I use various bandpass filters, from 10 nm to 40 nm wide centered in the region 650..670 nm. I use an EM CCD camera for detection so it is sensitive enough to see some background luminescence - PMMA, glass etc. ( I elimitaed glass coverslips in my setup and exchanged them with quartz). Thank you prof. Balter for the paper. Spectrum that I have found inside is exactly the thing I was asking for.

For my experience, Ireduced p-nitropheno to p-aminophenol using CaCl2 (0.6g dissolved in 1ml water) /Zn (1.8g) for 1.2 g of the p-nitrophenol: reflux for 2h.

Thanks Louis (and Ana) for such wonderful quotes/thoughts; I think each of us can imagine residing in a sandstone cave and – in time – seeing an infinity of meaningful patterns amid the untenable, meaningless randomness of those grains, and all that urgently unfilled time. I hope you won’t mind if I replicate a bit of reply from elsewhere*. Language, I think, (in whatever form) exists primarily as a means of transmitting thoughts about mutually appreciable sensations between similars of a species (as Leonid suggests). Something must have predated language in thought, yet allowed “thinking”. Whether fortunate or unfortunate to admit, I recall quite vividly thoughts about the crib and room I was in, in infancy. I had “too much time” to think. I was not just “responding” or “vegetating” – I was “thinking” – about things I could see, proprioceptive feelings about this new “self” - yet I could not begin to understand the odd sounds my parents and their friends were blathering at the cribside (to try and get me to speak, which really annoyed me). They may not have been words, but those thoughts symbolized my feelings enough that I could manipulate those symbols in my head while I lay there bored and uneasy. We learn to symbolize how we feel - with or without words - and manipulate those symbols to comprehend our world. Isn’t that the language of thought? Whatever I am thinking, it is first a feeling, and later – a memory of that feeling. Those memories become tools, and those tools are the means by which thoughts become behavior. Maybe language is a limitation, as well as a requisite, even if it does help greatly in understanding previous sensation? We require a consensual, lossy, summary symbology to convey infinite diversity of subjective experience, and in so doing, fashion objective frameworks of syntactic conformity, and ask that infinitely affective variety of efferent response try and fit into it (math/logic/language). But we really seem to aggregate frequencies of meta-sensation until they become integrated so well they resonate at some threshold above which they feel “further indivisible" - and thus, appear consensually distinguishable. It seems far more like “diffusion of discomfort and anxiety” when we attribute lack of thinking capability to other creatures outside our current frequency of familiarity - it allows us to dismiss fear of outcomes and "move on" in the successive sense. Thought really just gives us a temporal advantage of predictively favorable outcomes - which we only need when we make things so complex that no rate of sensation can respond to what it feels. Children do not need to think in words to savor life, since they do that directly as embodied cognition of unavoidable sensations, expressing in utter innocence first responses to first sensations, at a rate that seems to satisfy both. -- Lonny *Elsewhere: from a similar discussion we had at LinkedIn - Seung Chan Lim on Separating "thinking" from "feeling” in the Psychology Network group.

Douglas, Co3+ could be stabilized only by high-field ligands. GO has only -CO2H groups and other O-containing low-field stuff. I have very big doubts it will stabilize Co3+. If we speak about inert complexes, Cr3+ will be better choice for GO, but to make complex boiling is needed. I don't know what happens with GO after it, and is there any profit comparing to Al3+, Ti4+, etc.

Yaa, with limited success that too for substances having afinity to magnet.

Gulcimen: As I have not found it reasonably convenient to access this document, it is difficult to assess its nature or relationship to moral identity. I think that a reasonable definition of moral imagination, however, is that it is the "ability to recognize a set of options that may not be obvious from within an organizational framework; to evaluate these options from a moral point of view; and actualize them." Without the original study or at least a passage from it, it is difficult to say anything other than that it suggests that men have less cognitive ability to assess moral situations. Similarly, it is impossible to determine what might be the cause of the effect detected in this study .

If you're looking to track player-generated control data or motion of actors in game-space over time, we use a customized version of the Unreal Development Kit (UDK) which outputs actor motion and action over UDP using the Open Sound Control protocol. We then capture the resultant data stream using a simple ruby script and write it to file. The data is then uploaded via shell script to our servers for analysis. Depending on what you're looking to do, a fully rendered Unreal Engine implementation might be overkill. If not, the project is called UDKOSC and can be downloaded from Git at https://github.com/robertkhamilton/udkosc

You can also try MorphoJ (http://www.flywings.org.uk/MorphoJ_page.htm) and the various packages available from James Rohlf's website (http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/ee/rohlf/software.html).

Many many thanks Dariusz for your kind help...I am going through your thesis and in case of any problem I will write back to you. Thanks again...

It happens that "we" technique is also used to avoid "sexist writing"! "When a student writes a paper, he must proofread carefully." can be rewritten as "When we students write our papers, we must proofread carefully." (http://www.hamilton.edu/writing/writing-resources/avoiding-sexist-language )

I have seen a book "Non-programmers Tutorial for python 2.6

Thank you so much, you have all been a great help!

Mendeley. Free and easy to manage/organize pdfs

Ok so what you appear to be referring to are the harmonic components. One could do a Fourier Analysis to do this as has been done in the past where programmed ROM based PWM was used for the old V/F drives. With many modern AC drives using current controllers and DQ, Vector Control ...... it becomes quite difficult to try and do a Fourier analysis as the waveform is generally non-repetitive with variable pules per cycle. There are many papers on this which was popular many years back and I recall a person in the UK SR Bowes (Sid Bowes) from the University of Bristol who did a lot of analysis ofPWM waveforms.

Abdulla, please be more careful when you respond. respect yourdelf. Please read carefully what Dr. Matteo Leoni wrote to you. And if you think the question is simple please refer to my response a month ago. Good luck in your career.

Thanks Dariusz to your interest, I have an image and i want to segment part of it which has max number of edges

Chris. I agree that there are no OMVs. Value is culturally and individually relative. I was not suggesting, of course, that anyone was personally advocating the use of "white lies." However, I don't think that my interpretations were unreasonable or obvious transmogrifications. Ricardo, for example, states that "we are inclined to act as if [moral values] were objective because we do think they are good." Similarly, Alvin suggests, I think, that it is okay to believe that one's moral values or beliefs are objective (i.e. absolute, universal, existing independent of individual opinion) as long as such beliefs make life seem more worth living or less difficult to live. My interpretation of these statements was that people consciously raise moral statements from the level of subjectivity to the level of objectivity because they think that their own moral statements are so good as to warrant such elevation. An example of such absolutization of a moral stance might be claiming that some moral statements are true everywhere and at all times. This is all fine and good if we are talking about the human tendency to tell children, for example, that it is always morally wrong to steal. (As adults in the 'real world' we have to struggle with more intricate issues relating to "Crime and Punishment" however) . And politicians are always quick, deliberately or not, to exaggerate the moral objectivity and absoluteness of a behavior by claiming it is universal (e.g., murder, euthanasia, abortion) are always wrong). If said politicians know they are exaggerating, they might justify their exaggeration by claiming that the cause is good, so what's wrong with a little white lie...the end (elevating personal opinion to the level of absolute truth) justifies the means (getting the law passed). After all, some may think to themselves, they know more about what's right and wrong than the general public. I appreciate your take, though, and will gladly amend my response were Alvin or Ricardo to confirm that my interpretation was way off the mark. .

Thanks a lot Geir. I wait for the article about "The Role of Zinc and Copper in Autism Spectrum Disorders" with impatience. I plan to publish an article about my observation. I work on it.

In summary my point is "quality" not "quantity" should be in the aim of all scientists.

Yes. According to the Helsinki declaration approval by a research Ethics committee is needed for a new clinical survey (human). Thus, even if the formerly survey received decision by an Ethics committee.

I am one of those doing 'new' research and my opinion is that I have an absulute need to make self-citations to my other publications as they present different and equally important aspects of the whole research project. Of course, I refer to other publications connected to my field of research where it is relevant and applicable! However, I can see a problem when big groups write many similar articles in different journals, but I also understand why. There are a variety of academic rules that state a certain number of articles to be published for doctoral degree, for post-doc, as well as for getting more donations for research and so on. Thus, a big team need many publications to develop their area of research and to assist their team members in reaching higher degrees The question of what is a 'new' research area could be debated for long. Especially as similar thoughts might be developed in different academic fields and in different parts of the world, but never get shared due to academic field barriers or language barriers.

At least in the well-studied Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, where cell mass per number of oriC's at the time of replication-initiation is constant and the time taken to replicate the whole chromosome is constant (i.e., at a constant temperature and in the growth rates range of 1 - 3 hr^-1 [doubling times 60 - 20 minutes], average cell size rises exponentially with the growth rate mu and hence you can predict/calculate cell concentrations by having a reference such as you describe provided you determine the mu values under both conditions (the known and the one in question). Have a thorough look at the article by Schaechter et al., in J. Gen. Microbiol., 1958 (Vol. 19, if my memory does not fail me), then the 1968 articles by Helmstetter, in J. Molec. Biol. and the Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant. Biol.

Hello Ingo, I would like to have more information about chlorophyll of green vegetables. I am working on the relationship between water hardness and cardiovascular disease in my country. I am interested about your reply. I'd like to know more.

Look at STN 72 1001 - this is also a real standard (Slovak Technical Standard), but the fraction intervals are different: 0.002-0.063-2.0! At our department, hydrometer combined with wet sieving is used, however, for fine-grained soils I would prefer SediGraph (available e. g. at IAG BOKU Wien).

Dear Milos: Thank you for the clarification on culture and choices in the market place. I do have a problem with Fukuyama's argument. I think that the data do not show that women in the work force increased social capital in the 60s to the 1990s. Most of the studies of income and well being (I analyze this concept cross-culturally in my 2004 book Sustainability) show a stagnation in American incomes during this time. You can see also that in the War years (WWII) women entered the workforce in huge numbers (though this idea tends to minimize the labor of farm women who also had to replace the labor and management of farms while the men were at war and I think this is unfair). In the immediate post-war period there was some instability as women adjusted to the influx of men back into the labor force and there was some adjustment necessary for this discrimination. Nevertheless, the 50s showed a dramatic increase in wealth spread over the general population, part due to government financing of infrastructure but also, I think, to the progressive taxation of the Eisenhower years where the basic income tax rate on the richest percentile was over 90% and other tax regimes in states and localities added to the constant transfer of wealth into productive labor intensive and especially education and research and development. Violent crime has also dropped dramatically since the 1970s while our spending on prisons has leapfrogged over that for education: We pay for prisons more than we do for student education (http://chronicle.com/article/5-States-Spend-More-on-Prisons/40565). I address these issues in my new book, The Anthropology of the Credit Crisis: Irrationality, Magical Thinking and the Role of Inequality, MTC Press, 2012.