Pharmacodynamics

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3 What are all the basic pharamacodynamic parameters generally we have to calculate
By Meenakshi Ramu · GVK Bio

Meenakshi Ramu · GVK Bio

Thank you

Thank you

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6 What is the minimum DMSO concentration to dissolve melatonin? I have DMSO with concentration 99%.
By Mohamed Kotb · Benha University

Jeffrey Tate · CTD Holdings, Inc.

I suggest you try complexing the melatonin with hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin. You will avoid the toxicity and complication of DMSO and have a more ... [more]

I suggest you try complexing the melatonin with hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin. You will avoid the toxicity and complication of DMSO and have a more bioavailable solution for your testing.

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Open What is the progress of biased agonism of some antihypertensive drugs?
In Spanish, there is still no adequate translation of "biased agonism". It is necessary to standardize criteria for initiating appropriate investigati... [more]

In Spanish, there is still no adequate translation of "biased agonism". It is necessary to standardize criteria for initiating appropriate investigations.

By Julio Campos Florián · Universidad Nacional de Trujillo

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Question:
Open Does anyone have a spreadsheet or free access version of O'Flaherty's Lead model? The original one, not the modified version that is in IEUBK.
I am interested in assessing BLLs as a result of lead exposure at indoor firing ranges. I have BLL, air lead levels, and a survey of visits to the fir... [more]

I am interested in assessing BLLs as a result of lead exposure at indoor firing ranges. I have BLL, air lead levels, and a survey of visits to the firing range. I have several old models writen in software that is no longer supported.

The ICRP age-specific biokinetic model for lead: validations, empirical comparisons, and explorations. × J G Pounds, R W Leggett

By Gregory Zarus · Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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3 I am looking for cost-effective ways to measure cytokine levels. What set up is required? Are ready kits available to measure cytokines?
By Sangita Sukumaran · Dr. D.Y. Patil University

Abdalla El-Mowafy

Yes, most cytokines, like those involved in stress, inflammation, cancer can be measured with ELISA. Kits measure about 96 samples or so. Search your ... [more]

Yes, most cytokines, like those involved in stress, inflammation, cancer can be measured with ELISA. Kits measure about 96 samples or so. Search your (cytokine+ ELISA + purchase) in GOOGLE, you should come up with all you need. These kits work for plasma/serum, tissue homogenates or cell culture homogenates/media.

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22 What is the min DMSO concentration to dissolve unknown drugs?
By Satheesha Avunje · Chonnam National University

Eugene Trybulski · University at Buffalo, The State University of New York

Cyclodextrin, liposomes, vessel walls, assay media provide depots for excess compound and do not give you higher concentration of compound in solution... [more]

Cyclodextrin, liposomes, vessel walls, assay media provide depots for excess compound and do not give you higher concentration of compound in solution. Depots add additional kinetics to the equilibrium and not higher concentrations. Magic is not part of reliable results.

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Open PK/PD for neuropathic pain
Which pharmadynamics/pharmacokinetics model do you use in non-clinical neuropathic pain in rats or mice?

Which pharmadynamics/pharmacokinetics model do you use in non-clinical neuropathic pain in rats or mice?

By Yohei Miyamoto · Toray Industries

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23 Recommendation for a good text on pharmacokinetics?
By Rachael Ward · AudioCure Pharma

Marco Egbring · University of Zurich

You received enough recommendations. If you want to calculate the exercises of 1st order kinetics in the books, we provide a free service to visual co... [more]

You received enough recommendations. If you want to calculate the exercises of 1st order kinetics in the books, we provide a free service to visual concentration time curve.http://kinetics.epha.ch

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19 Measuring of the free drug concentration from Human plasma sample
By Sudeep Raj Bista

Sudeep Raj Bista

Thanks Kirsten for the info. I tried with Dialysis tubing (Dt)14 and 25 MWCO ( my protein is 42 kD). However instead of using dialysis for long time I... [more]

Thanks Kirsten for the info. I tried with Dialysis tubing (Dt)14 and 25 MWCO ( my protein is 42 kD). However instead of using dialysis for long time I pipetted 500 uL of my sample in the Dt and centrifuged them. However I couldn't get enough volume ever after centrifuging for 90 mins. Using SLIDE-A-LYZER MINI Dialysis membranes machine or as such to analyse my sample is not feasible as i have almost 500 plus plasma samples from patients. and will considerably take longer time. So still I am looking some way how to separate free (unbound) drug from plasma without getting adsorbed in the devices.

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Open Can anyone provide an answer to the synthesis pathway of street amphetamine, qualitatively superior to dexamphetaminesulfate and/or DL amphetamine salts?
Amphetamine, dexamphetaminesulfate, dl amphetamine salts, methylphenidate, methamphetamine, chirality, isomer.

Amphetamine, dexamphetaminesulfate, dl amphetamine salts, methylphenidate, methamphetamine, chirality, isomer.

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By Vanina Fiebig · Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin

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7 What statistical tests and parameters are appropriate to study the relations of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs?
By Kastriot Shytaj · University of Tirana

Kastriot Shytaj · University of Tirana

Thank you for your help!

Thank you for your help!

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3 What is the easiest way to measure (fractional) receptor occupancy of a tyrosine kinase receptor?
By Hendrik Gremmels · Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht

Peter Nagy · University of Debrecen

Hi Hendrik, Regarding competitive binding experiments you should read the relevant chapter from the attached PDF. There you can see that you basical... [more]

Hi Hendrik, Regarding competitive binding experiments you should read the relevant chapter from the attached PDF. There you can see that you basically compare the binding of your unlabeled ligand to that of the labeled one. I don't think receptor occupancy can be measured by receptor internalization. Receptor internalization is never 100%, and receptors are also synthesized and exocytosed, so what you would need to analyze is a very complex system. You could measure ligand depletion with ELISA or similar solution-based techniques. But most of these are not as accurate and quantitative as flow cytometry. I think you could simply determine the number of receptors on your cells (e.q. with Qifikit). You know how many cells you have in the suspension. You multiply the number of receptors/cell with the number of cells in the solution and then further multiply with the fractional occupancy. This will give you the number of ligands bound to your cells. If this is less than 10% of the total number of ligands you added, then ligand depletion isn't significant. BTW you can read a lot about these concepts on the following site: http://www.graphpad.com/guides/prism/6/curve-fitting/ Regards, Peter

Analysis of ligand binding (GraphPad).pdf ×

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4 New PK/PD review- Free Full Text available: Scaling Pharmacodynamics from In Vitro and Preclinical Animal Studies to Humans
By Stefano Porzio · ABLE Biosciences

Stefano Porzio · ABLE Biosciences

Excelent paper, maily to uderstand relationships in PD from animals to human. For PDF version as follow https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/dmpk/24/1... [more]

Excelent paper, maily to uderstand relationships in PD from animals to human. For PDF version as follow https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/dmpk/24/1/24_1_16/_pdf

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1 Can anyone tell me the Universal dosing schedule of Rabies vaccination for the Exposed and unexposed persons.
By Akshaya Srikanth B · University of Gondar

Mahfudh Bashraheil · KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme

For the exposed persons the verorab dose of 0.5mls is given 5 scheduled doses at 0,3 7, 14 and 21 or 28 days. For the non exposed its given the same... [more]

For the exposed persons the verorab dose of 0.5mls is given 5 scheduled doses at 0,3 7, 14 and 21 or 28 days. For the non exposed its given the same dose but 3 scheduled doses at 0,7, and 21 or 28 days.

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1 Gastrointestinal dilation
By Anja Slikkerveer · Astellas Pharmaceutical

Dale Newton ·

Hi Anja, Can you provide me with more details about the mice, such as: their age, were they born at term gestation or prematurely, how old they were w... [more]

Hi Anja, Can you provide me with more details about the mice, such as: their age, were they born at term gestation or prematurely, how old they were when the GI dilatation occurred, what their (pre-distention and post-distention) diet consisted of, what medication, drugs, fluids they received (pre-distention and post-distention), if the GI tract distention completely resolved without any intervention, or if they survived. Thanks, Dale

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Open European Medicines Agency-European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations modelling and simulation workshop Slides available on lin...
European Medicines Agency-European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations modelling and simulation workshop Slides available on lin... [more]

European Medicines Agency-European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations modelling and simulation workshop Slides available on line: link: http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/news_and_events/events/2011/07/event_detail_000440.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058004d5c3&jsenabled=true Workshop’s objectives: The objective of the workshop (WS) was to discuss the role and scope of modelling and simulation (M&S) in drug-development both from the developer’s and the regulator’s perspectives. The WS should lead to a joint understanding of how M&S can be better integrated into the drug development process. It should also provide an opportunity for industry, academia and regulators to learn about and from each other, create greater awareness, share experiences, identify gaps and future opportunities.

By Stefano Porzio · ABLE Biosciences

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Open ABLE Biosciences
ABLE Biosciences - New provider of Bioanalytics/Pharmacokinetics, Proteomics and Protein Biochemestry Services. http://www.ablebiosciences.com/

ABLE Biosciences - New provider of Bioanalytics/Pharmacokinetics, Proteomics and Protein Biochemestry Services. http://www.ablebiosciences.com/

By Stefano Porzio · ABLE Biosciences

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Open Workshop on IVIVC, Biowaivers & bio-statistics from 27 to 29th Jan 2012 in MUmbai Visit www.pharmaedge.co.in for more details
Workshop on IVIVC, Biowaivers & bio-statistics from 27 to 29th Jan 2012 in MUmbai Visit www.pharmaedge.co.in for more details

Workshop on IVIVC, Biowaivers & bio-statistics from 27 to 29th Jan 2012 in MUmbai Visit www.pharmaedge.co.in for more details

IVIVC workshop 2012 (mumbai).pdf ×

By Vinay Shedbalkar · Pharma Edge Centre (I) Pvt. Ltd

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Open Immunogenicity Testing Guideline
In the file folder I add the file Millipore_IGN_2010.pdf, an Immunogenicity Testing Guideline edited by Ronald R. Browsher (Millipore Bipharma Servic... [more]

In the file folder I add the file Millipore_IGN_2010.pdf, an Immunogenicity Testing Guideline edited by Ronald R. Browsher (Millipore Bipharma Services). It is an excellent overview for ADA (Anti Drug Antibodies) testing issues related to PD, PK and Safety of Biotherapeutics. Kind regards Stefano

By Stefano Porzio · ABLE Biosciences

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Open

Millipore_IGN_2010.pdf ×

By Stefano Porzio · ABLE Biosciences

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Open Drg-Bank at http://www.drugbank.ca/
The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmace... [more]

The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information. The database contains nearly 4800 drug entries including >1,350 FDA-approved small molecule drugs, 123 FDA-approved biotech (protein/peptide) drugs, 71 nutraceuticals and >3,243 experimental drugs. Additionally, more than 2,500 non-redundant protein (i.e. drug target) sequences are linked to these FDA approved drug entries. Each DrugCard entry contains more than 100 data fields with half of the information being devoted to drug/chemical data and the other half devoted to drug target or protein data. link at http://www.drugbank.ca/ Stefano

By Stefano Porzio · ABLE Biosciences

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1 Pharmacometrician/Modeller/Consultants - USA, Canada and Europe based roles
By Sap Chagar · Independent Researcher

Stefano Porzio · ABLE Biosciences

Thanks for posting this opportunity in the group! Stefano

Thanks for posting this opportunity in the group! Stefano

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Open PK PD Summit 2010
I have been working on a unique event - PK PD Sumit 2010 - which I think will be of interest to members. You can check out the website here: www.pkpd-... [more]

I have been working on a unique event - PK PD Sumit 2010 - which I think will be of interest to members. You can check out the website here: www.pkpd-summit.com. I would like to extend a 10% discount to any members of the PK/PD group. If you would like further information please contact me at charlotte.whewell@hansonwade.com. Best, Charlotte

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5 Basic pharmacokinetic parameters and biostatistics workshop in India
By Vinay Shedbalkar · Pharma Edge Centre (I) Pvt. Ltd

Akhlaque Hasan Khan · Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani

what about accomodation during the workshop

what about accomodation during the workshop

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Open At RIVM site http://www.rivm.nl/interspeciesinfo/about/
At RIVM site http://www.rivm.nl/interspeciesinfo/about/ Available information is provided on anatomical and physiological parameter values, as we... [more]

At RIVM site http://www.rivm.nl/interspeciesinfo/about/ Available information is provided on anatomical and physiological parameter values, as well as parameter values relevant for the metabolism of xenobiotics in humans and various species frequently used in toxicity testing. Focus is on parameters in organs and tissues relevant for kinetics following oral exposure. Kind regards Stefano

By Stefano Porzio · ABLE Biosciences

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Question:
Open TENOFOVIR
I have reviewed innumerable publications related toTENOFOVIR and I have not found specific information about the VARIATION COEFFICIENT(VC) of inter-s... [more]

I have reviewed innumerable publications related toTENOFOVIR and I have not found specific information about the VARIATION COEFFICIENT(VC) of inter-subject and intra-subject, could anybody inform me if exist any publication about?

By Luis Lens · CBIO/NUDFAC

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1 NAIVE
By Luis Lens · CBIO/NUDFAC

Madhu Sudhan · ClinSync Clinical Research

we are examine for his volunteer is healthy or not .and we are taking concent from him for participation of studies in his willing ness

we are examine for his volunteer is healthy or not .and we are taking concent from him for participation of studies in his willing ness

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About Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics is the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body or on microorganisms or parasites within or on the body and the mechanisms of drug action and the relationship between drug concentration and effect.

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Adzwan Annas

International Islamic University Malaysia
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University of Indonesia
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Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
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The King's College

Pharmacodynamics

About Pharmacodynamics

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