Science Education

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118 How can you actually measure learning gain produced by a particular learning strategy beyond student assessment?
By Carola Bruna · University of Concepción

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7 Is a charged capacitor a voltage source? Is a charged inductor a current source? Is there any difference between them and "true" electrical sources?
By Cyril Mechkov · Technical University of Sofia

Cyril Mechkov · Technical University of Sofia

Thank you, Abdelhalim for the comprehensive answer! Really, capacitors connected in parallel to the rectifier's output act exactly as supplementary vo... [more]

Thank you, Abdelhalim for the comprehensive answer! Really, capacitors connected in parallel to the rectifier's output act exactly as supplementary voltage sources and inductors connected in series - as current sources. I marvel over if there is some difference between a charged capacitor and a battery; both they are continuosly exhausting sources... Regards, Cyril

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18 What is "passive" and what "active" in electricity and electronics? Can we make passive elements become "less passive", "neutral" or even active?
By Cyril Mechkov · Technical University of Sofia

G. Diana · University of KwaZulu-Natal

Dear Cyril I refer to your statement The common notion, reigning in electricity, is that passive devices (loads) dissipate energy while the active de... [more]

Dear Cyril I refer to your statement The common notion, reigning in electricity, is that passive devices (loads) dissipate energy while the active devices (sources) produce energy As far as active devices are concerned I do not agree that active means produce energy. An active device such as a transistor is one which allows the control of power / energy through itself. It does not and cannot produce energy but may only control / regulate the flow of power through itself between source and load. As you have stated elsewhere the appearance that an active device such as a transistor is able to AMPLIFY is an illusion when in fact all it is doing is using a lower power control signal to control the flow of a larger amount of power provided by a separate power source through the device. All we are simply doing is exploiting the material properties which have been masterfully designed through advanced manufacturing techniques to allow us to do this. So much so that today we think the device itself is the power amplifier rather than being the a device through which power may be controlled to allow amplification to take place. On a lighter note many years ago I had second year students doing a practical involving OP AMPS in which they had to first simulate then implement a small circuit. The relevant components were placed in box After a while the students approached me and said they were unable build the circuit as some components were missing from the box. I went over and saw nothing was missing and asked them what it was that they wanted. They then said that there were no triangular shaped OPAMPS like in the simulation they had done and could not find them in the box only these rectangular shaped looking devices!

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21 Most of journals include keywords, some are not, thus, what are the major guidelines in choosing these keywords?
By Fathi M Sherif · University of Tripoli

George Halkos · University of Thessaly

Under the condition that they represent (reflect) the main contribution(s) of the work at hand and can simplify the online search of researchers in si... [more]

Under the condition that they represent (reflect) the main contribution(s) of the work at hand and can simplify the online search of researchers in similar areas. Kind regards

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17 If a manuscript gets rejected by a specific journal, can be resubmitted to the same journal after modification?
By Fathi M Sherif · University of Tripoli

Javaid Mir · National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources

Yup, it can be re-submitted if the editor gives a chance of re-submission. Sometimes the editors mention that there is no possibility of re-submission... [more]

Yup, it can be re-submitted if the editor gives a chance of re-submission. Sometimes the editors mention that there is no possibility of re-submission, then you can't re-submit it to the same journal. For example, one of my manuscript was rejected in ichthyological research, but the editor gave me a chance of re-submission after incorporating the major comments. When I logged into their portal there was not an option of re-submission of manuscript which usually remains for accepted articles. I submitted it as a new submission but editor sent my manuscript back to me and requested for the author's response sheet to the major comments which he pointed out at first revision. Second time I submitted my manuscript again as a new submission but this time I attached the author's response sheet also and the editor accepted it and sent the manuscript for review process. Hope this example could help. All the best for your research.

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16 What are the human aspects of the "digital revolution"? What is the impact of the "digitalization" on the today's life and technical education?
By Cyril Mechkov · Technical University of Sofia

Pisupati Subramanyam · Vignana Bharathi Institute of Technology

David Ashby is right in saying that Curiosity and the Zeal to learn new things motivates us to take part in Research Gate Discussions. How I wish th... [more]

David Ashby is right in saying that Curiosity and the Zeal to learn new things motivates us to take part in Research Gate Discussions. How I wish the same attitude is cultivated in the Present Generation! Of course some youngsters are exhibiting this trait.They should continue it even after they complete their Graduation or Research Work. More and More Youngsters should follow suite. P.S.

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1 How to integrate science education with character education in primary schol?
By Edi Hendri · Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Pedro Galvis Leal · Universidad Libre de Colombia

Bien, es conocido por educadores e investigadores que ambos "tipos" de educación son necesariamente complementarios. En mi carrera como docente e inv... [more]

Bien, es conocido por educadores e investigadores que ambos "tipos" de educación son necesariamente complementarios. En mi carrera como docente e investigador he explorado dos temas que pueden dar alguna luz a la pregunta: 1) la corporeidad del sujeto, y 2) la inteligencia emocional. Su justificación es simple: No se aprende en la escuela primaria aquello que no se VIVE corporalmente, y no se aprende aquello que no "seduce" Msc. Pedro Galvis Leal universidad libre de Colombia

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34 How do you teach graduate students to read and write academic papers?
By Steph Hays · Harvard University

Gonzalo Galileo Rivas Platero · Independent Researcher- Costa Rica

Some considerations to keep in mind when reading or writing a scientific paper are: 1 - Read the article carefully, if necessary, two or three times,... [more]

Some considerations to keep in mind when reading or writing a scientific paper are: 1 - Read the article carefully, if necessary, two or three times, to capture the main ideas. although write the abstract the same person who wrote Article, not always easy to decide the ideas of text that should be noted. 2 - Tick visibly points where is the most signifi cant text. After a careful reading is easy to see that parts of the text are more relevant than others sometimes whole paragraphs can be deleted without losing the basic information of the article. 3 - Rephrase a first draft from the fragments that have been marked in the text, but trying express the same ideas in other words, without copy the original sentences (though is what makes many people).

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New How can the ideas from neuroscience be used in classroom research?
How do we know if the ideas from neuroscience work in classrooms? How can we conduct research? It is difficult to use fMRI's in the classrooms.

How do we know if the ideas from neuroscience work in classrooms? How can we conduct research? It is difficult to use fMRI's in the classrooms.

By Nageswar Chekuri · Woodbury University

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20 Should science in schools be taught for learning "scientific" skills or the nature of science?
By Yvonne Butterfield · University of Wisconsin, Madison

Shylaja Subbarao · Government First Grade College, Devanahalli, Bangalore Rural

Normal healthy children are naturally curious about everything in their surrounding therefore it does not require much effort to ignite their interest... [more]

Normal healthy children are naturally curious about everything in their surrounding therefore it does not require much effort to ignite their interest in science. Learning and accumulating knowledge is fine for a while. But, it gets boring if the knowledge is not applied. Projects and other skill building activities are fun and make it possible for the students to use and test this knowledge that they have acquired. Why should any student wait until he / she has studied for a certain number of years to do this? I feel there is a real danger in not giving an interested youngster such opportunities - he would lose interest and worse still-- begin to associate science with "knowledge" or information, for that is what science becomes minus these activities.

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3 How do we motivate students in the laboratory? What is more important there - the technical equipment or the teacher's skills?
By Cyril Mechkov · Technical University of Sofia

Hitesh Shukla · Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

I was a laboratory attendant myself at IIT Roorkee. I wud say there shud be freedom for everything. The silliest of ideas, stupidest question and then... [more]

I was a laboratory attendant myself at IIT Roorkee. I wud say there shud be freedom for everything. The silliest of ideas, stupidest question and then verifying them by designing and modelling. Also exposing them to new technology and what is going round the world helps a lot. Well for others, I don't know. This is my experience. After my Lab i found most of the students more curious towards the modelling and mathematical approach as well as they got a perspective of how things work physically. One of the silliest questions asked was, What would happen to the power supply if I draw more current then the rated current. I blew a fuse in front of them by shotting the power supply output? Although I had to pay for it, but they started to get a feel for, how a careless decision can affect the functioning. Second was race around condition in JK Flip Flop. third was regarding the relaxation oscillator using UJT. etc etc

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4 Good examples for teaching basic concepts of Object-Oriented Programming.
By Franklin Marquezino · Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Terry Braun · University of Iowa

I've used "chromosome" in the past. Chromosomes have "genes", and "SNPs", "repeats." "Genes" have introns/exons, nucleotides, amino acids, variants.

I've used "chromosome" in the past. Chromosomes have "genes", and "SNPs", "repeats." "Genes" have introns/exons, nucleotides, amino acids, variants.

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3 Looking for recent examples of two good papers that "contradict" each other in the area of cell biology
By David Pearton · University of KwaZulu-Natal

David Pearton · University of KwaZulu-Natal

Thanks Daniel, Great examples - I will do some reading and see which are appropriate. Much thanks for the quick and comprehensive reply. Yours, Dave

Thanks Daniel, Great examples - I will do some reading and see which are appropriate. Much thanks for the quick and comprehensive reply. Yours, Dave

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4 Citizen Science Projects
By Bisan Battrawi · A.M. Qattan Foundation

Lawrence Handley · United States Geological Survey

CNL World, a non-profit focused on environmental and earth science education, has developed several crowd sourcing projects that have evolved into enc... [more]

CNL World, a non-profit focused on environmental and earth science education, has developed several crowd sourcing projects that have evolved into encouraging citizen scientists to aid in collecting images and data. Their focus has been on vegetation location collection for wetlands, invasive species, and noxious weeds. Three websites of interest are the Wetland Classification Image Gallery (wetlandgallery.cnlworld.org), which has a crowd sourced monitoring component; Calling all Wetlands (callingallwetlands.cnlworld.org), built for the classroom and retiree citizen scientist involvement, and an Invasive Weeds Monitoring website for management by native American tribe management agencies (cskt.cnlworld.org). They have been in existence for just a couple of years, but are building extensive searchable databases. In particular, the Calling all Wetlands website and database are designed to incorporate successional entries from the same location that over time can provide glimpses into wetland change, and in the future into climate change. Enjoy and document your wetlands! --Larry

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Open I'm looking for input on this project I'm working go - top quality science illustrations for everyone
I'd like to show you the project I'm working on. It's a library of top quality science illustrations and presentation slides. The idea is that not eve... [more]

I'd like to show you the project I'm working on. It's a library of top quality science illustrations and presentation slides. The idea is that not every scientist needs illustration skills, but every scientist needs to communicate about their science. I'm a post-doctoral researcher myself, but also a scientific illustrator. I want to make quality science illustrations more accessible to other scientists and teachers. That's why I started this project. Everyone who is interested can try it for free. Please leave your comments, this input is very valuable for me! here is the link (be patient, the initial loading takes a bit): http://www.somersault1824.com/library-of-science-illustrations/

By Luk Cox · KU Leuven

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52 If all of the biological knowledge is to be destroyed in a cataclysm and we have only one sentence to pass on, which one would contain the most information?
By Frederic Briand · CIESM - The Mediterranean Science Commission

McKenzie Bodkin ·

"Around all things a spirit waits, A weave so soft, mere thoughts impress Their weightless meaning on its plaits. Actions, with all their... [more]

"Around all things a spirit waits, A weave so soft, mere thoughts impress Their weightless meaning on its plaits. Actions, with all their force and stress, Perturb this substance all the more." Lines from THE WATER MAGE'S DAUGHTER epic that speak to what might be called The Law of Conservation of Information. In other words, what if at its root the cosmos is pure information in various states, from consciousness all the way down to matter? Nowadays, physicists posit multi-verses (pardon the pun) and dark energy that presses even local galaxies apart at increasing speed. It strikes me that the old, discredited notion of the "ether" is making a comeback under a number of slightly different names, that is, if the math doesn't lie. Perhaps this is somehow linked to Teilhard's "noosphere" and idiot savants' abilities to instantaneously compute, as Douglas Hofstadter described in GODEL, ESCHER, BACH some years ago, recounting the mathematical exploits of Ramanujan. If this eventually turns out to be the case, then biological knowledge, even if destroyed locally, may well reside elsewhere in a state of preservation.

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1 How much consideration should be given to "scientific demonstration" in K-12 science education?
By Vincent Richard · University Laval

Jayashree Ramadas · Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

I have noticed this contradiction in my own approach to science pedagogy: a subtle, seemingly benign effect on one's ways of thinking, more compelling... [more]

I have noticed this contradiction in my own approach to science pedagogy: a subtle, seemingly benign effect on one's ways of thinking, more compelling than explicit policy. The power of science demonstrations need to be re-recognised and re-advocated. I do not know if this has been written about, or even if there exists a well-stated counter-view.

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7 What is your opinion about "filmmaking for science"?
By Alena Kottova · University of Victoria

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1 Assessing the role of informal science in changing attitudes and behaviors toward science, any suggestions?
By Bisan Battrawi · A.M. Qattan Foundation

Ahed Alkhatib · Jordan University of Science and Technology

Dear Bisan, I have already started such a project. I would like to share my experience with you and others. i have already posted a similar question a... [more]

Dear Bisan, I have already started such a project. I would like to share my experience with you and others. i have already posted a similar question about including bachelor students in research. there were good responses. see replies and then we will have long interactions.

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5 What is one burning question you have about medical illustration?
By Ikumi Kayama · Studio Kayama

Ahed Alkhatib · Jordan University of Science and Technology

I used to give workshops in immunohistochemistry. I usually used to give illustrations from the local environment within the class. I illustrate the d... [more]

I used to give workshops in immunohistochemistry. I usually used to give illustrations from the local environment within the class. I illustrate the difference between the antigen and the epitope. I told the students if the nose is the antigen, then part of it as an example is the epitope. Each one put his fingers on his nose and they touch the difference. At the end of the workshop, i usually make an open discussion. The surprise that every thing was ok except one thing, the science becomes easier than before, and it is easily to be taught. This means, they will lose their status.

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28 Telescope for amateur astronomy.
By Bisan Battrawi · A.M. Qattan Foundation

Julio Saucedo · Universidad de Sonora (Unison)

Bisan, Thank you. Let me just add that the Celestron's CGEM - 1100 Computerized Telescope is an excellent choice. I just think it is better to go step... [more]

Bisan, Thank you. Let me just add that the Celestron's CGEM - 1100 Computerized Telescope is an excellent choice. I just think it is better to go step by step. In fact, if you buy this 11", I recommend you to get the Edge-HD, not just for the better optical quality, but also because you can remove the secondary to image in prime focus (f/2) using the faster configuration (you will need to buy the Starizona's HyperStar lens), By the way the faster is also available for 6", 8", 9.25", 11" and 14" Celestron Schmidt-Cassegrains. Regards, Julio

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2 Learning OBJECTIVES and related Learning OUTCOMES - How easy to state and capture in 40 min Class?
By Tushar Tamhane

Ahmedani Muhammad Shoaib · King Saud University

If we define learning objectives and ILOs for each 40 minute lecture. We can assess the students through quizzes, mini tests and assignments if we hav... [more]

If we define learning objectives and ILOs for each 40 minute lecture. We can assess the students through quizzes, mini tests and assignments if we have achieved the learning objectives and the students have attained the required level of knowledge, competencies as well as skills.

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2 How effective is the scientific inquiry method in classroom teaching and learning situations?
By Steven Ani · University of Goroka

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12 What's your take on multidisciplinary studies?
By Clarinda Cerejo · Cactus Communications

Matt Holland · National Health Service

There are two books that you might like to look at that are related to this topic "The New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Resear... [more]

There are two books that you might like to look at that are related to this topic "The New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies" (1994) and "Rethinking Science: Knowledge and the Public" (2001) which both have interesting things to say about transdisciplinarity and heterogeneity. The second title is an update of the first.

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1 Does anyone have an object-oriented Turing machine implementation?
By Gábor Kusper · Eszterházy Károly Fõiskola

Helio Perroni Filho · Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo

There are numerous implementations of Universal Turing Machines (I gather that's what you mean by a "Turing Machine"?) available on the web, several o... [more]

There are numerous implementations of Universal Turing Machines (I gather that's what you mean by a "Turing Machine"?) available on the web, several of them written in OO languages such as Java. However if you'd ask me, Turing machines and OO design seems like an odd matching of subjects. I don't really see much use for polymorphism in an UTM implementation, nor do I think the working principles of UTM's would be particularly clarified by an OO implementation.

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1 A tentative definition of the Nanoworld: a "no gravity" world only ruled by EM interaction ?
By Joel Chevrier · Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1

Gyorgy Banhegyi · Bay Zoltán Nonprofit Ltd. for Applied Research

It is an intersting idea. Many years ago I read an article where it was described that scientists tried to make a very small steam engine to compare t... [more]

It is an intersting idea. Many years ago I read an article where it was described that scientists tried to make a very small steam engine to compare the differences with macroscopic engines. The main observation was that friction and adhesion was much more important in the microscopic engine - in accrodance with your ideas.

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4 Can anyone name some open access journal on Education?
By Saurav Shome · Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

İzzet Kara · Pamukkale University

You can also have a look at http://www.eurasianjournals.com/index.php/ejpce

You can also have a look at http://www.eurasianjournals.com/index.php/ejpce

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