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1. The levels of economic ethics (business ethics) as the levels of responsibility: place and subject
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Citations
... For instance, when it comes to business ethics, pressure from external stakeholders often requires accountability from the company. Thus, businesses are involved in the ethical processes in three main levels of business ethics -systemic order, corporate, and individual levels, also called macro-, meso-, and micro-levels (McDonald and Nijhof, 1999;Karmasin and Litschka, 2008;Horodecka, 2014): ...
The never-ending series of ethical scandals in companies in various industries across the countries show that business ethics problems are not diminishing, so means to develop business ethics need to be sought to better serve the interests of stakeholders and society. As in other areas of management, knowledge and understanding of business ethics need to be developed, knowledge accumulated, transferred and applied, and knowledge management models and processes can be applied to this in societal, associative, organizational, and individual levels. Therefore, the aim of the research is to evaluate business ethics knowledge management in order to suggest for companies relevant business ethics knowledge management solutions. The survey is conducted in the case of Lithuanian companies by the method of a quantitative questionnaire survey of companies’ employees. Although the companies demonstrate a high level of ethical knowledge of how to behave in a business environment, the study reveals some gaps in ethical knowledge management related to a mercantilist approach to knowledge management when business ethics knowledge is developed, consolidated, disseminated and applied when corporate representatives see it’s. benefits. However, there is a lack of systematic knowledge sharing and transparency, knowledge accumulation and understanding of how to put ethical knowledge into business in practice. The study show high importance of moral leadership and leading by example in knowledge management of business ethics.
The following study is devoted to the role of the concept of human nature in the development and implementation of sustainable development policy. It’s discussed, whether and how in the time of economic crises, human concepts underlying the heterodox economic schools, could provide a better basis for the foundations of economics (scope, purpose, method) and therefore for the economic policy (its goal, actors and tools). For the purpose of this study three most distinctive, different concepts of human nature are selected, which build the fundaments of behavioral, ecological and humanistic economics – current heterodox economics. These concepts influenced the creation of homo sustinens - a concept created as a basis for sustainable development policy. The concepts of human nature discussed in the paper may have different applications in the sustainable development policy (extending the repertoire of tools, the structure of entities and actors, and better clarification of the goals). Their integration opens up opportunities for the future development of this policy.
