Can you tell me which type of method your are developing in your UPLC system.? Then I can give some suggestion.

Indeed, the USGS NWIS database will be redesigned into Aquarius software over the next 5 years. Not a simple task and far from free. Because each Regional Council and national institutes all have their own databases, it seems like it might be an opportunity to try to link or have a common format for databases from individual entities. Certainly a discussion with the other database holders might help determine a direction either for Hawkes Bay or for al or most of the water data information groups?

It is not mandatory to be in the Social Media, but it might be interesting as long as you have specific goals in mind. Your goals will determine the more suitable social network, the kind of followers you will be looking for and the kind of messages you will send. Are you looking for private investors? New fellows? A more informed society? Contents and strategies might be very different depending on your targets. I would like to congratulate you for giving a chance to this communication channels. Internet is full of opportunities if you are able to shape them properly.

Thank you. This site is very helpful. This corresponds to the answer by Tarun Aseri. The interface through SoDa is easier to use than that from the eosweb. I find now 5.3 kWh/m2 as an avearge. This is pretty far from the 4.6 from 3Tier.

Thank you, Sebastiaan. I am running it on my tablet.

When it comes to interaction of electrons or other particles,I believe that issue will involve time correction, which is part of my research. Neither Newton nor Einstein asserted their beliefs about time and space as explained w.r.t to energy or momentum. Where time is perceived or measured may be a factor. When time approaches an instantaneous change or 0 with reference to a vector an interaction or time correction that already may exist will occur again. However if time approaches 0, then is matter necessarily destroyed then? According to thermodynamics, matter is neither created nor destroyed. There may be a lot of future research involved.

You can try using alcohol - water mixture to sterilise your protein. While ethanol may cause some aggregation (Biochemistry. 2003 Mar 11;42(9):2720-30; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10876634_Conformational_behavior_and_aggregation_of_alpha-synuclein_in_organic_solvents_modeling_the_effects_of_membranes) that can be adjusted and may be reversed.

John, You said, <<awareness lacks the process of meaning.>> A bacteria can sense or be awared a sugar gradient and it has a direct feeding meaning. All life is goal/meaning oriented. All forms of perceptions in humans is closely linked to their meaning (affordance). Perception is not done in a passive way, it is part of an action that has a purpose connected to the needs and the situation of the organism. What you perceive of a situation is really not separate from the situation and its meaning for you. If you need to defend your life agains an agression, you perceive everything in the light of a potential weapon, or obstacle, etc...

Thank you for all your answers. It is such an honor to be answered and to be corrected by educators like you. I am learning so much from all of you. Thank you once again :)

Hello! Reading all the answers in this discussion has widened my view on the matter and has actually increased my enthusiasm to answer this question with my own opinion. I think, that climate change in a regional or local scale usually changes more often than not. A certain area could experience a great increase in climate change during certain amount of time. Although the changes in climate at the local level is variable, it can be predicted. However, on a global scale, climate change may have affected the biosphere but only slightly because as Stuart Ali has previously stated, buffers, like the ocean could stabilize the change in climate.

ok, I will try it Hasan Mahmud. Thank you very much for the help!

I am responsible for inactivated avian influenza antigens and antisera production in Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science. We would like to help you with your antigens & antisera need and share the information about influenza virus characterization. You could contact us via email to : ayam_ammar@yahoo.com

I believe that any discussion about works of art and its effect on society will always yield limited fruits, since we feel the effect of beautiful music and we know better how to live because of aesthetic experiences, but we find it difficult to put it into words. Words are mostly inferior modes of expression, but they are in many cases the best/only ones we have. Concerning the effect of art on society we in South Africa had a very interesting case when an artist named Brett Murray painted a highly controversial picture of our President Jacob Zuma in Lenin position with exposed genitals. This was displayed in a local art museum. It caused a storm, the painting was damaged with paint and had to be removed after huge pressure from the parties involved. I don't want to express an opinion about the whole debacle, but as a researcher in the artistic field I was encouraged to observe the dramatic effect a single (rather mediocre?) painting could have on society - we almost had a war because of it! (I'm exaggerating, of course, but not a lot....) You should google "Jacob Zuma Spear painting" and see for yourself ...

Whether biological differences alone affect male/female behavior is a question without a lever attached.... It cannot be scientifically approached in a direct manner because human beings, human development, and human evolution are inextricably bounded by the nature of the human being. Modern and historical human beings are irretrievably cultural AND physiological beings. This biological versus cultural debate only has one answer that is certain: BOTH. While it seems fairly obvious that cultural traditions now pass along many/much of our gender/sex-linked behavior patterns, there may well be biological foundations for some of these cultural patterns. Differences by gender/sex in physical size and bio-chemical makeup of the pre-historic human, for example, may very well explain the generally more domineering and violent patterns found in modern human males...not unlike many other primates. Culture has the potential of being either or both amplifier and damper of what has come before.

Thanks to all respondents who are making this discussion interesting and worth following.

I think the question addresses an interesting point. In my humble opinion, much depends on how you define a 'Biome', i.e. how well vegetation types in future will be assigned to modern biomes. Maybe the paper written by Steve Jackson and Jack Williams some years ago (see Jackson, S.T. & Williams, J.W. (2004) Modern analogs in Quaternary paleoecology: Here Today, Gone Yesterday, Gone Tomorrow? Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 32, 495–537.) could offer some insights into this problem?

I'm with Vittorio and John. With a phosphoric-acid flux you can soft-solder most stainless steels (304L for sure) and I've used it as a vacuum seal in UHV before to join SS to copper, and also to blank off 'novel' strange ports with copper discs. In a pinch, Naval Jelly (a rust-removing acid-based compound) suffices with a plain 25W iron and 60:40 lead tin. Wash well, IPA, water, rinse repeat. Dry well.

It uses a youth culture, and how culture takes for cryopreservation ?!

Thanks again Professor!

Hello Jonathan, Always provocative :) I followed all the discussion here (logically not given to read all) did not seem to have doubts that education should be efficient. The problem that many of us discuss here was that efficiency talk ... As for the test, I think that countries are sometimes quite distant points (depending on who compared), which influences what we want to measure. What interests us here in Brazil to measure, may no longer be as useful in OECD countries, for example. Here in Brazil we are still very concerned about measuring the quality of education to ensure quality and equity levels we consider primordial being secured in a society of law, which have been achieved in various places of the world, but here is still a problem. However, when we overcome it, I think a new standard tests may be measuring what kind of people we are forming and what the human quality of our processes of schooling (education). Maybe in some places already can try other test standards. Maybe that kind of multiple intelligences our students are developing? What skills and competencies for the twenty-first century our students are succeeding in developing? As for the impact of a teacher ... maybe that can never be measured. How to measure the impact of a teacher who stood in front of students to protect them at school yesterday hit by a tornado in Oklahoma (USA)? What a teacher taught it to their students? What is the impact of a teacher who develops a sense of social responsibility in their students? And one who teaches the aesthetic sense? And one that is as ethical teaching his students with his own example? Perhaps our social role is much larger than teach, is not it? And it broadens our efficiency problem ... we may have to discuss the efficiency in forming ethical people, responsible, compassionate, truthful, citizens in the fullest sense of the word, among a huge list of things so we can build. Perhaps these are things that really matter, the end of everything ... and never give it our tests actually measure account :) Meanwhile we also measured other things that can not be discarded in the process of management and education that are very important for the development of our educational policies. A hug, S.

Very nice paper, thank you!

Hello Patrisha, The short answer to your first question is "yes". The interbreeding of Euasian Homo sapiens and Neandertals, with the resulting composition of the modern Eurasian gene pool having up to 4% contribution from Neandertal (as Dola noted above) is just one example of this process. It is referred to as "incomplete lineage sorting" or "incomplete lineage separation" (ILS), and has undoubtedly occurred many times duing the evolutionary history of H. sapiens. Another example of ILS in the ancestry of H. sapiens that was only recognized in 2010 (just months after the publicationof the Neandertal genome) is the contribution of a hominin population now known as Denisovans -- named for Denisova Cave in southern Siberia, where fragmentary hominin remains discovered in 2010 proved to have a DNA signature that was neither that of H. sapiens nor Neandertals. The Denisovan genome was subsequently sequenced in full; it turns out that the DNA of indigenous human populations in southeast Asia, peoples of adjacent southeast Asian islands, Papuans (indigenous peoples of Papua-New Guinea and Irian Jaya), and Australian Aborigines have genomes composed of up to 6% Denisovan DNA (see: http://www.nature.com/news/new-dna-analysis-shows-ancient-humans-interbred-with-denisovans-1.11331 ). The recent sequencing of the lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) genome (March 2012) revealed yet another apparent, and unexpected, case of ILS at a more distant point in the phylogeny of H. sapiens. Side by side by side comparisons of the modern human, chimpanzee, and gorilla genomes revealed that for 70% of the genomes, the corresponding sequences of the human and chimpanzee genomes were more similar to each other than either was to the gorilla genome (as would be expected for a phylogeny where humans and chimpanzees shared a more recent common ancestor with each other than they did with the gorilla). In the other 30% of the genomes, however, roughly half (15% overall) of the sequences showed greater similarities between human and gorilla genomes, and the other half (15% overall) showed greater similarities between the gorilla and chimpanzee genomes. The commentary in "Nature", by Richard Gibbs and Jeffrey Rogers that accompanied the publication of the gorilla genome (attached), gives an excellent explanation of the effects that ILS can have on the genomes of the species lineages that experience incomplete sorting.

I have written an R function to calculate any quantile of the Watson's U^2 statistic for circular data (page 104 of Mardia and Jupp 2000). Here you go: # To find the upper quantile of Watson's U^2 statistic for circular data # Mardia and Jupp (2000) - page 104. find.c <- function(p=0.95,ftol=1.e-07, max.iter=100) { i <- 1 del <- 1.0 c.l <- 0.01 c.u <- 1.0 f1 <- infsum(c.l,p) f2 <- infsum(c.u,p) while ( min(abs(f1),abs(f2)) > ftol & i <= max.iter ) { c.new <- (c.l + c.u) /2 f.new <- infsum(c.new,p) ifelse( f1*f.new < 0, {c.u <- c.new; f2 <- f.new}, {c.l <- c.new; f1 <- f.new}) i <- i+1 } list(c=c.new, err=f.new, neval=i) } ########################################## # Computing the infinite sum required to find "c" in the direct method infsum <- function(c,p) { sum <- 0. i <- 1 fact <- 1 del <- 1 while (del > 1.e-07) { del <- exp(-c*pi^2*2*i^2) sum <- sum + fact*del i <- i + 1 fact <- -fact } return(p - 2*sum) } ####################################### Best, Ravi