I tried diferent glycerol concentration and I agree with Linda Hanson in the most of the case 10% is ok,

Fortunately There is a huge amount of software. For analysis use any of the below. Most are free. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_network_analysis_software if your want an urban experience evaluation tool (actually observing people ) then I would say you need people Watcher ( https://itunes.apple.com/gb/app/people-watcher/id523155791?mt=8 )

we can use 60% alcohol also to decrease rate of evaporation. That will be more cheaper. Even in absolute alcohol, we will be able to dissolve chemical/ toxins more easily, or we can increase it til 80% also, why 70% we are using?

Thank you Daniel for you answer. I finally know! Do you know perhaps know if there was any differences in the methods used in the gathering of gene expression for either collection ie MGC or DDBJ. The reason why i ask is that sometimes i find mRNA sequences for some splice variants of genes in one collection but not in the other.

Very closely related to your question, there recently was an article published by Natalie Wolchover titled, "Science & God: Will Biology, Astronomy, Physics Rule Existence of Diety?". It's premise was that the more man figures out on his own the less he needs a belief in a higher being and can take care of the problems that beset man. I was thrown back by the premise of this article, because in my experience in 65 years old of living, learning with six advanced degrees, and a lifetime of teaching and experience, I find that the more we know the more we do not know, and there MUST be an unseen power behind the order of an otherwise chaotic universe. In other words, although I think man has heaped upon himself a lot of nonsense religious beliefs that are simply not true, and have distorted and changed the religious record to fit his own purposes--some of it out of evil intent, most of it ignorance--that the pure record that there is a God love and mercy, heavenly parents from which man springs and every life, including plants and life, is divine in their own right emanating from a higher source. In this way, for instance in my own religious belief, we are only to love one another, and practice charity, service, forgiveness, and not spend out time "settling scores" or trying to seize something from another that does not belong to us...that we need always to weight decisions in an ethical frame, peace, prosperity, and harmony being the outcomes when we do. As someone on one of the blogs said the other day, "the Bible--a collection of many records and a smattering of the actual records kept--contains God's commandments to men and the story of man's diviine relationship and purpose, it also contains man's failings, treachery, and sins in abiding by those edicts. Good vs bad permeate the record, with the bad usually winning out in this life, but the good always trumping bad in the end. I feel that science proves there is a God and that the more we know, the more we need to know, and the more we need the spiritual side of life to put meaning and purpose in this mortal existence.

There is an ongoing debate about whether current extinction patterns actually reach the level of a "mass extinction", as compared to previous mass extinction events in the history of life on earth (i.e., shown by the fossil record). Some would likely suggest that it is modern humans who have initiated the present accelerated loss of species, but it seems hard to know when all this started, as we lack enough quality data on global species richness and extinction rates for pre-historical times as well as for modern times. Thus, in my opinion, trying to put a starting point to the so-called 6th mass extinction process would be going a little too far. You may find useful the recent article by Barnosky et al. (Nature 471: 3 March 2011), in which the evidence is critically assessed after providing a more precise definition of "mass extinction". Current rates of extinction are unprecedented, but the absolute magnitude of the whole event may still not reach the level of previous mass-extinction events.

Cobus, The other route to think about is purchasing a used system. The way the GE systems are made a used system should be as good as new, relatively speaking. And the cost savings would allow you to get the system you want, and still save money. I have bought equipment from Marshall Scientific at 1/3 the list price and it was like brand new, they have some Akta's listed (http://www.marshallscientific.com/SearchResults.asp?Search=akta+fplc&Submit=). Here is is another supplier (have no experience with them but they have lots of Akta systems): http://www.sci-support.com/categories/AKTA-fplc.html?gclid=CKWp37rzpLcCFU1p7AodgwIA_A. Lab-X is another potential source.

What are the aims and scope for the new journal?

Yes, I publish articles but mainly science-based research. Publishing article involves systematic and painstaking arrangement of your reasearch outcomes in such a way as to pass the information to the wider world. It is easy but needs a careful articulation of facts.

Hi everyone, First of all, I thank everyone who are contributed in this post. I apologize for any confusion caused because of the fact that my question is ambiguous since I related my question with rms value. Let me explain this in detail. I hope you are all aware of total frequency components and Fundamental frequency components of AC supply. I'm not talking about the relationship between Peak, RMS, Avg value of voltage and current but I'm talking about the all three of two different frequency components. Very simple example to illustrate this, In 3 phase square wave inverter (180 deg mode of operation) RMS line-line voltage (Total frequency component ) = 0.8165 * Vs RMS line-line Voltage (Fundamental frequency component) = 0.7797 * Vs *Total frequency component is the one which Includes all the frequency components *Fundamental frequency component is the one which Includes only the fundamental frequency component Similarly for 1 phase full bridge inverter, RMS line-line voltage (Total frequency component) = Vs RMS line-line Voltage (Fundamental frequency component) = 0.9 * Vs for 1 phase half bridge inverter, RMS line-line voltage (Total frequency component) = Vs/2 RMS line-line Voltage (Fundamental frequency component) = 0.45 * Vs Now when we consider the 3 phase inverter with sine-pwm, we don't have these two values, RMS line-line Volt (Fundamental frequency component ) = 0.612 * m * Vs where is the RMS line-line voltage (Total frequency component) ? We can still find the total frequency component value by mathematical derivation, it is not a big deal and also I don't need to know how to find this. But I wonder, why are we not considering this value in Sine-pwm but in other inverters that I discussed above? I just need to know why are they just Ignoring it. I never found any one spoke about this or in any textbooks available for power electronics. Please let me know if you guys found something interesting about this. Thank you all for your sincere contribution. - Goutham Selvaraj

Thalidomide as it is a reserve drug, and to be used in dentistry it is also far flung option keeping in mind the serious side effects as Majda pointed out, clinician has to keep the risk-benefit ratio in mind. I wish you the very best Najla in managing this case and pls keep this case updated. This will really help the people out here on this forum a lot.

However, if you decide to use your own method I would use a standard Tris/EDTA/NaCL/SDS extraction buffer and bead beat (zirconium beads) your sediment first. Then incubate with lysozyme (check incubation conditions online) followed by an o/n incubation with proteinase K at 50 degr C. Then extract with PCI 25:24:1 pH8, and precipitate your DNA with 100% ethanol in the presence of NaCl. Wash your pellet with 70% DNA, centrifugate again, dry the pellet and dissolve it in TE pH 8. Your DNA will still be super dirty but you can clean it with the MoBio power clean DNA clean-up kit. Further dilution (~10x or more) of your sample prior to PCR might still be necessary to avoid PCR inhibition. Of course details are missing such as concentrations and incubation times but these are all pretty standard and you can find that info online. The benefits over the use of the MoBio power soil DNA extraction kit (my earlier answer) is that you can play around with sample volume and perhaps improve the extraction efficiency via the enzymatic treatments (which are not part of the MoBio kit). However, in my experience your own method is not per se cheaper than a commercial kit because the costs of ingredients and consumables do add up.

I haven't experienced SPSS crashing with large sample sizes but it does have limitations compared to SAS. In my mind, SPSS language is a bit less robust than SAS's and there definately are procedures that SAS can do that SPSS cannot. If you have limited needs then SPSS is fine. Otherwise, I'd commit to learning either SAS (especially, if it's paid for) or R (I've never used it but others in my group think very highly of it)

I am not used to work with mouse spleen cells. i work with human lymphocytes (PBMC). Usually, I label lymphocytes (or PBMC) ten milion of cells/ml with 1micromolar of CFSE for 15-30min at 37°C in complete medium (RPMI1640 plus 10% FCS). I think you can do it also in an appropriate buffer without FCS, but you should test which is the best condition for your purposes. After the incubation time, I make 4 washes with complete medium at RT and before the last one I rest cells for 10-15min at RT. Then, I use the cells in my experiments seeding 100.000 cells/well (96wells plate U-bottomed). Please take into account that CFSE can go outside of labelled cells thus it is difficult to get the same staining (evaluated at FACS) you got the first day just after the labelling. To maintain the same staining you should put the cells 24h in incubator (at 37°C) and then the day after whash tem and use them in your experimental setting. For human cells this is OK, I do not know if it is the same for mouse cells. I am not used to perform experiments with beads because usually in PBMC you have also APC and thus it is not necessary to stimulate cells with anti-Cd3 and anti-Cd28. Usually, using 10-50ng/ml of anti-Cd3 you get a good stimulation in 3-5 days, you can also add IL2 but I think it is better do it after at least 24-48hrs after stimulation to boost proliferation.

Habitus should not be conceptually treated, or being conceived in terms of, field. Habitus is a pattern of an actor doing things habitus ( akin to Aristotelian hexis) with regard to his or her bodily movements, personal dispositions and aesthetic tastes, for instance, pop music fans and opera concert-goers. The formation of a field, according to Bourdieu, is an resultant aggregation of these habitual disposition in objective, codified structure of social relations, like the social etiquette in an operatic performance. In some instances, some aggregated and changing habitus can make subsequent changes, or completely topple, like Pavarotti singling popular songs, but his act did not change any conception of classical music was (and is) a high-class marker for the rich and the educated. Bourdieu coined this in an awkward phrase called 'structuring structures' between this intricate connection between field and habitus. As regards your question, I think you should pay primary attention to the youth at-risk whether their habitus is objectified in social relations with others or not, and the formation of a field that subsequently comes in force and defines such habituated practices as 'normalcy' or'deviance'. For further reference, please consult Derek Robbins, Bourdieu and Culture (Thousand Oaks CA: Sage, 2000), 24-41.

From your question it seems you want to perform hot work in a confined space. The issue with the scaffold is not such a problem if it is properly constructed and certified. If using a scaffold is not safe, then you can employ the use of safety harnesses. You should be more concerned with issues like the type of fluid the vessel handles if it is already in use, permanent gas monitoring, need for vacuum extraction for continual replenishment of air, standby retrieval means and a system of regulating amount of time spent in the vessel.

Close-up of 'spore'

I AM SURE you are aware of the imperfect Microsoft Word spelling and grammar checker. It can, of course, not only find misspelled words but also grammar errors. So, your last example would get two flags: unnecessary preposition and missing third-person "s" (give -> gives). But since language is made and developed by societies, it is not logical; and, therefore, it lacks strict computability. So, I AM NOT SURE that we have (or can come to) a perfect system you are asking for.

This problem is a great one, every biostatistician has seen many times. Biological and statistical significance do not signify the same thing. You can have one and not the other. In order to simplify, and as it is much difficult to explain biological one, one uses statistical significance. Anyway, one uses statistical signficance in order to simplify the problem. It is not at all astonishing that a complex science such as biology is not explanable by simple statistics. Using statistics in biology gives ideas to understand biology, but is clearly unsufficient to explain biological phenomenas.

You can certainly buy it, but if it is covered by patents, you will not be able to commercialize it without entering into a licensing agreement. You'll need a tech transfer or patent lawyer for this. To make your own plasmid you'll need replication origin, polyA signal, promoter sequence, antibiotic gene for selection. You might be able to use BioBricks (http://biobricks.org/) for open licensed parts to build your plasmid. This may reduce your ability to patent and monetize your product downstream, though. If expression in bacterial proves difficult, you might try baculovirus expression in insect cells. Easily scalable, eukaryotic system that more easily expresses mammalian proteins with post-translational modifications - important for function in some proteins. And, most importantly, talk to a lawyer before trying to start something commercial. You don't want to infringe someone's patent before you have a product.

The rare-disease assumption is not needed when estimating effects from case-control studies. When e.g. samling controls longitudinally from the source population (matching the person-time to case occurence) the OR is a direct estimate of the indicence rate ratio, all according to Rothman, Greenland and Lash. Further, they say that the misconception about rare-disease assumption for case-control studies stems from the cumulative design which was standard before the 1970's (where controls were selected from noncases at the end).

Actually there might be some situation in which the robot moves under some chair, table or some other furniture and not able to look at the ceiling. If the laser pointers are moving then it is possible that it may look the spots ultimately. Also if the robot reaches the corner of the room, it is possible that it will miss the spots of laser pointers. I want the laser pointers to move so as to make the range larger and make the camera view wider.