I'm trying to reproduce the numerical solution given in the paper by Curtis and Beard, Successive collocation: An approximation to optimal nonlinear control, Proceedings of the American Control Conference 2001. But without success. Probably I must have misunderstood a few concept here. I have try solving using Pontryagin's Minimum Principle and Riccati equation. The problem is to minimize the cost J(x_0)=integral_0^10 (x'x + u'u) dt subject to the dynamic dot(x) = [0 , 1; -1, 2] x + [0 , 1]' u and initial condition x_0=[-12 , 20]'. x=[x_1 , x_2]' is the state variable, u the control and prime denote matrix transpose. The answer that I obtain is always 2346.5 but the numerical optimal value given in the paper is J*=2221. Can someone please confirm that the given J* is correct. I consider the final state x(10) to be unspecified, i.e. the co-state lambda(10)=0. Is this correct?

I am looking for citations to validate my concerns about RT-PCR vs western blot for examination of mRNA/protein expression. I am working with a protein that previously had been examined only by mRNA/RT-PCR to determine its tissue expression profile. Prior work had suggested that this protein was ubiquitous, basically being found in every tissue in the human body when examined by RT-PCR. However, the gene encoding the protein is responsible for a neurodegenerative disease, and thus this expression profile did not fit the disease. My lab created and characterized an antibody and our western blot analysis demonstrated that the protein was only found in brain, spinal cord, and testes. I am trying to publish this result and I need a reference that states that RT-PCR and western blots do not always correlate, but I cannot find such a reference easily. Does anyone know of references that compare RT-PCR and western blots? Personally, I think that protein should be the gold standard.

It is exposed the theoretical TPACK about integration of educational technology in the teaching/learning process, reflecting on the need for teachers to have continuous professional development.

We know from the manual that after getting the zooplankton samples from Net, It is needed to filter the samples to remove the salt by distilled water, However, there is no detail method to filter the samples for POC treatment. For example, what kind of seives or filters (GF/F) are used for filtering? what kind of cases were used to transfer these wet samples to oven for drying? How long it will take for the drying? What is the temperature we should keep?

commercial RO

If possible suggest a good book or resource. Thank you!

I have been following the methods of some papers regarding the use of the two reagents but all the papers ignore these little details. I am having some problems with regard to the use of Gram's iodine or Congo red for staining the plates. 1. Some of the colonies wash off after applying the stain, so how do I measure the zone? Did you have this kind of experience? 2. Do I need to discard the stain using Pasteur pipette after the completion of the time (5 minutes for Gram's iodine/15-20 mins for Congo red) before visualizing the zones or can I just leave the stain on the plate while visualizing (taking pictures of halo zones? For Congo red staining, do I need to remove the Congo red before applying the 1M NaCl solution or I should just add it to the CR in the plate already? When I tried removing the stains using Pasteur pipette, the colonies were washing off and some run off with the reagent into the pipette. 3. If the colony washes off and the spot underneath the colony is clear, can that be taken as a sign of CMC hydrolysis. In other words, must the hydrolysis be outside the edge of the colony or it can also be underneath the colony? 4. When I incorporated Congo red dye into the CMC agar (0.1% Congo red), there were no visible halo zones around the isolates while a particular isolate had halo zone with the stain. Do I need to apply any reagent to the agar in order to visualize the zones? I would be grateful for your useful advise. NB: attached pic of colonies washing off.

I found an increase in DNA/RNA quantity in overnight stored samples (at 4C). Is this due to solubility factor or any other reason?

Should we develop TPACK?

Measuring the crypt depth and cell size in poultry

While Wikipedia is more and more popular with students, professors discourage them from using it and bar them from citing it. What are reasons (to cite or) not to cite Wikipedia? Jul 31, 2012

They have been offered by the manufacturer, haven't they? Why do we have to solve them again? How shall we get these parameters by several corner points on a picture? How does one get the K equation? What is relation between camera tracking and cab?

About three months available.

What is consciousness? Is it something that can be defined purely physically, is it something that does not yield to a physical explanation, or do you have an alternative way of explaining what consciousness is?

Small superparamagnetic particles are attracted very slowly towards a magnet, unlike bigger particles which are almost immediately captured near a magnet in an eppendorf and are able to change the solution. I heard uMACS columns are effective but you can only get a final sample more diluted. Can anyone suggest another product/technique?

Hello everyone! I am trying to quantify one human mRNA. Before performing qPCR, I have done regular PCR and had specific PCR products. However the annealing temperature is critical and has to be around 57C. Regular PCR protocol: 1ug Reverse transcription product, 2% DMSO (my cDNA target contains high level of GC), 0.25uM final concentration of each Primers , 200uM of each dNTP,1.5u polymerase and PCR buffer were used in a 25ul final volume. Regular PCR programe: 98C 10min; 36 cycles of (98C 30sec,57C 30sec, 72C 40sec); 72C 10min In regular PCR, I have found that the annealing temperature is very critical. 57C is the best annealing temperature. Then I used the same condition for quantitative PCR (20ul final volume) except the master mix which contains dNTP and polymerase: 1ug Reverse transcription product, 2% DMSO, 0.25uM final concentration of Primers, 0.1uM final concentration of Taqman probe, master mix of Lightcycler Taqman Master. However amplification curve showed very low amplification. I have tried 45cycles of 3 steps methods (98C 30sec,57C 30sec, 72C 20sec and single detection) and 45cycles of 2 steps methods (98C 20sec,60C 1min and single detection). In both cases, specific products of qPCR could be detected in agarose gel but the DNA quantity were quite low. Could you please give me some suggesting to improve the performance of qPCR? And which methods is better, 3 steps methods or 2 steps methods. It is said that annealing and prolongation at 60C can help probe keep binding to template during prolongation... Thank you very much!

Niess et al (2009, p. 18-19) presented a theoretical integration of TPACK in Mathematics teaching/learning, "Mathematics TPACK", organized, with similarity to that proposed by AMTE Technology Committee (2009), in around four areas: 1- Designing and developing digital-age learning environments and experiences – Teachers design and develop authentic learning environments and experiences incorporating appropriate digital-age tools and resources to maximize mathematical learning in context. 2- Teaching, learning and the Mathematics curriculum – Teachers implement curriculum plans that include methods and strategies for applying appropriate technologies to maximize student learning and creativity in Mathematics. 3- Assessment and evaluation – Teachers apply technology to facilitate a variety of effective assessment and evaluation strategies. 4- Productivity and professional practice – Teachers use technology to enhance their productivity and professional practice.

I am attempting to construct a DNA library for paired end sequencing using the illumina y-shaped adapters. An issue we are currently having is that we run into a lot of adapter dimers when we add the sequencing adapters and then run PCR to amp up the library. We are adding the adapters to MmeI digested DNA which have a cut site of NN. Other sequencing approaches don't have this issue as they can remove the 5' phosphate group of the adapters to prevent dimeric binding. With the Illumina adapters though, due to their non-complimentary y-shape, this would result in the loss of one half of the adapter pair as there would be no complementary sequence to hold it in place before nick translation can repair the DNA backbone. I am wondering if anyone has designed their own adapters which do not follow this y-shape. Alternatively has anyone derived a method to overcome this issue of adapter dimers.

I applying IBA and NAA in diffrent concentration (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 , 2 mg/l IBA and 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 NAA and combinatiom of IBA + NAA 0.2, 0.3, 0.4).

Hi every one, I want to categorize a score variable to 3 groups, I know how to do it by median to 2 part but not to 3 part. do you know should I do it in SPSS?

I've synthesized silver nanoparticles via sonochemistry. In addition to the well known peak around 400 nm, I've observed another one around 220 nm which do not correspond to any of the reagents used. Could it be the morphology of the nanoparticles? Based on this, spheroid silver nanoparticles exhibit a peak around 400 nm and rod-like nanosilver shows two peaks or so I've read. Could it be a mix of morphologies?

I have a cytidine•HCl analog, and would like to do some chemistry on it, but the HCl is limiting my solubility in organic solvents. I would like to remove the HCl, but the kicker is the subsequent reaction must be done in the absence of water. NaOH will give me NaCl, but then I would need to remove the salt from the solution. AgNO3 precipitates AgCl, but leaves the NO3 anion. Please note, this is a cytidine analog that is not commercially available, so purchasing it without the HCl is not an option.

This for experimental assay in lab.

I'm studying identity shift in people with an acquired facial disfigurement using ethnographic narrative methods and analysis techniques

I know its a broad question but I am searching for list of plants with their Oxygen generating and Carbon dioxide absorbing capacities!

I need a virus expressing a GFP tag in any protein in order to determine which cells have been infected. If anyone knows any methods for detecting influenza virus infection in live cells besides GFP tagging, that would also be very helpful.