Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

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1 EIS on mild steel?
By Alejandro Gutierrez · National Distance Education University

Ross Birney · University of the West of Scotland

This might be relevant: "Research on Corrosion Characteristics of Mild Steel in Sea Water at Weihai", Yan Gang Wang, Xing Hua Tong et al., 2012, App... [more]

This might be relevant: "Research on Corrosion Characteristics of Mild Steel in Sea Water at Weihai", Yan Gang Wang, Xing Hua Tong et al., 2012, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 229-231, 31

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5 What are the possible explanations of the inductive loop at low frequencies in Nyquist plot (EIS) ?
By Tewfik Souier · Masdar Institute of Science and Technology

Marina Maleeva · Russian Academy of Sciences

Dear Tewfik, observation capacitive or inductive loop is determined by the ratio of the kinetic constants. In first approximation, low frequency in... [more]

Dear Tewfik, observation capacitive or inductive loop is determined by the ratio of the kinetic constants. In first approximation, low frequency inductive loop can be associated with dissolution process, but capacitance - with deposition process. Impedance theory fully described in the works of Keddam and co (J. Electrochem. Soc. (1981),V. 128, pp. 257, 266). Some answers can you find in my article (see attachment). Regards, Marina.

Article.pdf ×

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1 How can the thickness of layer be estimated from spectra of electrochemical impudence?
By Touhami Lanez · El-Oued University

Alejandro Gutierrez · National Distance Education University

That may help: http://www.consultrsr.com/resources/eis/coatingc.htm If the deposit forms a coating-like layer should work loking at the capacitance

That may help: http://www.consultrsr.com/resources/eis/coatingc.htm If the deposit forms a coating-like layer should work loking at the capacitance

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1 Has anyone used 'ZSimpWin'? How many computers can this program be installed on with only one serial?
By Erhan Karaca · Hacettepe University

Mohd Hazwan Hussin · Universiti Sains Malaysia

Yes, i use this software quite often. Well, this software is work best with Windows 7 or XP or its older version. So far, i have tried to install it o... [more]

Yes, i use this software quite often. Well, this software is work best with Windows 7 or XP or its older version. So far, i have tried to install it on my Windows Vista PC but it doesn't work. Perhaps you can try to download the software again via this site (http://www.echemsw.com/demo02.htm) and try to install in the best compatible Windows software.

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1 I am trying to work on microRNA for detection of prosate cancer. Does anyone know if microRNA can be used for EIS measurements?
By Pawan Jolly · University of Bath

Ugur Kayran

There are many study about impedance based nucleic acid sensor and many protocol for the immobilization of nucleic acids on sensor surface. I am sure ... [more]

There are many study about impedance based nucleic acid sensor and many protocol for the immobilization of nucleic acids on sensor surface. I am sure that you can find what you want to learn. I attached some doi numbers which will help you for your research. DOI: 10.1021/ac102370s ,DOI: 10.1021/ac302883c , DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.01.028

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10 Avoid electrode polarization?
By Peggy Reich · Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques

Bernard Boukamp · Universiteit Twente

Ideally the counter electrode should be perfectly reversible. It then depends on the composition of the electrolyte whether that is possible. When you... [more]

Ideally the counter electrode should be perfectly reversible. It then depends on the composition of the electrolyte whether that is possible. When you have chlorine in the electrolyte then a Ag/AgCl electrode would do the job (if it is large enough). But you need to check the counter electrode regularly and rejuvenate it when necessary.

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1 Can we measure dielectric parameters such as έ ε” M M” from Impedance plot (Z' vs -Z") of a solid electrolyte using Autolab P/G stat?
By Chithra Mathew · Alagappa University

S. Shkerin · Russian Academy of Sciences

First of all, only P-state mode is correct in case of electrochemical cell. Can explain why if it is not obvious. Second, it depends on spectra. Show... [more]

First of all, only P-state mode is correct in case of electrochemical cell. Can explain why if it is not obvious. Second, it depends on spectra. Show its

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Question:
Open The charge transfer resistance values are increasing from 0 rpm to 2200 rpm. But the icorr values are also increasing underhydrodynamic conditions, why?
The charge transfer resistance values of Cu-Ni alloy in seawater increased sharply as time at with increase in rotation speed from 0 rpm to 2200 rmp, ... [more]

The charge transfer resistance values of Cu-Ni alloy in seawater increased sharply as time at with increase in rotation speed from 0 rpm to 2200 rmp, but icorr was also increased a little as time at 2200 rmp. Can any one tell me the reason for that?

By Chaitanya Kumar Kanukula · National Institute of Technology, Warangal

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25 Why is it necessary to fit EIS data to equivalent circuits?
By Jose Sousa · University of Minho

Jose Sousa · University of Minho

The Nyquist plot represents the full cell!

The Nyquist plot represents the full cell!

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5 Does anyone have any experience with measurements of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at DNA-modified hanging mercury drop electrode?
By Vlastimil Vyskočil · Charles University in Prague

Lucia Becucci · University of Florence

Well, I have been working with mercury electrodes for about 20 years. In fact, in our lab. we are studying mercury supported lipid mono- and bi-layers... [more]

Well, I have been working with mercury electrodes for about 20 years. In fact, in our lab. we are studying mercury supported lipid mono- and bi-layers as experimental models of biological membranes. In particular we study the permeabilizing effect caused on these biomimetic systems by small protein or polypeptides able to form membranes ion channels. For this reason I am used to work with redox ions on mercury verifying their hability to cross our models incorporating the ion channels forming molecules. I think that also Europium ions may work.

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4 EIS data interpretation
By Mariam Ali · Sabanci University

Adel Attia · National Research Center, Egypt

Send me a text (ascii) file containing imaginary, real impedance and frequency and I will have a look, I do not have the latest version of word. Regar... [more]

Send me a text (ascii) file containing imaginary, real impedance and frequency and I will have a look, I do not have the latest version of word. Regards.

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Answer added to:
5 How primitive can be calculated from electrochemical impedance spectra?
By Touhami Lanez · El-Oued University

Lucia Becucci · University of Florence

I think that the dielectric constant of an aqueous solution cannot change significantly depending on the salts dissolved in it. Can you tell me exactl... [more]

I think that the dielectric constant of an aqueous solution cannot change significantly depending on the salts dissolved in it. Can you tell me exactly the composition of your solution?

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2 Scanning electrochemical microscopy alternating current mode for enzymes surfaces.
By Inga Morkvenaite-Vilkonciene · Vilnius University

Inga Morkvenaite-Vilkonciene · Vilnius University

I already measured activity of enzymes in feedback mode, this is almost clear for me. But AC-SECM is difficult. I read your dissertation and found int... [more]

I already measured activity of enzymes in feedback mode, this is almost clear for me. But AC-SECM is difficult. I read your dissertation and found interesting things. Thank you very much for answer. Maybe you can to send your articles to me? Vilnius University does not give access.

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6 What is the 3-electrode convention in the Solartron SI1260 FRA instrument ?
By Sai Smaran · Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Nguyen Anh · Universität Freiburg

Dear Sai Smaran Firs, I would like to ask you that, which kind of reference electrode did you use? I will send you the detail about what I am ... [more]

Dear Sai Smaran Firs, I would like to ask you that, which kind of reference electrode did you use? I will send you the detail about what I am doing. Best regards Anh

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Answer added to:
3 How to measure electrode potential?
By Nilesh Mahale · North Maharashtra University

Sam Adeloju · Monash University

Really, the best way to get reliable detailed electrochemical properties/characteristics of a new electrode material is to use a potentiostat/galvanos... [more]

Really, the best way to get reliable detailed electrochemical properties/characteristics of a new electrode material is to use a potentiostat/galvanostat. It is a pity your potentiostat is no longer working, but that is not the end of the world, you can build one yourself for $50-100. We have shown you how you can do this in the attached paper. If you are not familiar with electronics, I am sure your electronics staff can help you build this within a day.There are many other reported approaches for building potentiostats in the literature. Good luck!!!

Build Your Own Potentiostat × E.P. Toups, A.R. Basman, S.B. Adeloju

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Answer added to:
11 How to reduce bubble in charge discharge measurement?
By Izan Izwan · Universiti Malaysia Pahang

Atteya Alberbery · Academy of Chinese Culture of Health Sciences

I think you can use ammonia but very small amount

I think you can use ammonia but very small amount

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4 Is negative bulk resistance possible?
By Chithra Mathew · Alagappa University

Kai Lin Woon · University of Malaya

note of negative differential resistance. Is it duplicable...or else you might have metallic contamination

note of negative differential resistance. Is it duplicable...or else you might have metallic contamination

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Answer added to:
5 How to measure the conductivity and impedance of PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) membranes?
By Mariam Ali · Sabanci University

Ershad Mistri · IIT Kharagpur

I suggest you to go through our paper. Hope you can get all the details about your query. Link is given below: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar... [more]

I suggest you to go through our paper. Hope you can get all the details about your query. Link is given below: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376738812003237 Medium should be deionized water or humidified air.

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13 Can anyone clarify the difference between potentiostatic and galvanostatic impedance?
By Venkat Raman ramakrishnan · Coimbatore Institute of Technology

Lucia Becucci · University of Florence

Hi! As to my experience the potentistatic mode is usually preferred. When you work in galvanostatic mode you select a current value and you record the... [more]

Hi! As to my experience the potentistatic mode is usually preferred. When you work in galvanostatic mode you select a current value and you record the voltage required to maintain that current value. It often happens that even small current amplitude variations generate high potential variations. In this case you cannot have a linear response in your system and the data you obtain are not good enough. I suggest you to use the potentiostatic method. If you need some more help you can freely contact me, even directly by the use of e-mail. Good luck for your work.

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Answer added to:
4 How to measure impedance of a cubic sample? electrochemical impedance
By Chamas Mohamad · Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon

Chamas Mohamad · Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon

Find attached file cell that i use, size sample (WE) 1cm*1cm*6mm.

Find attached file cell that i use, size sample (WE) 1cm*1cm*6mm.

cellule.pdf ×

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34 Impedance in 3-electrode cell is between WE and RE or WE and CE?
By Ali Seifitokaldani · Montreal Polytechnic

Mostafa Ghaemmaghami · Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences

Impedance in 3-electrode cell is between WE and RE

Impedance in 3-electrode cell is between WE and RE

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Answer added to:
13 How can I fit some EIS data to an equivalent circuit?
By Pedro Molina · University of Glasgow

Nayda Patricia Arias Duque · National University of Colombia

also you maybe use the LEVM/LEVMW software developed by J .R McDonald for fit your data. The following is the link to the web page http://www.jrossma... [more]

also you maybe use the LEVM/LEVMW software developed by J .R McDonald for fit your data. The following is the link to the web page http://www.jrossmacdonald.com/levminfo.html

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1 Corosion rate calculation from impedance spectrums?
By Essa Ahmed · University of Leicester

Ross Birney · University of the West of Scotland

If you have software (e.g. Gamry eChem Analyst) that you can use to fit the data to a physically realistic equivalent circuit model, then you should b... [more]

If you have software (e.g. Gamry eChem Analyst) that you can use to fit the data to a physically realistic equivalent circuit model, then you should be able to calculate the polarisation resistance, Rp. You might find this paper useful for an example model: http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2009/fpl_2009_zelinka001.pdf Rp is inversely proportional to the corrosion rate. Of course, fitting the EIS data can introduce additional uncertainty into your corrosion rate calculation, but this method has the advantage that it allows you to compensate for solution resistance in the cell. If you then run a short a linear DC polarisation experiment (and construct a Tafel plot), you can obtain the anodic and cathodic Tafel coefficients. (Alternatively, these could be approximated by using published values for the metal of interest). Use the value you calculated for Rp from your EIS fit, and the Tafel coefficients to calculate the corrosion current density, i_corr. (The relevant equation is in the reference above). Finally, to obtain a corrosion rate estimation, Corrosion rate = (i_corr.M) / (ρ.F.n.) Where i_corr is corrosion current density in A.cm^-2, M is the molar weight of the species corroding in g.mol^-1, ρ is the volume density of the species corroding in g.cm^-3, F is Faraday's constant (96490C.mol^-1), and n is the valence of the corrosion reaction. This will give you a corrosion rate in cm.s^-1, which you can convert to whichever units you want.

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5 Can anyone help me in measuring EIS for DSSCs? I'm not able to get a Nyquist plot with transmission line feature.
By Alagappan Annamalai · Konkuk University

Muhammad Zaimi · Technical University of Malaysia Malacca

Can you describe the Nyquist plot much detail? Im guessing the first semicircle is very small compare to the second.

Can you describe the Nyquist plot much detail? Im guessing the first semicircle is very small compare to the second.

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5 Does anyone have any suggestions or ideas about the use of Warburg element in the circuit for impedance analysis of solid/ gel type of turbid materials?
By Sai Smaran · Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Mohtashim Shamsi · University of Toronto

Indeed, EIS is itself is a bizarre technique. Warburg impedance is more prominent in Nyquist plot. Nowadays, Nyquist plot is more popular due to its s... [more]

Indeed, EIS is itself is a bizarre technique. Warburg impedance is more prominent in Nyquist plot. Nowadays, Nyquist plot is more popular due to its simplicity, however, in energy cell fields Bode's plot is valued because it contains the frequency information. Bode's plot can be easily fit into circuit, misfits are more prominent in Nyquist plots. See, if the tale in lower frequency (Nyquist plot) is 45 degree angle then it's consider as Warburg impedance. If the tale is flat or at different angle, then it is different and difficult to explain and won't be fit any ways. It seems because of higher temperature, your surface properties change. Just to tell you, EIS is not an easy technique specially in terms of interpretation...you need a lot more experiements to get some thing reasonable and more meaningful from EIS. Good Luck!

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6 (suitable) Ag/AgCl reference electrode for EIS studies
By Ahmet Becerikli · Ruhr-Universität Bochum

Ahmet Becerikli · Ruhr-Universität Bochum

Thanks a lot!

Thanks a lot!

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8 Any blind point about EIS? (how to gain signal, how to choose circuit model , modification related signals?)
By Z. Onur Uygun · Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi

Ahmet Becerikli · Ruhr-Universität Bochum

Hi there, I want to start with EIS on TiO2/ITO substrates. ITO glass was coated with a TiO2 suspension --> dried --> pressed --> calcined. Which inf... [more]

Hi there, I want to start with EIS on TiO2/ITO substrates. ITO glass was coated with a TiO2 suspension --> dried --> pressed --> calcined. Which info can I get about TiO2 itself? And what do I have to take into account regarding the measurement? Thanks

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3 Is it chemically or thermodynamically possible to reduce MgV2O6 to MgV2O5 using carbon at argon atmosphere?
By Atoy Aya · Toyohashi University of Technology

Peter Zavalij · University of Maryland, College Park

It seems possible teoretically but we have to consider very different crystal structures of MgV2O6 and MgV2O5 which may pose significant obstacle as r... [more]

It seems possible teoretically but we have to consider very different crystal structures of MgV2O6 and MgV2O5 which may pose significant obstacle as reaction is conducted in solid state. Peter Zavalij

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2 Why does the dielectric constant go down after pera to ferro-electric transition in ferroelectric materials?
By Jitender Kumar · UGC-DAE,CSR,INDORE

Jitender Kumar · UGC-DAE,CSR,INDORE

Very nice sir J. Petzelt

Very nice sir J. Petzelt

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12 Noise at ~10Hz

Thomas Booker · Southwest Research Institute

Faraday cage! I have seen this phenomena using a Zahner BAS system. It is always best to test your reaction cell or other test fixture using the cyc... [more]

Faraday cage! I have seen this phenomena using a Zahner BAS system. It is always best to test your reaction cell or other test fixture using the cyclic voltametry function, and trying to induce noise in the measurement ( you can see things in real time this way). I was able to wave my hand over the fixture, and see horrific capacitive and inductive noises induced into the system, You need to work on your grounding scheme, and you need to enclose the test fixture in a Faraday Cage that is referenced to the same single point ground as all of your other instruments, and power supplies. SINGLE POINT GROUND! To a good earth reference. One other thing that chemists tend to be slobs about, is not making sure your electrode contacts are solid, and clean. No oxide caked alligator clips, and rusty rods. Reference electrode must be a reference, counter and working electrodes must be clean connections, otherwise you will be measuring the corrosion characteristics of your probe connections, and not the reaction process.

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About Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

EIS is an effective technique to measure all binding kinetics and electrode-electrolyte surface interactions.

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Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

About Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

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