DMF is a vital solvent to obtain single crystal metal-organic frameworks but it is hydrolysed in the presence of metal ions even at mild temprature (85 C) conditions. How can somebody prevent it from hydrolysing? Or, is the problem that even if the hydrolysis occured, how can one get rid of the hydrolysis products (formate ions) from the reaction media?

I would like to know its working principle.

We know from the manual that after getting the zooplankton samples from Net, It is needed to filter the samples to remove the salt by distilled water, However, there is no detail method to filter the samples for POC treatment. For example, what kind of seives or filters (GF/F) are used for filtering? what kind of cases were used to transfer these wet samples to oven for drying? How long it will take for the drying? What is the temperature we should keep?

John Holland in his books on Hidden Order (1995) and Emergence (1998) shows that a small number of rules or laws can generate systems of surprising complexity, but concludes on saying that it is a difficult question, and one that will require sustained efforts over a long period. For me, I wonder if such an analysis can explain some results obtained with mulitilevel analysis (see the joined chapter of Courgeau, 2007): How may a behaviour measured at the individual level be opposite to the same behaviour measured at a more aggregate level?

As we know the aryl protons generally have a more chemical shift's value or they are said to be deshielded by the diamegnatic anisotroty of the ring, when benzene is placed in the magnetic field the pie electron are induced to circulate around the ring or produces ring current, the moving electron generate a magnetic field, this magnetic field influence the shielding of the benzene proton. My question is, like in the figure in attachment which describes the magnetic anisotropy of benzene, the electrons are moving in clockwise direction hence causing deshielding of the benzene proton, but is it necessary that these delocalized electrons will circulate only in clockwise direction?. because if they circulate in anticlockwise direction the effect will get reversed, ie, the protons will get shielded instead of getting deshield.

I am interested for Electron microscopy for my Bacterial sample. I want information regarding the various institutions in india offering this service at reasonable rate.

The cut bands of DGGE gel are going to be subjected to PCR. These cut bands are in sterile water. After spin downing, the supernatant will be used for PCR. Currently these samples are stored at 4oC.

If one cannot afford techniques like AFM and other Profilometric investigations, how will one find out the thickness of a polymer thin film? Can we guess the thickness by knowing the molecular weight, viscocity of the solution and the rpm of spin coating?

From the thermoreceptors to thermoTRP channels, the literatures typically specify their responding range/characterastics in terms of temperature. I guess it is because the researchers typically used "temperature stimuli", that is, thermal stimuli that are specified in terms of temperature, as the experimental stimuli. However, I wonder whether the thermoreceptors or the thermosensory neurons really respond to "temperature" or if it is possible that they actually respond to the the "heat" that flow through them. Consider what happens physically when a temperature change is applied to the skin surface. The thermoreceptors are located below the skin surface. When a temperature change is applied to the skin surface, the temperature difference between the skin surface and the skin layer at which the thermoreceptors located creates heat flow. Thus, for the thermoreceptors, they not only encounter a temperature change but also a newly created heat flow. If we look at the neural resopnses, a sudden change in skin temperature, e.g. a temperature step, typically causes a transient overshoot in discharge freqency followed by adaptation to the new static freqency. Consider the heat transfer winthin the skin, the rate of temperature and thus the heat flow are maximum at the moment of stimulus application and reach a steady state value afterwards. So to me, the neural responses seem to correspond well with the the heat flow. I wonder if researchers familiared with this topic can give their comments.

I need a reliable source of images (a database or something similar) that contains the image and the identification of some plants.

In mechanically ventilated patients, how often and how do you deduce the PEEP value while monitoring central venous pressure via central venous lines? One way, that i have been taught, is to subtract the PEEP value above 5 from the actual measurement of CVP. Does this hold true for patients with ARDS or with widespread alveolar/interstitial disease?

On my proposal research I wrote that in vivo anti-inflammatory effect will be determined in plasma and peripheral white blood cells by using ELISA method. I want to try other method for cytokines estimation.

I don't want the entire kit for cloning, instead I wish to buy only the vector i.e. TA cloning vector. Does anyone have any suggestions?

I'm doing some studies to see how different influential novels affect people of varying ages and though I have some good titles, I would love some feedback on what novels changed your life and how

I would like to measure how much information is actually leaving the eye/retina towards the optic chiasm, thalamus and/or occipital lobe. Can you think of a tool/method/technique?

I am trying to culture and differentiate PC12 cells in an open-faced PDMS microchannel. I have had success differentiating PC12 cells with NGF in culture dishes by coating with poly-L and collagen type IV. However, when I am having problems doing this in the PDMS microchannels. I seed the undifferentiated cells in the channels for 2-3 days prior to adding 100 ng/mL of NGF to the media. The channels are submerged in a dish with DMEM supplemented with 1 % pen/strep, 10 % horse serum and 5 % FBS (culture media) and/or DMEM with 1 % horse serum and 1 % pen/strep (differentiating media). The undifferentiated cells survive in the channels/divide, but there is no growth of dendrites with the NGF is added, even after 7 days. I add 100 ng/mL of NGF and change the media every other day. If anyone has tried something similar and could offer some advice, I would appreciate it!

Is an open access journal without any impact factor equivalent to a full research article/ publication? e.g Advances in Microbiology

I use to prepare my medium a weight of sucrose per Liter, but I don't understand when talk me about percent (%) , for example: sacarose 2% w/v. Can you explain me?

What is the impact on the performance of the classifier if training and testing data are not independent, in the sense that what if training and testing data show correlation between them?

The trough serum levels of the pharmacologically active metabolite of a drug often follow lognormal distribution in a population even when the distribution of the serum levels of the parent drug show the Gaussian pattern. I would like to find out what the underlying mathematical reasons and the pharmacokinetic mechanisms of this phenomenon are.

How to elute a protein band of interest from SDS-PAGE or NATIVE-PAGE gel ?

I am designing a study to investigate neuromuscular function in two different muscle groups in untrained individuals; one that is predominantly fast twitch, and one that is a similar mix of slow and fast twitch. The quadriceps seem to be a good option for latter, but struggling on the former. I have seen authors state that the Triceps Brachii are predominantly fast twitch but can't find many references specifically documenting this. Can any body recommend some good references documenting the mean +/- SD of fiber types of different muscle groups in untrained (not sedentry) humans? I appreciate SD will be fairly large for most muscles.

Newton introduced differential equations to physics, some 200 years ago. Later Maxwell added his own set. We also have Navier-Stokes equation, and of course - Schroedinger equation. All they were big steps in science, no doubts. But I feel uneasy, when I see, for example in thermodynamics, differentiation with respect to the (discrete!) number of particles. That's clear abuse of a beautiful and well established mathematical concept - yet nobody complains or even raises this question. Our world seems discrete (look at STM images if you don't like XIX-th century Dalton's law), so perhaps we need some other mathematical tool(s) to describe it correctly? Maybe graph theory?

I found garnet inclusion trails in clinopyroxene, in a garnet clinopyroxenite xenolith. I could not find mention of this in any literature. Is there anyone who has seen something like this before? Or read about a similar situation?

Looking for practical formal methods that are in use today.

I'm a professor from a brazilian university and this question is always made. In different courses, I had already worked with Pascal, Scheme, C and Java. What do you think about them? Would you have any other suggestion?

Delayed referral and hence delayed diagnosis are two main factors that worsen the prognosis of oral cancer. How does being a non-smoker female contribute to this fact?

I started learning about Python 15 days ago and I'm a little bit confused whether it is a programming language or scripting language. I am thinking it is a programming language because it contains Exception, RE, Networking etc. However I thought scripting languages could not contain features like Networking,Exception etc.

How can the wireless network capacity be characterized with multiple Tx-Rx links with vertical and horizontal co-channel deployment?

I have made a GUI in python and made it a standalone. But now when I double click it, there flashes a dos window but the GUI doesn't appears. It appears when I start that program in the default folder, where it is created by default, but it doesn't works when I paste it on desktop. I want it to work without any dependencies, please help.