface and increases the velocity of the liquid metal. Additionally, the deuterium desorption rate and total deuterium desorption are strongly temperature-dependent.
... In a sufficiently large calculation domain, the influence of cathode spot on the boundaries is negligible. And the boundary conditions on the lower boundaries, side boundaries and the symmetry axis can be expressed [26]: ...
In order to further understand the formation and development process of cathode spot crater on copper-chromium (CuCr) nanocrystalline alloy electrode in vacuum arc, a new simulation method considering the distribution of different components is proposed. And a two-dimensional axisymmetric model is established to study the effects of different components on the formation and development of cathode spot crater. The differences in physical properties are considered in the model, and the interface between the Cu component and the Cr component is effectively tracked. The distribution, flow, and heat transfer of the Cu and Cr components are simulated. To directly demonstrate the advantages of the method, the simulation results are compared with those adopting the method that linearly combines the physical property parameters according to the weight percentage of components. Simulation result shows that the presence of Cr components has an important influence on the formation and development of cathode spot crater on CuCr nanocrystalline alloy electrode. The effects of different weight percentages of Cr components on the formation and development of cathode spot crater on CuCr nanocrystalline alloys are also studied. The results indicate that with the improvement of Cr component weight percentages, the temperature on the cathode spot crater is increased, and the fluidity of liquid metal is reduced during erosion. Finally, the simulation results have been compared with experimental results of other researchers.
