I agree with Fahmi, researchgate is doing that already, but definitely we can have our own group if we are allowed. However, I think it is good to have open questions/discussions for all members of researchgate as opinions and views from other disciplines are very valuable and interesting.

Thanks for the clarification, James. It does seem reasonable that the DSM would be a logical place to look for a definition of or criteria for defining various pathologies. What is amazing to me is that the DSM is obviously arbitrary in the sense that some "disorders" are on the list in some versions and taken off in others. Obviously the DSM has medical reimbursement ramifications as well as ramifications of the way that the public defines and perceives those with various "conditions." Etiological and categorizing judgments are also affected by revisions: obsessive-compulsive not directly linked with anxiety. disorder now fits into its own grouping instead of being placed with anxiety disorders. Some effort in DSM V has been made to make some conditions less stygmatizing: hypochondriasis (now called “illness anxiety disorder”). Perhaps foro things that are given greater recognition as 'disorders' such as hoarding and binge eating, there is a tradeoff between being able to have greater attention and perhaps medical reimbursement, and being labelled and stereotyped as having a disorder. Although the DSM is meant to help practitioners identify and communicate and deal with various conditions or symptoms, if you like, it seems that the labelling aspect that people such as Laing warned us against is inevitable. I guess this is not a new observation, though I do wonder how one can avoid the arbitrariness involved in trying to define 'psychopathology' as per the topic of this thread is possible without referencing the DSM or some other fairly universal set of criteria. Perhaps the point of this thread is that the DSM is so geared to helping professionals conduct their work that it doesn't begin to investigate the nature of conditions and thus the ways that a practitioner might more quickly identify any gravitation towards a condition and take steps to minimize its development, both on an individual level as well as on a group population level (as per Durkheim re suicide).

RG seems to be an exciting place. I wish they address the issue of negative score. If a researcher doesn't participate in any discussion for a week, his score is down--sized. Now RG cannot be treated like a vocation. To overcome this problem we find researchers uploading their work and not participate in the q&a. I hopethe career metrics take price of RG score!!!

Hello Mahdi Rasekhi Can you give more detail? Are you converting numerical data for eg into categories such as if values are .3 - .5 then this is classified as low, .5 - .7 then this is normal. Then you could create histograms or frequency graphs with categories. Otherwise are you converting one scale into another such as Celsius into Farenheight ? If you could give more explanation please. I'm not quite sure what you mean by functional data, but I guess this would be data such as normal, or abnormal maybe if you are measuring a parameter or pass or fail if it is a test. Thanks Debbie

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Hello Aref Bin Abdulhak Do you have any outcome variables that are the same ? left ventricular hypertrophy yes or no as a suggestion, I don't know the EKG measures. If you had readings such that you can diagnose a condition then you can compare categories of having or not having a disease. Just an idea, Deborah Hilton Statistics Online http://sites.google.com/site/deborahhilton/

Let me state two elements: 1. one of the framework of The development theory underline the relation between the center and the periphery; example rural- urban, development and underdevelopment countries, in the sens of Eco geography. You can look also on Domar model. 2. The actors and their current states need to be defined, thereby their cooperation and the constraints related or the non cooperation state and the ability to move from while the main issues for their actions and the outcome related call for the measurable objectifs 3. the concept of effort and desutility related because I expect that the ghetto us a non desirable equilibrium can be of importance. The Laffont Tirole model can be helpful

I like this.

Hello Scott, I'm not sure if you'll find a definition there, but I sometimes refer to the electronic statistical textbook that is a link on the favourite links page of my website. Thanks Deborah Hilton Statistics Online http://sites.google.com/site/deborahhilton/

The big data subject has already received thousands of millions dollars of research funding in China these years. The governments are now launching a wave of nationwide construction of "smart cities". All highly populated regions in cities are equipped with camcorders and various types of sensors. This generates big data problems in all fields. These years numerous companies in China are now doing business in intelligent transportation systems, smart energy (smart grids), smart environments, smart healthcare, etc. I believe that in ten years every corner of the country will be equipped with sensors and camcorders. The penetrating camcorders can effectively prevent crimes and can help law enforcement. Privacy in China is not as sensitive a topic as in other countries. This implies unlimited business opportunity in data mining and big data.

Hello Mr/ Dr Khan, If you go to the favourite links page of my website there is an electronic statistical textbook link which is quite good. Thanks Deborah Hilton Statistics Online http://sites.google.com/site/deborahhilton/

Thank you for everyone for your suggestions.. Very useful comments. Diatoms look very similar to my impurity image. Just wonder how it ended up in TEM grid.....

Thanks Matteo for the complement, do you have any good reference to quote or program that allow the Whole Powder Pattern Modelling you mention? In which sense is it different from what is called Whole or Full Pattern Matching, implemented in FP, etc...? The name sounds like the same... Don´t you have any structural model restriction in such procedure? Ciao

Just to clarify the earlier comment- didn't realize that you were referring to liquid culture immediately following the transformation step. You should have your cells recover in SOC medium (not LB) for 1 hour WITHOUT antibiotic. Once you select on the LB plate + antibiotic, continue use of antibiotic in any subsequent cultures. Your troubleshooting should focus on whether you are having problems with satellite colonies or contamination by an Amp-resistant microbe (not necessarily DH5a). An appropriate negative control to check for the latter is to run a transformation with no plasmid added. If you're still seeing colonies, then you have contamination. If these negative control plates are clean, then focus on eliminating satellite colonies (confirm positive clones by colony PCR, make sure you use fresh antibiotic, etc).

My lay opinion of the lie of the land is that things are relative. For example I read that there are 5 string theories within the general umbrella of M theory. Each of these string theores seems to provide a reasonable model of physical reality, though each has a slightly different way of looking at things and perhaps focuses on different aspects of the elephant, so to speak. Similarly, 5 different people have 5 different impressions of what John Lennon was like as a person, even though their impressions overlap on many points. If we ask for the real John Lennon or the real electron to "Please stand up" (as was done on the ole 'To Tell the Truth' show), we might have several John Lennon imitators trying to hog the limelight. As long as we are making models of any fragment of reality, our models will be biased by the nature of our model-making, the impact that our presence has on the reality, the time/space lapse between us and our object, the nature of our model-making instruments, etc. Thus, we might nod along with Heisenberg that their will always be limitations to our measurements or with Goedel that our models will always be incomplete and/or internaly inconsistent. If so, one might ask whether it is in some cases unnecessarily compulsive obsessive, so to speak, to try understand something perfectly. In truth, Lennon fans can never know Lennon as well as Lennon knows his own mind....without being Lennon. Indeed, we can never understand Lennon's physical body anymore than we can fully comprehend Tennyson's Flower in the Crannied Wall without knowing everything in the universe past, present, and future, since there is no quantum isolation of Lennon or an individualel electron from everything else. (I am aware that entanglement is a fragile thing and not representative of all particles in the universe). Unless there is some sort of cosmic consciousness as per W. James, it is not possible to Be everything at once and thus have a perfect understanding of everything, rather than the second-hand models that local observers have. My purpose is not to present the case for mystical visions, but rather to resurrect the words "pragmatism" and "practicality." Do I really need to see what an electron "looks" like in frozen time? Do I really need to know Lennon as well as he knows himself as if I would rather he not exist if I can't fully know him or Be him? Is it not sufficient to just make the best models of reality that we can, to be on the lookout for bias, to be ever ready to modify our paradigms, and to never get too complacent about what we have? It is an elusive search for a Holy Grail to presume that there is a Perfectly True model of any local or ultimate reality. No final Theory of Everything. A functional correspondence is all we have. Truth is relative and, like beauty, in the eye of the beholder. "That is all we know on earth, and all we need to know."

I shared once with RG “user care” two requests: (1) a function to achieve threads so that one can “stop” a thread he /she initiated without losing thankfully shared contributions as would be the case if she/he deleted the thread. (2) an advanced search function that can ease “navigating” within a thread once it becomes “hard to handle”. I hope “they” are checking posts where “Researchgate” occurs and can have an idea about the relevance of those requests. In another thread I was forced to copy the whole thread in a one html file with an embedded little search function so that new contributors could have an idea about former contributions before adding their own ones. I can do the same here if I’m asked to. Anyhow, “only the most popular and the most recent posts” don’t fairly summarize the thread. Finaly, I hope Dr Brückner will not be late to confirm the "the smiley face" :) .

I believe, that high power laser diode would be the best solution. Cograts for nice idea of your experimental system! Greetings.

Also depending on you conditions the following article may be of interest by Kerick et al. It discusses EEG artifact during riding in a vehicle type environment and during walking running and standing: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235036375_Assessment_of_EEG_Signal_Quality_in_Motion_Environments?ev=prf_pub Our group has several other artifact articles as well - you can looking in our 2013 "real-world neurotic aging technologies" paper for a review.

Another feature that can matter is pointing accuracy: I once used a (robotic) telescope whose pointing accuracy was poor enough that you had to take a preliminary exposure or two and compare to a finder chart. This obviously limits the possibilities for unattended operation (though if I recall correctly there are automated tools that will take a sky picture with a decent number of stars and tell you where it was pointed).

I think that a student's attitude to higher mathematics is highly influenced by their primary school experience. Compared to most other subjects, mathematics is a gradual learning process based on progressive reasoning. If you don't grasp the basics, then the next steps will be difficult if not impossible to comprehend at any age. One "bad" mathematics teacher can destroy the appreciation of order and beauty in mathematical reasoning and the development of sequential processes. The only way to "re-program" such a mind is to start from scratch and quickly build up their confidence. It happened to me. With a little tuition, my grades went from 45% to 98% in a matter of months. We always enjoy what we can do well. The passion for mathematics develops when there is a history of being successful after each small step and helped along until each step has been completed with confidence. Arts students should envisage mathematics as both a universal language and a tool for calculation. Never assume a student knows anything until proven ;)

So going back to the spirit of my original question: can we have a superposition of mass? If not, why not?

@Cyril. I have only just seen your original question and have not had time to read the long discussion. But I'll will just give you my simple view. The first thing I do when teaching this to students is that I tell them to forget the phrase "virtual ground." I tell them it is bad terminology and misleading. I tell them the phrase I prefer to use is "virtual short" because that is what is really happening. This is much better terminology because your (+) terminal of your op-amp can be at any voltage V, and your (-) terminal will then be approximately equal to V. V does not have to be zero! So the word "ground" is nonsense for this phenomenon. In the negative feedback configuration the difference in these two voltages is made small by the high A. Now, your original question asks if it is a property of the op-amp itself or the configuration. I would say both. Because the high A is a property of the op-amp and the fact that the difference voltage is amplified is a property of the op-amp. But the fact that you get to divide the output voltage by A to get the small input difference voltage is a property of the configuration. I have not seen a configuration without negative feedback that gives you the "virtual short." I would certainly be surprised if you proved one existed :-)

The force of gravity establishes a tensor between kinetic energy at terminal velocity (the Bessel function after acceleration) and isostatic deceleration which transforms the kinetic value to the heat value and potential energy. grav f ( e ) d e = exp g ( x ) d x . k acc y ( E ) d y = lim x ( e ) d e . c vel t ( E ) d t = lim r ( y ) d y . h dec n ( E ) d n = lim y ( Z ) d N .