Fig 6 - uploaded by Juergen Pollerspoeck
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1: Nanocetorhinus tuberculatus underwood & schlöGl, 2013 (NHMW 2018/0309/0032; labial view); 2: Raja gentili Joleaud, 1912 (NHMW 2018/0309/0033; female morphotyp; a: lingual view, b: labial view); 3: Rajidae indet. (NHMW 2018/0309/0035; lingual view); 4: Aetobatus arcuatus aGassiz, 1843 (NHMW 2018/0309/0036; lower tooth plate; lingual view); 5: Dasyatis rugosa (Probst, 1877) (NHMW 2018/0309/0037; female morphotyp; lingual view); 6: "scyliorhinid/pentanchid" denticle (NHMW 2018/0309/0039).
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The newly collected shark and ray tooth fossils from the marine sediments of the Upper Marine Molasse close to Allerding (4.8 km SE of Schärding, Austria) allow for a review of the hitherto known diversity comprising a taxonomic update and the documentation of additional taxa. Besides ten taxa already known from the area, the following taxa were co...
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Elasmobranchs represent a well-defined group, composed of about 1,150 species inhabiting diverse aquatic environments. Currently, several of these species have been classified as threaten due to overexploitation. Therefore, we used DNA barcode to identify traded species of sharks and stingrays in the municipality of Bragança (Amazon coastal region)...
Citations
... The Neogene record of the genus Mitsukurina includes two species, M. owstoni, which currently lives in the modern Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans (Compagno et al. 2005), and M. lineata (Probst 1879), known from the Miocene deposits of Europe (Leriche 1927;Cappetta 1975;Kocsis 2007;Pollerspöck et al. 2021), Ecuador (Carrillo-Briceño et al. 2020), Japan (Takakuwa 2006). The dental morphology of the two species is very similar, best distinguished by the presence (M. ...
For the first time, a comprehensive study of the fauna of fossil elasmobranchs from the Miocene Duho
Formation of the Pohang Basin (South Korea) is provided. A new species of kitefin shark, Dalatias orientalis, is
described. The association consists of 14 species, most of which are recorded in South Korea for the first time:
Hexanchus griseus, Dalatias orientalis sp. nov., Mitsukurina owstoni, Otodus megalodon, Parotodus benedenii,
Carcharodon hastalis, ‘Isurus’ planus, Isurus sp. 1, Isurus sp. 2, Cetorhinus huddlestoni, Carcharhinus aff.
C. plumbeus, Carcharhinus aff. C. amblyrhynchos, Carcharhinus aff. C. altimus and Galeocerdo aduncus. The
fauna combines taxa with different ecological and bathymetric characteristics. It is dominated by pelagic
sharks with a high migratory capacity as well as by deep-sea species and inhabitants of the insular and
continental shelves. The ecological and bathymetric features of the assemblage thus indicate a deep-water
paleoenvironment. The recent goblin shark Mitsukurina owstoni is recorded for the first time from the
Miocene epoch.
... The undescribed dalatiid species has only been found in the Ebelsberg Formation of Wallern (Upper Austria, own data) so far and awaits description. Teeth of the genus Etmopterus are general rare within the fossil record and limited to a few localities, e.g., in France (Ledoux, 1972), Switzerland (Bolliger et al., 1995), Germany (Pollerspöck and Straube, 2017), Austria (Pollerspöck et al., 2018;Pollerspöck et al., 2020), and Slovakia (Underwood and Schlögl, 2013). None of the other known Oligocene faunas of the NAFB, e. g., Thalberg Beds (Reinecke et al., 2014), Schöneck Fm. (formerly "Fish Shale", Pfeil, 1981) or Miocene faunas of the upper Egerian Ebelsberg Formation, e.g., at Graben and Traunpucking (Pollerspöck et al., 2018) possess a similar domination of squalomorph sharks. ...
The North Alpine Foreland Basin (NAFB) comprises one of the most complete sedimentary records of the Oligocene and Miocene. Driven by global sea-level fluctuations, vast sedimentary influx and tectonic movement. The locality of Unterrudling near Eferding (Upper Austria) exposes the largest succession of sedimentary deposits from the late Oligocene in the eastern NAFB. Additionally, this section shows the facies transition from the shallow-water Linz-Melk Formation to the deep-water Eferding Formation. In this work, the fossil fauna and flora of the Eferding Formation as well as its lithology are re-evaluated using a multidisciplinary approach to gain new insights into the palaeoenvironment, palaeoclimate, and palaeoecology. A transgressive sequence is documented using sedimentological and ichnological data. Furthermore, a correlation to the late Chattian transgressive Ch-3 sequence is suggested. The impact of rising sea level on marine biota is shown in detail by analysing various groups (Bivalvia, Echinodermata, Anthozoa, Foraminifera, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes), with several newly reported species from the Eferding Formation. Moreover, washed in plant material was analysed for the interpretation of the terrestrial climate indicating mainly humid subtropical conditions. Finally, the presence of phosphatic nodules indicates eutrophication on the shelf environment and the possibility of upwelling currents.
... During the late Oligocene, the North-Alpine Foreland Basin (NAFB) represented a deep, east-west oriented trough constrained between the advancing Alps in the south and the stable Bohemian Massif in the north (Rögl, 1998;Popov et al., 2004). At that time, the marly clay of the Eferding Fm and the lower Puchkirchen Group were deposited in outer neritic to upper bathyal depositional environments (Rupp and Ćorić, 2015;Grunert et al., 2015). ...
... Due to its complex geodynamic setting, the Central Paratethys Sea underwent continuous paleogeographic changes, which affected marine circulation patterns and led to phases of partial or full isolation (Rögl, 1998;Popov et al., 2004;Grunert et al., 2010a). Phases with open marine gateways to the adjacent Proto-Mediterranean Sea provided migration routes for cosmopolitan species into the Atlantic Ocean and -at least until the closure of the Tethys Gateway during the early Miocene (Harzhauser et al., 2007) -also into the Indo-West Pacific. ...
... Therefore, the presence of Nanocetorhinus in the Paratethys during the late Oligocene seemingly evokes two prerequisites, namely, the presence of nutrient-rich surface waters and open marine gateways. The western gateway that opened into the western part of the Proto-Mediterranean Sea across the Rhône Valley was closed during the late Oligocene and the North Alpine Foreland Basin formed a deep marine embayment (Popov et al., 2004). The eastern route across the Thracian Basin, as shown by Rögl (1998), was a very shallow sill (İslamoğlu et al., 2008), which most probably provided an effective barrier for open pelagic organisms. ...
Deep-neritic sediments of the Eferding Formation (Egerian, Upper Oligocene) of Upper Austria from the Kamig kaolinite quarry revealed minute teeth of the putatively planktivorous shark genus Nanocetorhinus. This is the oldest unambiguous record of this rarely documented genus, which was known so far only from Miocene deposits of Europe, North America and Japan. Based on previous studies, which showed a positive correlation between sediments of nutrient rich waters and plankton blooms with a majority of ichthyoliths of Keasius and Nanocetorhinus, we argue for a filter-feeding and migratory lifestyle of the latter. Thus, it is supposed that Nanocetorhinus migrated seasonally for foraging, in a similar way to the extant basking shark Cetorhinus maximus. This mode of life and the wide paleogeographic distribution of the open marine genus Nanocetorhinus requires a deep and fully marine connection between the Paratethys and the Proto-Mediterranean Sea during late Oligocene times, which might have been established via the Slovenian Corridor.
The sandpit near Rengetsweiler (Baden-Württemberg, SW Germany) is a famous locality for fossil shark and ray teeth from the Upper Marine Molasse (Lower Miocene). A total of 21 shark and ray genera were recovered from these sediments (Aetobatus, Alopias, Araloselachus, Carcharhinus, Carcharias, Carcharodon, Centrophorus, ?Dasyatis, Galeocerdo, Hemipristis, Isistius, Isurus, Mitsukurina, Notorynchus, Otodus (Megaselachus), Pachyscyllium, Physogaleus, Pseudocarcharias, Rhizoprionodon, Squatina, ?Triakis) as well as four specimens determinable as cf. Dasyatidae. The genera Araloselachus, Carcharoides, Otodus (Megaselachus), Pachyscyllium, and Physogaleus are extinct; all other taxa have living relatives. Based on extant representatives, the lifestyles of the ancient elasmobranchs range from a bottom-dwelling ambush predator (Squatina) to active swimming ones (Alopias, Carcharodon, Isurus, Otodus). Most of the taxa lived in the neritic realm. Members of Centrophorus, Isistius, Mitsukurina, and Pseudocarcharias are reconstructed as inhabitants of deeper water habitats. Based on Recent representatives and tooth shape, most of the taxa fed on invertebrates and/or fishes. Two taxa were dietary generalists (Galeocerdo, Notorynchus). Otodus fed on marine mammals. Carcharodon and adult Isurus also fed on marine mammals, in addition to fishes. Apart from the genera Centrophorus, Isistius, Mitsukurina, and Pseudocarcharias, the composition of the elasmobranch fauna as well as other fossil remnants and sedimentology indicate a fully marine, warm temperate and shallow water environment at the locality in the Lower Miocene. The normally deep-water taxa probably came occasionally into the shallow sea of Rengetsweiler.
