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This article addresses a stated need within the food justice movement scholarship to increase the attention paid to the political socialization of hired farm hands in industrial agriculture. In Canada, tackling the problem of farm worker equity has particular social and political contours related to the Canadian horticultural industry’s reliance on...
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Background
The recent recognition of the multidimensional features of frailty has emphasised the need for individualised multicomponent interventions. In the context of sub-Saharan Africa, few studies have examined: a) the frailty status of the older population; b) the level of frailty and its health implications and; c) the impact of a nurse-led i...
Citations
... Examples of such processes have been well documented in health and applied social sciences (Harter et al. 2022;Kim et al. 2005;La Fountain-Stokes et al. 2022;Lykes 2006;Minkler and Wallerstein 2011;Shattell et al. 2008;Wallerstein and Duran 2003;Viswanathan et al. 2004), as well as education and ethnic studies (Jolivétte 2015;Torre and Ayala 2009). Recently, CBPAR has been used as a tool to facilitate the sociopolitical development and civic engagement of institutionally marginalized communities (Langhout and Fernández 2015), specifically Latinx immigrant communities in the U.S. (Manzo et al. 2018;Perry 2019). The use of CBPAR to cultivate and support the wellbeing, health, and safety of communities, as well as their leadership and power to wield resources to help them thrive, is a defining aspect of this approach that has allowed for its expansive multidisciplinary development and application. ...
In this paper, we describe a collaborative community-based research project that centered on community members’ lived experiences, which led to the identification of key community issues that resulted in a representative art project in the form of a public mural. Eleven mothers who were long-time residents of the community were the drivers of the issue identification and mural creation. The issues identified, and subsequently depicted in the mural, revealed the importance of the environment in neighborhoods, with residents dealing with encampments, illegal dumping, prostitution, eviction, and gentrification. In the mural Mosaicos de la Comunidad (Mosaics of the Community), a group of madres (mothers) sought to emphasize their shared admiration of art as a form of remembrance of ample food, clean air, and beautiful spaces to live and raise their children. Drawing from the madres’ reflections and written testimonials, this paper describes the collective mural-making process; moving from research-based issues identified by the madres into the mural design stage, including the identification of symbols and their meanings, to the creation and painting, and the culmination with a mural-unveiling celebration. The paper ends with a description of the value of community-based art as a form of resistance and as a reminder to concretize the environmental justice issues and values that are central to community members.
... Beyond localized land use decisions, multiple levels of Canadian government have been highly sensitive to industry lobbying for the ability to hire migrant workers under flexible, employer-friendly terms and conditions (Binford, 2013;Weiler and Grez, 2022). While grower organizations have lobbied against the creation of national housing standards, migrants face significant barriers to participating in decision-making as peers or equals (Mojtehedzadeh, 2020;Perry, 2019). ...
... Food systems governance is an important area of consideration for food and farm labor as it centers questions of power and representation in decision making. Despite a growing recognition of the importance of labor issues in food systems and food movement work (Minkoff-Zern, 2014;Levkoe et al., 2016;Perry, 2019), the 1 We define a food system civil-society organization as a non-governmental and non-profit organization or community group working in the public realm in a food-related area. This could include advocacy groups, membership-based associations, charities and community development organizations. ...
... We specifically wanted to identify what strengths and limitations were observed regarding CSO engagement with labor issues, what governance mechanisms (if any) were discussed in relation to labor, and what roles CSO actors or groups had. An analysis of the literature that focuses on labor within the food system, particularly from a North American perspective, reveals several focus areas, notably migrant labor policy such as the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP;McLaughlin and Weiler, 2017;Weiler et al., 2017); health and safety of migrant workers (Preibisch and Otero, 2014;Weiler and McLaughlin, 2019;Weiler and Grez, 2022); migrant worker residency status, worker education, and worker organizing (Grez, 2006;Jayaraman, 2014;Perry, 2019); labor exploitation (Coplen, 2018;Klassen et al., 2022;Reese and Sbicca, 2022); and collective bargaining and unionization (Foster, 2014;Hall, 2015;Sbicca, 2015). Much of the literature identified migrant labor and specifically migrant farm labor. ...
... In addition, some literature discusses the food movement slowly broadening its focus to look beyond the goal of 'sustainable food' and include workers across the food chain and sustainable food production (Gray, 2013;Lo, 2014). Beyond these focus areas, several themes emerged in the literature, including the invisibility of food and farm workers in food systems discussions (Jayaraman, 2014;Hall, 2015;Coplen, 2018;Lozanski and Baumgartner, 2020); a lack of direct engagement by CSOs with food and farm workers (Lo, 2014;Weiler et al., 2016); initiatives and opportunities for including labor in CSOs food systems work (Lo and Jacobson, 2011;Perry, 2019;Klassen et al., 2023); tensions that influence CSOs in their engagement with workers (Myers and Sbicca, 2015;Perry, 2019); and finally how governance spaces may provide an opening for meaningful action (Klassen et al., 2022). ...
The COVID-19 pandemic laid bare many of societies’ existing social and economic inequalities, one of which is illustrated in the challenges facing food and farm workers across the food chain. Despite this upsurge in public recognition, the circumstances facing food and farm workers remain unchanged, and this lack of action is reflected within the work of food systems-focused civil society organizations (CSO) in Canada. Several authors have noted the lack of recognition of labor issues within food systems work. This paper further explores the nature of this disengagement, particularly in food systems governance work, and identifies barriers to more meaningful engagement and possible avenues to overcome these challenges. Findings draw from a set of 57 interviews conducted from 2020 to 2023 with a range of food system CSO representatives across Canada, examining their understanding of, and engagement in, food systems governance work and their involvement in labor issues (or lack thereof). The paper concludes that though there exists widespread awareness of the challenges facing food and farm workers, and a desire to engage in a more sustained fashion, many food system CSOs have not yet found the tools or pathways to do so on an organizational level. Several discursive openings are identified that offer an opportunity to leverage the heightened awareness of food and farm workers during the pandemic into concrete collective action.
... As a result, migrant agricultural workers are often limited to the mutual support they can provide one another and their families back home (39,53,60). Yet this group often faces poor and substandard housing (2,13,41,44,47,61) that can result in conflict and competition in housing quarters, rather than cooperation and meaningful support (58,62). As a result of these poor conditions, migrant workers may also be more susceptible to harms resulting from climate change and climate disasters (13). ...
... Unfortunately, employers are often viewed by migrant agricultural workers as service gatekeepers, and the power dynamic at play between employers and employees can create new barriers for seeking support (13,47) and reporting abuses by employers (13,41,47,48). For instance, Perry (62) found that workers would censor their concerns and emotions in front of a supervisor, while Preibisch and Otero (3) found that workers would refrain from taking breaks out of concern that it would negatively affect their relationship with their employer. Likewise, Blackman (63) found that farmworkers hid chemical safety concerns from their employers for fear of job loss. ...
Introduction
We carried out a scoping review to examine what previous literature can teach us about practices and possibilities for support services for migrant agricultural workers.
Methods
Following guidelines for scoping reviews as outlined by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) and further refined by Levac et. al (2010) we conducted searches of several databases and two additional searches to capture regions of focus and more current literature. We used a thematic analysis to generate our themes.
Results
Our analysis yielded four key themes: (1) political, economic and legal factors; (2) living and working conditions; (3) facilitators/barriers to navigating services and supports and; (4) potential and existing strategies for social support for migrant agricultural workers. The first two themes pointed more to structural and material conditions that both posed barriers for this population to access supports, but also illustrated vulnerabilities that pointed to the need for a variety of services and protections. Under the third, we highlighted the ways that the design of services and supports, or their degree of accessibility, could shape the level of help available to this population. Lastly, potential and existing strategies for social support discussed in the literature included an emphasis on mental health and wellbeing, occupational health and safety training and documentation, and policy reforms to secure the status and address the precarity of this workforce.
Discussion
While research on social support and service provision for migrant agricultural workers is still in its infancy, a strength of this body of work is its attention to macro-level issues that advocate for strategies that address root factors that shape this group’s health. Further research is required to expand our understanding of social support roles and possibilities across other domains and sectors for this population.
... Estos procesos han sido estudiados desde la perspectiva de las dinámicas migratorias Sur-Norte (De Haas, 2011), como es el caso de las migraciones de personas procedentes de países africanos o latinoamericanos en busca de oportunidades laborales en la agroindustria de países del sur de Europa (Fargues, 2004;Gertel & Sippel, 2014;Corrado et al., 2016) o Norteamérica (Otero & Preibisch, 2015;Weiler et al., 2017). Otros estudios han profundizado en el análisis de los cambios sociodemográficos provocados en las poblaciones de acogida como consecuencia de la llegada de población inmigrante, como es el caso de la fijación o compensación demográfica en poblaciones con crecimientos vegetativos negativos (van Nimwegen et al., 2010;Hugo, 2011), la cobertura de necesidades de mano de obra (Maroukis et al., 2011;Rye & Scott, 2018) o, incluso, la generación de conflictos comunitarios vinculados a los procesos de exclusión social y económica que suele experimentar la población migrante en las sociedades receptoras (Magaña & Hovey, 2003;Laubenthal, 2005;Perry, 2019). Por otro lado, existe otra línea de investigación encargada de analizar la influencia de la agricultura de regadío y su modernización sobre el patrimonio agrícola tradicional, formalmente denominado Sistemas Importantes del Patrimonio Agrícola Mundial (SIPAM) por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO, 2002). ...
La expansión de la agricultura de regadío en el sureste español ha generado un intenso debate en torno a la dicotomía economía vs. medio ambiente del que han quedado tradicionalmente excluidos los criterios sociales. Para afrontar esta carencia, el objetivo de este estudio ha consistido en identificar y visibilizar los principales efectos sociales de la agricultura de regadío, mediante el caso de estudio del área de actuación de la Comunidad de Regantes del Campo de Cartagena. La metodología ha empleado cinco fuentes de datos: revisión bibliográfica, análisis de hemeroteca, análisis de datos secundarios, entrevistas semiestructuradas con actores clave y entrevistas estructuradas con empresas agrícolas. Los resultados se dividen en tres subapartados: a) demografía, que muestra las transformaciones poblacionales asociadas al desarrollo de la agricultura de regadío; b) empleo y distribución de la riqueza, que señala el papel del sector como motor de generación de empleo, y la persistencia de condiciones laborales precarias; c) responsabilidad y legitimidad social, que aborda la crisis de reputación del sector y las medidas de responsabilidad empresarial aplicadas para contrarrestarla. Así, el estudio trasciende el tradicional debate dicotómico, discutiendo la incidencia social del sector del regadío e identificando áreas de responsabilidad para una gestión socialmente sostenible.
... Popular food system sustainability efforts have centred farmers, environmental sustainability, and the concerns of predominantly white middle-class consumers (Smith 2019). Meanwhile, farmworkers' precarity restricts their access to communicative resources to participate as peers in public conversations about food system change, leading to scant awareness of their own political organizing (Madrigal 2017;Perry 2019). Moreover, popular local food and community food security projects have historically neglected to recognize, collaborate, or share resources with parallel alternative food networks led by groups affected by distinct forms of subjugation (Gibb and Wittman 2013;Smith 2019). ...
Craft food and beverage makers regularly emphasize transparency about the ethical, sustainable sourcing of their ingredients and the human labour underpinning their production, all of which helps elevate the status of their products and occupational communities. Yet, as with other niche ethical consumption markets, craft industries continue to rely on employment conditions for agricultural workers that reproduce inequalities of race, class, and citizenship in the dominant food system. This paper interrogates the contradiction between the exaltation of craft cidermakers’ labour and the devaluation of farmworker labour by assessing how craft beverage actors make sense of inequalities facing manually skilled agricultural workers. Through a focus on the emerging craft cider industry, this paper draws on in-depth interviews and ethnographic data with a range of urban and rural cider actors in the Pacific Northwest (British Columbia, Oregon, and Washington State). I find that actors in the craft cider industry engage with inequalities affecting farmworkers through three main patterns: (1) Justifications of the status quo; (2) Supply chain fog; and (3) Misgiving/critique. By using an analytical framework that integrates critical agrarianism and the politics of sight, this study provides insights into both barriers and opportunities to redistribute social recognition and material rewards across food supply chains.
... The main theoretical implications of this study's results are, first, to suggest information-sharing as an important practice of labour in embodied and emotional ways. Embodied labour is often discussed around the physical field and farm work of SAWP enrollees (Perry, 2018;Perry, 2019), but not often, as yet, with regards to knowledge practices occurring within program spaces. The second goal is to extend theories on non-human agency 31 to realms of SAWP and information-sharing studies. ...
... Stakeholders spent substantial time and effort understanding, fulfilling, and troubleshooting information needs, especially in the face of heavy information failures (Nakache and Kinoshita, 2010;Paz Ramirez, 2013;Caxaj & Cohen, 2019). Though information is in many ways immaterial (Elden and Crampton, 2007), there were distinctly embodied, personal, and emotional dimensions to this work, as has been theorized regarding other forms of labour (Wolkowitz, 2006;Paz Ramirez, 2013;Pettinger, 2015;Perry, 2019). Interview participants attest to the emotional and bodily aspects of this labour, standing in parking lots all evening (Participant 4, 2019, NGO), or experiencing the frustrations and joys of the work (Participant 4, 2019, NGO;Participant 5, 2020, NGO). ...
This study examines information-sharing practices within the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP), focusing on the program as it is administered within Ontario. I analyze 61 documents for their content, codification of stakeholder relationships, and discourse regarding the program. Documents were selected based on their creation, use, or circulation within Ontario, and based on the likelihood that at least one stakeholder group would look to the document for (what they perceive to be) reliable information. Documents include, for example, SAWP contracts, webpages describing program requirements, and e-pamphlets on workplace safety and accessing services. Document analysis was supplemented by interviews with industry and service provider experts, which guided interpretation of documents’ significance. I argue that documents function as material actors, alongside (and sometimes beyond) human actors, and make physical impact on SAWP bodies and realities. Documents construct and uphold neoliberal structures surrounding the program by contributing to the creation and sustaining of incomplete, labour-centric individuals. Through consistent sharing of narrow, “work” information, and the rare inclusion of more well-rounded, “non-work” knowledge, documents subtly discipline the boundaries of acceptable and unacceptable communication. In doing so, material actors (alongside other SAWP actors) perpetuate a foreign worker program which does not consider the varied, complex needs of whole persons but, instead, treats them as disposable labouring bodies.
... While on the surface these initiatives may seem to engage with a 'concern for publicness' (Biesta 2012), the external pressures of capital to 'revitalize' urban areas through culture lend these an aura of pseudo-publicness (Warner 2002), and thus do not bring forth the elements of plurality, action and freedom that infuse the public sphere as imagined by Arendt (1958). On the other hand, adult educators interested in developing forms of cultural action (Freire 1995) that both engage with a 'concern for publicness' and which offer alternative visions for living together in urban settings may consider experimenting with collective and grassroots forms of artistic creation, as these can spark a sense of belonging (Clover and Craig 2009) and foster social solidary (Butterwick and Roy 2016;Perry 2019). In what follows, I apply these ideas in an analysis of a small theatre-creation initiative with a group of tenants in the city of Hamilton, Ontario that explored issues surrounding participants' experiences of precarious housing in a rapidly gentrifying post-industrial city. ...
... If approached thoughtfully, community-based artistic initiatives can both capture a 'concern for publicness' as theorised by Biesta (2012, p. 688) and also address the societal oppressions that pervade the public sphere, a concern raised Walter and Earl (2017) and other critical and feminist adult arts educators (Butterwick and Roy 2016, Clover 2005, Perry 2019). ...
This article examines how performance-oriented arts practice with members of socially marginalised communities can be harnessed as a mode of grassroots civic participation, one that can transgress the expected norms of public communication that render some stories and speakers legitimate, and some not. The article will offer an analysis of a community-based theatre project that took place with a small group of high-rise tenants living in the mid-sized post-industrial city of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The project involved bringing together participants at risk of involuntary loss of housing due to increased gentrification. With a view to advancing a theoretical understanding of how adult educators can employ artistic practice to produce critical and public facing community-based pedagogies, the article engages with contemporary discussions related to the arts, public pedagogy and urban rejuvenation.
... A kérdésre a válasz a kapcsolódó szakirodalom áttekintése alapján az, hogy az élelmiszer-igazságosság egy-egy szempontot tekintve elérhetőnek tűnik. Az elmúlt években számos sikeres programot valósítottak meg a különböző élelmiszer-mozgalmak aktivistái például a minőségi élelmiszerek fogyasztói hozzáférése (Meenar-Hoover 2012, Vitiello et al. 2015) és a farmokon dolgozók támogatása (Clendenning et al. 2016, Perry 2019 kapcsán. Azonban ezek részleges célok, amelyek sikeresek a helyi, az ökológiai vagy a kisüzemi termelés és fogyasztás támo-gatásában, miközben ritkán jelentenek megoldást az élelmiszerrendszer tágabban felvethető problémaira (Minkoff-Zern 2017). ...
Az élelmiszerrendszer működése és jellemzői számos kérdést felvetnek az igazságosság szempontjából, köszönhetően elsősorban a nagyüzemi gazdálkodásnak, a foglalkoztatási sajátosságoknak és a kapcsolódó egészségügyi következményeknek. Az élelmiszer-igazságosság ideája az élelmiszerellátási lánc teljességét érinti az ún. „termelőtől a fogyasztó asztaláig” megközelítés keretében. A kérdéskör iránt élénk érdeklődés indult a 2000-es években, ezzel együtt magyar nyelvű publikáció elvétve található a témában. Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy bemutassa az élelmiszer-igazságosság ideáját és mozgalmát, kitérve azokra az aktuális kihívásokra, amelyek a 21. század mezőgazdaságát érintik az igazságosság tekintetében. A tanulmányban áttekintjük az élelmiszer-igazságosságot termelői és fogyasztói nézőpontból, valamint bemutatjuk az alternatív élelmiszerrendszereket, amelyek megoldást kínálhatnak az élelmiszer-termeléshez és fogyasztáshoz kapcsolódó igazságtalanságok megszüntetésére.
... En este sentido, la estructura y operación del ptat representan un dispositivo de poder que tiene consecuencias socioespaciales para los trabajadores agrícolas mexicanos; obstaculiza el ejercicio de los derechos ciudadanos; les impide el acceso a la educación, a la residencia permanente, a la movilidad en el mercado laboral; experimentan dificultades para acceder a los servicios de salud y compensaciones económicas; los aísla geográficamente; y, los excluye socialmente de la participación comunitaria en Canadá (Basok et al., 2012;Cohen, 2019;Cohen & Caxaj, 2018;Hennebry & Preibisch, 2010;Perry, 2018Perry, , 2019 produciendo contextos de trabajo no libre. ...
... En lo referente al ptat, Tanya Basok se pregunta cuál es la ventaja de la fuerza laboral suministrada por el Programa para los granjeros canadienses, ya que resulta costosa debido a los gastos de transportación y al hospedaje. La respuesta radica en que funciona como trabajo no libre, específicamente como mano de obra cautiva, es decir, el trabajador no puede abandonar su empleo en búsqueda de otro, y porque está disponible para cualquier momento de la producción (Basok, 2002;Perry, 2018Perry, , 2019. Pero también es cautiva porque "El empleador dicta y regula en dónde y cómo viven los trabajadores" (Encalada, 2005, p. 17); normalmente la vivienda temporal de los migrantes se encuentra en las cercanías o dentro de la misma granja. ...
... Una forma de resistencia apoyada por redes de capital social en combinación con el capital cultural para lograr una integración comunitaria es el trabajo realizado por Adam Perry (2018Perry ( , 2019, en Leamington, Ontario, quien mediante talleres enseña a los trabajadores agrícolas el uso de técnicas teatrales (Theatre of the Oppressed) para que representen su experiencia laboral en contextos de trabajo no libre y de exclusión social. Es decir, utiliza el arte para crear espacios de resistencia. ...
En el artículo se examina el capital espacial adquirido por los trabajadores agrícolas mexicanos en Canadá como un activo que puede brindarles un poder o una influencia en contextos de trabajo no libre. Se propone pensar el mercado laboral agrícola como un campo bourdiano. Se recurre a un enfoque cualitativo, apoyado en cinco entrevistas individuales y dos colectivas efectuadas en 2011 en granjas y espacios públicos en la zona periférica de la Región de Montreal, Quebec. Fragmentos de las entrevistas permiten observar el espacio como sitio de conflicto y como un tipo de capital que confiere a los trabajadores la capacidad de
agencia para enfrentarse a las relaciones de dominación y subordinación del “campo del trabajo temporal agrícola migrante en Canadá”, así como al aislamiento y exclusión socioespacial. También se observan otras formas de capital como el lingüístico y el social, los
cuales permiten generar y elevar el capital espacial.