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Answer added in Nursing Ethics
5 Did you receive education on end-of-life care when you were in nursing school?
By Catherine Sweeney · Hospice Care Network

Steph Lovell · London South Bank University

Within our paediatric nursing course, palliative care and dealing with families and children undergoing end of life care was undertaken as separate le... [more]

Within our paediatric nursing course, palliative care and dealing with families and children undergoing end of life care was undertaken as separate lectures within ethics of nursing as well as role transition. Therefore we visited the topic in all three years. However, it is predominately left to experience within clinical placements to understand and address the issue and therefore mentors were a point of call for queries regarding decisions to move to palliative care and then the care you give in the final stages of dying and to the family afterwards with regard to preparation and delivery of care. However, hospice work was also included in the lectures as many children will not die in hospitals, instead at home or within hospice settings and so it was important for student children's nurses to understand how to facilitate the transfer from hospital over to palliative services and ensure a degree of care continuity.

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Question asked in Economic Growth
New La Cassa per il Mezzogiorno
Http://win.svimez.info/cassa/index.html

Http://win.svimez.info/cassa/index.html

http://lnx.svimez.info/images/RIVISTE/quaderni/quaderni_pdf/quaderno_34.pdf ×

By Amedeo Lepore · Second University of Naples

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Question asked in Optoelectronics
New Dead Zone and Noise at End of Fiber, at OTDR
Hello all, I have some questions to ask, hope that you can help me.. 1. How can we calculate a dead zone? I see that in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [more]

Hello all, I have some questions to ask, hope that you can help me.. 1. How can we calculate a dead zone? I see that in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_time-domain_reflectometer, the dead zone for 10ns pulse width is about 1.5m. But in http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/16193174/1957821756/name/OTDR+Guidebook0605.pdf, it's said that 8/3m. Which one is true? And how can I get it? In there, it is said that it's a theoritically, if it's true, can someone give me a reference please? 2. I ask a professor via email and he said that I can calculate the length of the Dead Zone by using this formula : The length L of the dead zone is given by the relaxation time t of the receiver and the group velocity Vg of the fiber (L=Vg. t). Can someone tell me is it true? And if it's true, what is the value of the 'relaxation time t of the receiver' if I'm using an Avalanche Photodiode? 3. How can we calculate the length of the noise at the end of fiber when we are using an OTDR? I need a formula or some references to know the length because I'm making a simulation and not using the real thing. Thanks.

By Stevan Hilarius

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Answer added in Social Anthropology
150 To what extent do people believe that art can contribute to positive change?
By Jade Wildy · University of South Australia

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Answer added in Membrane Biophysics
4 Do integral membrane proteins become optimally functional above lipid phase transition temperature only - ref this paper here?
By Rakesh Yashroy · Indian Veterinary Research Institute

Rakesh Yashroy · Indian Veterinary Research Institute

Robin, for making liposomal preparation: weighed amount of pure lipid or lipid-mixtrures of total lipid extract of membrane sample is dissolved in chr... [more]

Robin, for making liposomal preparation: weighed amount of pure lipid or lipid-mixtrures of total lipid extract of membrane sample is dissolved in chroloform-methanol (3:1), dried under vaccum and stream of nitrogen gas completely to get rid or organic solvents in test tube. Then mixed with known amount of double distilled water and vortexted 10-15 min under nitrogen gas atmosphere to get a suspension of multilamellar liposomes. For NMR studies, multilamellar liposomes are sonicated under atmosphere of nitrogen to get a clear suspension of unilamellar small liposomes. Further deatails are given in https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rakesh_Yashroy/publications/2?sorting=published

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Question asked in Next Generation Sequencing
New Have anybody prepare 40 kb Mate-Pair library . Please share the detail i.e about kit, Lambda packaging extract, 40kb gelextraction method etc.
40 kb Mate-Pair library Preparation for Illumina

40 kb Mate-Pair library Preparation for Illumina

By Dinesh Sahu · Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture

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Answer added in Embedded Systems
26 What is the best option for learning and teaching embedded systems; Raspberry Pi or Arduino?
By Alisson Brito · Universidade Federal da Paraíba

Bogdan Belean · National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies

Unlike general purpose processor systems (PC), the embedded systems are dedicated to fulfill a special function within a larger mechanical or electric... [more]

Unlike general purpose processor systems (PC), the embedded systems are dedicated to fulfill a special function within a larger mechanical or electric systems. thus, the first step is to chose the technology for implementing the embedded system (FPGA, DSP) which cope with the application requirements. From here on, in case u are choosing FPGA for implementation I can give u further advice. You will need knowledge in implementing digital logic using VHDL language. Also, C programming is necessary for developing the software for the embedded system. To conclude, these are the basic steps for developing embedded systems. A more detailed description of implementing application specific hardware architectures within an embedded FPGA based system for image processing can be found in: "FPGA based system for automatic cDNA microarray image processing", Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, Bogdan Belean, Monica Borda, Bertrand Le Gal, Romulus Terebes which is posted on ResearchGate.

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Answer added in VLSI
13 What is the difference between a flip flop and a latch ?
By Arun Kutty · Cochin University of Science and Technology

Saeed AL-Mansoori · Emirates Institution for Advanced Science and Technology

In my point of view, the main difference is that a flip flop changes output state upon receipt of a clock edge, while A latch behaves as a real time b... [more]

In my point of view, the main difference is that a flip flop changes output state upon receipt of a clock edge, while A latch behaves as a real time buffer when the enable is active, and it behaves as a register when the enable is negated. It changes state whenever the enable is asserted.

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Answer added in Dyspepsia
9 What is the best treatment to alleviate dyspepsia?
By Rohsila Muhamad · University of Science, Malaysia

Prakash Krishnan · Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd

A recent "Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Study published" in the management of H. pylori. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Effec... [more]

A recent "Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Study published" in the management of H. pylori. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Effect+of+GutGard%C2%AE+in+the+Management+of+Helicobacter+pylori+-A+Randomized+Double+Blind+Placebo+Controlled+Study

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Answer added in Drug Addiction
9 Which medication approaches could target the stress response in drug addiction?
By Wilfrid Raby · Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Columbia University

Manzumeh Shamsi Meimandi · Kerman University of Medical Sciences

The approach is very intresting , the drug could vary from buspiron to bupropion.

The approach is very intresting , the drug could vary from buspiron to bupropion.

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Question asked in Ecology
New How can I separate the effect of pH from Salinity on benthos distribution in a estuary where these two factors co-vary?
I am working in an estuary where pH and salinity vary simultaneously . I want to know which factor has more effects than other on benthos distributio... [more]

I am working in an estuary where pH and salinity vary simultaneously . I want to know which factor has more effects than other on benthos distributional pattern?

By M. Belal Hossain · Universiti Brunei Darussalam

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Question asked in Indian students
New Is there any indian international students currently in Harbin Institute of Technology?
Please reach me by email: zhjj505@gmail.com.

Please reach me by email: zhjj505@gmail.com.

By Junjie Zhang · Harbin Institute of Technology

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Answer added in Computational Electromagnetics
55 Which programming language is better for CEM (Computational Electromagnetics)?
By Athul Shaji · Cochin University of Science and Technology

Saeed AL-Mansoori · Emirates Institution for Advanced Science and Technology

C++ is the best for CEM

C++ is the best for CEM

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Question asked in Has any idea of protein profiles in desert truffle?
New Any researcher has any idea of protein profiles in desert truffle? I would like to share some of my results to compare.
Has any idea of protein profiles in desert truffle? I would like to share some of my results to compare.

Has any idea of protein profiles in desert truffle? I would like to share some of my results to compare.

By Jasim Ahmed · Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research

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Answer added in Applied Linguistics
7 Formant frequencies and continuous speech?
By Abu Dzarr · University of Science, Malaysia

Osmo Eerola · Turun ammattikorkeakoulu

Akpan Essien (see below) is right, there is not just inter-individual but also intra-individual variation when producing e.g. target words several tim... [more]

Akpan Essien (see below) is right, there is not just inter-individual but also intra-individual variation when producing e.g. target words several times. My previous comment (see below) was about inter-individual variation in one study report ( Eerola & Savela, 2012. Production of Short and Long Finnish Vowels with and without Noise Masking, Linguistica Uralica (http://www.kirj.ee/20972/ ). I checked from the raw data material of the study the intra-individual variation of Finnish /o/ and /o:/ when producing the target words /toli/ and /to:li/ five times each. The CV (=SD/mean) of F1 varied between 1.4% - 5.6% and of F2 between 2.6% - 5.2% for /o/, and for /o:/ between 1.8% -3.1% (F1) and 1.7% - 8.2% (F2). Therefore, if natural speech tokens (e.g. vowels) are used as input in experiments their acoustical properties need to be described in details. What we have done in our experiments, we use over a large population averaged formant and othe values as parameters to produce synthetic speech, and report these parameters.

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Question asked in Materials Chemistry
New Why there is decrease in peak intensity in XRD of polymer coated nanoparticles as compared to bare ones?
I prepared dextran coated magnesium ferrite nanoparticles. I explained this as surface dangling bonds of the particle interact with O-H bonds of dextr... [more]

I prepared dextran coated magnesium ferrite nanoparticles. I explained this as surface dangling bonds of the particle interact with O-H bonds of dextran in case of dextran coated particles which may induce non uniform strain. Therefor results in decreased intensity and broadening of the peak after coating. is it true?

By Vishwajeet Khot · Dr. D.Y. Patil University

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Answer added in Digital Signal Processing
3 I want to generate power quality disturbances in MATLAB. Please help me how can I use Matlab programs
By Suhail Khokhar · Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Gunjan Varshney · JSS Academy of Technical Education

U can generate the current distortion and voltage distortion in terms of faults and u can use the switching of circuit breakers for that

U can generate the current distortion and voltage distortion in terms of faults and u can use the switching of circuit breakers for that

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Answer added in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
33 Is marsupialization still the treatment of choice for large unicystic lesions of the jaws?
By Yadavalli Guruprasad · Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka

Mandana Donoghue · College of Dental Sciences, Karnataka

Dear Pavan, Very glad to know you are an oral surgeon now.. Thanks for sharing your experience ... such long term follow up with records will go a lo... [more]

Dear Pavan, Very glad to know you are an oral surgeon now.. Thanks for sharing your experience ... such long term follow up with records will go a long way in changing and improving treatment modalities.

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Question asked in Plant Pathology
New What is the best way for measurement and purification of entomopathogenic fungi secondary metabolites from small insect in vivo condition ?
In most research,production and purification of these compounds have been studied on insect with big size (Locusts, Silkworm and wax moth),is there an... [more]

In most research,production and purification of these compounds have been studied on insect with big size (Locusts, Silkworm and wax moth),is there any paper about this matter in small insect?

By farzaneh sadat Seyedtalebi · Urmia University

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Answer added in Marine Ecology
8 How does benthic biodiversity change with ocean depth and what are the underlying factors?
By Sven Kerwath · Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, South Africa

Samantha Dionisio · Ateneo de Manila University

There are a lot of factors that can affect benthic biodiversity along a depth gradient like water temperature, light availability, oxygen (and other e... [more]

There are a lot of factors that can affect benthic biodiversity along a depth gradient like water temperature, light availability, oxygen (and other elements) concentration and pressure. If you want to observe benthic biodiversity at varying ocean depths, I would suggest that you monitor the distribution and activity patterns of bacteria that are inhabiting the area. Through microbiological and biochemical methods, you can follow the community shifts of bacteria at different ocean depths. This would reveal a lot about the state and condition of that part of the benthos. This is an interesting paper I found that might be relevant to your study: http://www.mbari.org/news/publications/ar/chapters/08_BenthicBiodiversity.pdf And also this study about a long-term observation of benthic activities in central Japan might aid in your own expedition: http://www.oceanobs09.net/proceedings/ac/FCXNL-09a02-1646360-1-KITAZATO%20et%20al%20Ocean%20Obs_withFigs2.pdf

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Question asked in Research Papers
New Specifically what are the free downloadable software available for picture/results visualization?
Visualization

Visualization

By Kandasamy Thangarasu · Central Leather Research Institute

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Answer added in Biotechnology
1 How big DNA fragment can be cloned into the plasmid vector?please specify the range
By Rohail Jawed · University of Karachi

Vivek Singh · National Dairy Research Institute

Dear Rohail, A plasmid vectors may be used to clone DNA insert of up to 15 kb in size but all plasmids are not capable of that. only smaller plasmid c... [more]

Dear Rohail, A plasmid vectors may be used to clone DNA insert of up to 15 kb in size but all plasmids are not capable of that. only smaller plasmid can take large inserts. Again with the increase in the insert size the efficiency of transformation process decreases. If you are planning to clone large DNA fragment I suggest use differ vectors.

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Answer added in Synthetic Chemistry
3 Is there any available software that can predict simple chemical reactions?
By Deep Das · Dibrugarh University

Edmond Sanganyado · University of California, Riverside

Agree with Guillermo, there is no better predictor than you when it comes to reactions. You just need to take some of the core chemistry classes. JChe... [more]

Agree with Guillermo, there is no better predictor than you when it comes to reactions. You just need to take some of the core chemistry classes. JChem might help but might not provide essential information.

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Answer added in Mobile Communications
2 How many frequency bands are available in mobile communication and what are the ranges?
By Sakthivel Nageshwaran · Adhiyamaan College of Engineering

Saeed AL-Mansoori · Emirates Institution for Advanced Science and Technology

Example of frequency bands used in US

Example of frequency bands used in US

Frequency bands.bmp ×

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Answer added in Flow Cytometer
3 What's the best marker in flow cytometry to differentiate between M1 and M2 macrophages?
By Eung Ju Kim · University of Washington Seattle

Ratnadeep Mukherjee · Institute of Life Sciences

Hi there, My suggestion would be to check for intracellular markers. They are more robust in terms of M1 and M2 differentiation. For example, for the... [more]

Hi there, My suggestion would be to check for intracellular markers. They are more robust in terms of M1 and M2 differentiation. For example, for the classically activated M1 macrophage, you would want to look at iNOS, TNF, and the p38 MAP kinase. On the other hand, the alternately activated M2 macrophage should have high Arginase 1, IL-10, and STAT6. Good luck!!!

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Question asked in Environmental Microbiology
New Recommended textbook for environmental microbiology
I do not have time to attend microbiology classes, my research involves isolating bacteria for degradation studies. Is there any textbook you recommen... [more]

I do not have time to attend microbiology classes, my research involves isolating bacteria for degradation studies. Is there any textbook you recommend that can help me understand what is required to successfully sample, culture, enrich bacteria before my degradation assays?

By Edmond Sanganyado · University of California, Riverside

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Answer added in Mineral Processing
15 Application of surfactants in mineral processing?
By Lala Sukla · Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi

Lala Sukla · Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi

Biosurfactants are surface active substances derived from living cells useful in a wide range of industrial application.

Biosurfactants are surface active substances derived from living cells useful in a wide range of industrial application.

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Answer added in Semiconductor
14 What are the reasons for lower intensity in room temperature PL compared to the low temperature PL?
By Lakshmi V · Vellore Institute of Technology

Devendra Singh · Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

agree wid Prof Walid, your question will indeed help us to provide better clarification. Thanks to all contributors.

agree wid Prof Walid, your question will indeed help us to provide better clarification. Thanks to all contributors.

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