Electronics, Embedded Systems, and Microcontrollers

• Kun Wei

  Servo drive development

  For a servo drive, what is the optimal hardware organization, using two MCU or one MCU+one CPLD/FPGA? The cost and the performance must be considered at the same time. Can anyone please give me someFor a servo drive, what is the optimal hardware organization, using two MCU or one MCU+one CPLD/FPGA? The cost and the performance must be considered at the same time. Can anyone please give me some suggestions or share something about this?
• Laveena Sharma

  Finger-print based embedded system

  I have code ready for a Fingerprint-based embedded system but am unable to connect the hardware to it, could anyone help me out?

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    Chittaranjan Mahajan replied

    You didnt specify which type of interface ur going to use and also you have not specify microcontroller used in your code.

    25 days ago
• Ata Jahangir Moshayedi

  I want to implement and do the coding for AT MEGA by using direct C language which can be read by win AVR

  i want to implement and do the coding for AT MEGA by using direct C language which can be read by win AVR

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    Ata Jahangir Moshayedi replied

    @ Rolf:(In your main() of your slave your read from the SPI data register SPDR))) you mean i need some delay in this part? yes i need to call the receive , did you do same job before? as i test@ Rolf:(In your main() of your slave your read from the SPI data register SPDR))) you mean i need some delay in this part? yes i need to call the receive , did you do same job before? as i test with Proteus there was not any answer from salve

    Apr 22, 2012
• Umair Ahmed

  Real time operating system for microcontrollers (8/32-bit) (Atmel)

  I have developed a scheduling algorithm which schedules task by calculating their dependencies, execution times, frequency and requirement of resources. For comparison purposes, I am intending toI have developed a scheduling algorithm which schedules task by calculating their dependencies, execution times, frequency and requirement of resources. For comparison purposes, I am intending to also include a simple time sharing algorithm but I have not found any way of doing so as the mcu doesn't allow me to modify its stack and PC. Can anyone offer advice?

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    Umair Ahmed replied

    But still the startup time is bothering me not the investors/sponsors... I have this bad habit of starting from scratch whenever I hit a block like this, as I just love working on mcus. To give youBut still the startup time is bothering me not the investors/sponsors... I have this bad habit of starting from scratch whenever I hit a block like this, as I just love working on mcus. To give you an idea, the revision number I mentioned denotes 4th rewrite and 4th major change in code. Revision 1.2: Got to a block when considered extensive peripheral support. Revision 2.4: Completed but got an idea to employ dynamic allocation for everything. Revision 3.1: Completed but got really resource heavy for 8-bit mcus due to extensive use of pointers and nested queue levels reaching more than 5. Revision 4.4: The idea was to make the environment as much closed as possible and away from mcu's own memory management. A hybrid data storage policy, more things were made static and some were left dynamic. Flash was to be used for constant storage and extended RAM installed on both 8/32-bit platforms.

    Apr 5, 2012
• Anik Kumar Samanta

  ARM Cortex M3. Can we any how access particular registers(R0,R1....) and memory locations using C programming language?

  I am working with mixed programming logic of Inline Assembly and C to code a CortexM3 (STM32F103ZE form ST microelectronics) processor using Keil IDE. The board is from Keil. The problem is how toI am working with mixed programming logic of Inline Assembly and C to code a CortexM3 (STM32F103ZE form ST microelectronics) processor using Keil IDE. The board is from Keil. The problem is how to access particular memory locations and registers in C. And hence I am unable to pass the data for Assembly Coding. We can think in terms of pointers and Memory maps.

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    Supachai Vorapojpisut replied

    Rxx registers should not be used for passing information between different codebases. ANSI C standard does not alllow such low-level operations and may generate code that overwrite such registers.Rxx registers should not be used for passing information between different codebases. ANSI C standard does not alllow such low-level operations and may generate code that overwrite such registers. You should consider access memory area directly instead by casting an address into a C variable. volatile unsigned char *onebyte = (0x10000000); // look at memory address 0x10000000 as one byte data Additional macro for Cortex-M3 are located in header files at Keil\ARM\CMSIS\Include folder.

    Mar 30, 2012
• Sandeep Chapalkar

  How to connect a Micro-controller board to Laptop?

  I have a micro-controller board which has serial port interface , but my laptop doesn't have serial port. To program controller i tried through USB to serial adapter but its not detecting the boardI have a micro-controller board which has serial port interface , but my laptop doesn't have serial port. To program controller i tried through USB to serial adapter but its not detecting the board itself in spite of installing driver software

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    Supachai Vorapojpisut replied

    Normally, USB-serial is just about making a serial port, not to bridge with an embedded board. Therefore you will not see any microcontroller board on the hardware list on MS Windows. You may have toNormally, USB-serial is just about making a serial port, not to bridge with an embedded board. Therefore you will not see any microcontroller board on the hardware list on MS Windows. You may have to check whether voltage level is compatible as well. PC with 9-pin serial port tends to have 12V according to RS232C standard, while USB-serial may be either UART-TTL level (5V) or RS232 level. In addition, embedded board programmable via serial port is old style. You may have to reset the board at the time of firmware download stage in order to invoke bootloader.

    Mar 30, 2012
• Rolf Thomasius

  Which unit testing framework do you prefer for embedded systems?

  I face a choice of a unit test framework for C on embedded systems. I want to test software modules for embedded systems implemented in C. The framework must have a small footprint due to resourceI face a choice of a unit test framework for C on embedded systems. I want to test software modules for embedded systems implemented in C. The framework must have a small footprint due to resource restrictions. It must be also portable to different platforms. I identified CUnit, EmbeddedUnit, and µCUnit as feasible choices. What are your experiences with these and other frameworks? Do you know advantages and disadvantages? Did you take other choices?

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    Supachai Vorapojpisut replied

    It is quite hard to find a unit testing framework in embedded world, compared to Java or any desktop OS-based programming language. Cross-platform development is to build software on PC, thenIt is quite hard to find a unit testing framework in embedded world, compared to Java or any desktop OS-based programming language. Cross-platform development is to build software on PC, then transfer to the target board. This causes a big constraint on how to activate code, input arguments, and get the result. Normally unit testing is to verify and catch differences in actual output and expected output for each function, in an automated sense. C language provides assert function to trap status differences, that is ok for logical and application layers, but not hardware abstraction layer. If we would like to catch physical output, we need to develop our own automated instruments around the processor board. Some automotive devlopment firms make use of hardware-in-loop device, that is very expensive. In my openion, you may consider a procedure for human testers and a guideline on functional testing of embedded hardware. That should be a more realistic solution.

    Mar 30, 2012
• Sri Ram

  Is wireless transmission possible? If yes, how can we transmit?

  Whether it is possible for longer distance? Whether the power will be lost or not while transmitting?
• Shivaram Kumar

  How to obtain analog output from DYP-ME003 PIR sensor ?

  It has a built in BISS0001 which converts the signal(analog) into digital pulses, suggestions to get the raw analog signal?. And is it possible to perform FFT to the analog data without employingIt has a built in BISS0001 which converts the signal(analog) into digital pulses, suggestions to get the raw analog signal?. And is it possible to perform FFT to the analog data without employing costly hardware?

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    Vladan Mitov replied

    Not really sure if you could convert it without complex electronics, but you could sample digital signal with analog converter and then process is trough FFT like analog. Yes it is possible, justNot really sure if you could convert it without complex electronics, but you could sample digital signal with analog converter and then process is trough FFT like analog. Yes it is possible, just acquire the data and process it offline with some signal processing software . IgorPro works for me always : http://www.wavemetrics.com/products/igorpro/dataanalysis/signalprocessing.htm

    Mar 23, 2012
• Amponsah Eric

  For summation of numbers from k=1 to infinity

  ∞ Write an algorithm to find the sum ∑ak of a convergent series and K=1 Calculate the running∞ Write an algorithm to find the sum ∑ak of a convergent series and K=1 Calculate the running time of your algorithm

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    Hassan Bedor replied

    The index K=1 what is this mean, it is a single value a1 no need for summsion

    Mar 23, 2012
• abd alaziz Henkol

  Mobile processors :

  Hello, anyone know how to learn nokia's mobile processors? How to program them? Any website with information? Any datasheet for any nokia's processors?

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    Anik Kumar Samanta replied

    Most of the processors are based upon ARM. The processor cores are manufactured by ST micro, LPC ,etc You need development boards from vendors like keil. These can be programmed using keil IDE(MDK)

    Mar 9, 2012
• Rajeev Jaggavarapu

  what is ASIC and and Design flow and Design concepts?

  I am doing my M.Tech in VLSI course...for reasearch on ASIC design concepts i need informatio about ASIC design flow...can any one give the details of ASIC design flow? thanking you
• SYED KHYZER ALI Abidi

  Hi, I want to integrate a Tilt/Acceleration sensor having SPI output with a processor that is capable of features mentioned in the details below:

  1- Memory option (SD card) to store the sensor's data on-board 2- able to be programmed to send data over Ethernet port 3- able to be programmed to send data over serial port. Please suggest me1- Memory option (SD card) to store the sensor's data on-board 2- able to be programmed to send data over Ethernet port 3- able to be programmed to send data over serial port. Please suggest me suitable processor for the above mentioned requirements. Please let me know if you have better ideas to achieve the above mentioned tasks!

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    Graeme Smith replied

    Ah, Arduino IS Atmel, specifically the Atmel AVR 168/328 and now beginning to support the AT Tiny 2/4/85 series, the 644P, 1280, 2560, and up to 90 or more alternatives within the Atmel product lineAh, Arduino IS Atmel, specifically the Atmel AVR 168/328 and now beginning to support the AT Tiny 2/4/85 series, the 644P, 1280, 2560, and up to 90 or more alternatives within the Atmel product line depending on available Cores for G++. The Arduino name comes from the software platform a quick and dirty IDE that is available for free. The breakout boards have strange names like UNO, TINY, MEGA, and SANGUINO. I won't get into the wide range of products by third party manufacturers, but there is no shortage of those. Those of us familiar with the PIC family, would be pleased to find that they are also creating cores for G++ but as far as I know they only started with their 32 bit processors. One of the good things about the arduino, is that the manufacturers mix and match the functions, so that they arrive at distinctly different versions without changing too much, but so that they have things like SD card support etc. It's like they (PIC) don't want to support the tiniest processors except in the tiniest packages which are difficult for hobbyists to use.

    Feb 1, 2012
• Nirbhay Mathur

  How we can interface keybord ,lcd and microcontroler for display message?

  if we are having microcontroller (ATMEL) how we can interface keybord and lcd?

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    Rajanna KM replied

    Please refer Mazidi text book "The 8051 microcontroller & embedded systems" you will get an idea.

    Jan 11, 2012
• Saikrishna Potluri

  Fpga programming in vhdl (to represnt 256 bits with less than 8 bits that is may be in 3 bits)

  Can any one help me how to represent a 256 bits using less than 8 bits..i need to do it in fpga programming,internal complexity is not considered but it should be with in 3 external select lines itCan any one help me how to represent a 256 bits using less than 8 bits..i need to do it in fpga programming,internal complexity is not considered but it should be with in 3 external select lines it should represent 256 bits with internal complexity can any one please help me to do this logic please

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    Mircea Pop replied

    More info would help solving - please provide. Regards!

    Jan 12, 2012