Hello. This is always a trick question. For instance, VINA have a standard error of -2.85 kcal/mol, which means that a -12 kcal/mol value have a huge associated error. However, the algorithm implemented in each software chooses the best binding pose according to the terms considered in the docking score calculation. And this is the problem. Docking algorithms have significative differences even between similar programs. You have to test several packages to check the results, and ideally you should compare the obtained results with experimental data. This comparison would give an extra support to your findings. Generally, of couse that interactions are important. But it also depends on the protein. An hydrophobic drug-binding site will not allow many hydrogen-bonds (unfavorable) and vice-versa. Best regards, Ricardo Ferreira

I read with interest the debate on this issue. However, for me the question is unclear. Author asks to inform about the peak broadening which occurs when the particle size falls in nano range. What is the nature of the peak remains unclear. I can think that it is a broadening of the photoluminescence peaks ...

Dear Demetris, Let me reply to all the points mentioned hoping to help further. “1) We cannot escape from the definition of R^2=SS(regr.)/SS(total), which indicates the percentage of explained sum of squares due to our model.” In general R2=ESS//TSS=1-(RSS/TSS) where Residual Sum of Squares: RSS =sum of (estimated residuals or unexplained variation)^2, Explained Sum of Squares: ESS=sum of (fitted Y minus mean Y)^2 and Total Sum of Squares: TSS=sum of (actual Y minus mean Y)^2 That is R2 is a measure of the percentage (or proportion) of the total variation in Y explained by the regression model and a measure of the goodness of fir of the regression line. “2) R^2 seems to be low for financial regression models” It is not a rule but in bibliography is very usual. It depends on the model specification. If I use an APM model formulation (with proper macroeconomic explanatory variables) may give different R2 compared to a CAPM specification and even more different from a simple regression model specification of the rate of return of an asset and the rate of return of the stock market. This may be explained by the effort to model the asset's sensitivity to non-diversifiable risk (systematic or market risk) represented by the estimated beta without considering the expected return of a theoretical risk-free asset as in CAPM and APM. “3) High R^2 is probably an indicator of multicollinearity or other known problems” Only in the case that very high R2 are associated with very low t-ratios may indicate this problem. For instance, we can run bivariate regressions instead of multiple to see if the results improve (in terms of statistical significance). "4) We have to check the signs of the slopes in order to be consistent with the economic interpretation (for example you cannot accept a positive slope for a demand curve in orthodox economic theory)" This is called an economic test and has to do with the theory behind the formulated model. Even in cases with not the right signs we have to look for possible explanations. In the example mentioned, are we talking for an extreme case of a Giffen good where we consume more of this good as the price rises and we violate the law of demand? Just an explanation to show you the flexibility of tackling such problems. "The problem is, for my opinion, more general: Under so many drawbacks what is the total significance of the regression model construction process: (i) It is supposed that regression analysis gives us the 'as better can be' (with l2-norm) coefficients for a causality scheme. If we reject a coefficient due to its improper sign we could probably miss the point which maybe simply is that our orthodox economic theory is not applicable to our data. (ii) If we 'resign' from the definition of R^2 and accept low values of it, we should find another way to compare models for their explanatory power.” Regression works properly when we follow certain steps in specifying a model. First we see what (economic) theory is behind the model and what this theory indicates abou...

Although Ni-coordinated graphene oxide is positively-charged, its surface charge is still relatively weak (compared to negatively-charged GO) to prevent aggregation. Any idea how I can keep positively-charged GO in a stable dispersion? James Deluca,I believe pristine graphene has no net charge on its surface.

Thank you for your interest, we need just know if you belong for any of those research structures, because our goverment launched a call of project to collaborate wuith them: a. International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi b. National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi c. National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi d. National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra e. National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana f. Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Rajasthan g. M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai h. Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Banglore i. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Utter Pradesh j. Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Utter Pradesh k. University of Delhi, Delhi l. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi m. Anna University, Chennai n. University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra o. Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi p. Jamia Milia Islamia University, New Delhi Sincerely D. HAOUAS

I am a medical student and started a journal club with some colleagues: I find it very helpful to look for the evidence of a therapy or diagnostic process we see in our clinical rotations and ask ourselves why we are doing what we are doing and if we maybe should do something differently. Also, EBM needs practice - critical appraisal is not easy and if we don't use it on a regular base we forget everything university teaches us about best practice in research, methodology and so on..

Hi Meera, according to the posted site, 10 minutes trypsinization time is the norm. How long it will take depends on how fast your flask warms up. As suggested by previous comments, add warmed up trypsin. Then place flask into incubator for about three minutes, then remove it and quickly tap the sides. If the cells are just starting to come off, put it back for a further 1-2 minutes and repeat the process. How fast the cells come off depends on how fast you work. If you are too slow when visualising, trypsin cools down and activity reduces. However, the cells that came off would be still affected and then they may not attach upon seeding. One very important thing. When about 90 percent of the cells detached, quickly add the neutralising solution that stops the activity of trypsin. For most cells it is FCS, I am not sure what is right for your system. This serum then protects cell integrity and also helps them to attach. The process is a bit of trial and error. Occasionally one can use a pipette to detach the last 15% of attached cells but I probably would not worry about these cells as then the rest of the detached cells may be affected. http://www.rndsystems.com/literature_ccm004.aspx Cheers

thanks fro ur response. Can I prepare CdSe or CdS (positive or negative ) by using same capping?

Hello and thank you for your reply, no unfortunately I do not have but I am looking for possibly arena or other engineering/systems simulations to prove and assess the validity of this project.

To my knowledge, Li20 has no emission in FTIR spectrum range (see : Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter Volume 14 Number 13, 3587 doi:10.1088/0953-8984/14/13/316 ). The FTIR spectra have been recorded in the spectral range from 400 to 1400 cm(-1) for Li2O.Bi2O3.P2O5 glasses.

For those seeds sterilization normally try this simple protocol: 1) Put the seeds in water with 2% domestical bleach, during 30 to 40 minutes, keep them shaking manually or with magnetic shaker. (This first step is just necessary if you took the seeds right from the ground) 2) Wash the seeds with destilled water to eliminate the bleach (if you did the step above). From this step work with the laminar flow chamber. 3) With a sterilized glass, drown the seed in a solution of ethanol at 70% for 30 seconds only. 4) Wash the seeds 3 times with destilled water to eliminate the ethanol. 5) Transfer the seeds to some tubes and drown them in a solution of Sodium hypochlorite at 1% (dechlorinated) during 10 minutes. 6) Wash the seeds five times with destilled water to eliminate the sodium hypochlorite and decant helping with a spatula. Then you just have to do the seed sowing and incubation, or what ever you have to do. I know it's late and you aready had success, but hopefully works for someone else!

touch down PCR start with higher temperature (65-67) will work.and 30 -45 second is enough.

Amino acid is highely found in plant, source of growth regulater and many toxic heavy metal found in acidic solution . then we are analysis in HCl extracts and convert in easy oxidizing complex.

In our center, a reference hospitalary center for pediatrics, in cases with previous failed intubation, fibre-optic is used from the begining.

"But if an ideal current source will deliver some energy to a closed circuit-:)?" Provided - such a source does exist in reality. Does it? Cyril, your current loop example would be more illustrative if you would add a short circuit diagram. Lutz

The Lutein esters are soluble in lipophilic solvents. Therefore pet. ether or hexane solve the esters and can not use in a pre defatting process. For this reason the main extraction of the lutein esters with ethanol and a following purification by column chromatography is not the best. My preferntial treatement of the tagetes erecta were drying, grinding with anhydrous Na2SO4 and extracting with hexane and than cleaning up the extract by column chromatography.

Some liquids even show phase transitions from the high density liquid (HDL) to low density liquid phqse (LDL) phase. We have come now very far from original question. I stop here. But you can read the vast literature of non crystalline materials. Just google it and go ahead in studying and have fun.

Dear Rebecca, I would not add FBS to the horse serum. It is only a bottle medium. I would throw it out and start again. Cheers

MEGA 5 is a good one and also for protein seq

Hi Sean, if anything, PVDF should work better. Did you prewet the membrane with methanol or ethanol before transfer as this is critical? Cheers

Hi Aparna, perhaps your extraction protocol needs to be modified. Perhaps it is not the pellet that traps the protein but your transfer needs modification. I think that the pellet you describe may be just debri ie envelope fragment that you sucked up during isolation. If the pellet is big, perhaps you can extract the protein from it and check it for your target protein. Cheers