Brain Physiology

• Prashant Deshmukh

  What is the neuronal motor function which allows an image to be perceived on the eye?

  Neuronal basis motar function.

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    Prashant Deshmukh replied

    sir ,what Anu explain that is interesting but i did not get my answer.

    3 hours ago
• Munvar Shaik

  Can any one tell me how Estrogen can modulate Cortical Spreading Depression?

  Cortical spreading depression proposed as the reason for AURA in migraine. Is Estrogen has any effect on this CSD ? if yes, can i know the pathways....
• Zahra Hosseini

  Memory and Brain

  Good night I need to find somebody how knows about all pathways of memory in the brain... Can you help me? Thank you...

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    Zahra Hosseini replied

    Thanks alot

    1 day ago
• Gloria Kim

  Dopamine and ascorbic acid concentration in extracelluar fluid of the brain.

  What are dopamine and ascorbic acid concentrations in extracellular fluid of the brain of a normal person? Is this concentration be similar to the concentration found in other parts of body?

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    Lanfranco R.P. Troncone replied

    Dear Gloria. I briefly checked the link you offered and it seems very interesting and technically challenging. I still believe that an appropriate knowledge of the pathological basis of disease isDear Gloria. I briefly checked the link you offered and it seems very interesting and technically challenging. I still believe that an appropriate knowledge of the pathological basis of disease is absolutely necessary to conceive devices or new treatments for diseases. Nanotubes and nanosensors may one day be important tools to investigate these factors and serve as treatment methods. All sorts of developments should be stimulated because one day those may be applied in therapeutics. I personally consider that investigating the cause of disease is a priority, though. This applies also to the strategies of the big pharma industry (interestingly). Regards, Lanfranco

    9 days ago
• Leila Arbabi

  Which ELISA Kits are suitable for assaying dopamine and noradrenaline in rat brain sample?

  I need to assay dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin of rat brain during my research project, but I couldn't find ELISA kits which are suitable for rat brain samples.

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    Filip Bergquist replied

    See if you can find someone "nearby" (within 24h freight) that can do HPLC for you

    19 days ago
• Sriraghavan S M

  Rebirth

  Is it possible that neural networks in two different brains separeated by few centuries in time can produce same experience in two individuals. If yes, then is this what we confuse with rebirth?

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    Graeme Smith replied

    Well I thnk the first researcher to publish (although I might be wrong) the concept that DNA was not enough to explain the complexity of the brain, was in fact Dr. Gerald M. Edelman, his booksWell I thnk the first researcher to publish (although I might be wrong) the concept that DNA was not enough to explain the complexity of the brain, was in fact Dr. Gerald M. Edelman, his books include such titles as "The Remembered Present", "Neural Darwinism", "Wider than the sky"' and "Bright Air, Brilliant Fire". I should warn you that while each book develops different themes the general trend is for him to review his previous works while writing the new book, so you end up going over the same material time after time if you try to read the series. Another good author might be Gary Markus, who has written such works as "Kludge", "The Algebraic Mind", and "The Birth of the Mind". Although I don't know a good reference for it, you might want to look into convergence, the tendency for similar systems to work in similar ways. As an adjunct to this, there is the theory that Optimal Systems will tend to have the same solution, and that the brain utilizes a self-optimizing strategy similar to Genetic Programming and parallel meta-heuristics to search for more optimal tactics. If this is the case, then at a higher level of organization it is entirely likely that there is a convergence of possible states, and that this convergence makes possible the recognition of a personality type, similar to that of a previously known person. Given that they act like the same person, it is entirely likely that they may act as if they have knowledge of an earlier incarnation, if only because they have been taught that they are that person, and have studied the life of that person, and think in a similar manner to that person, and may even believe that they are that person. Confabulation would often allow them to create memories that reflect their supposed former life. If an uncritical ear is leant to such confabulations the listener may in fact add to the belief by giving the subconscious clues to what is expected. If so, I would not look at the neural level for this recognition but at the orbital prefrontal cortex where the self-model is built. I hope this helps.

    Nov 25, 2010
• Kristy Shimp

  What is the best method for dissecting anatomically specific rat brain tissue?

  I'm trying to isolate striatum, PFC, and amygdala from whole brain tissue from Long-Evans rats in a uniform manner (for use in a ChIP and/or immunoblot procedure(s)). I've tried doing this free-handI'm trying to isolate striatum, PFC, and amygdala from whole brain tissue from Long-Evans rats in a uniform manner (for use in a ChIP and/or immunoblot procedure(s)). I've tried doing this free-hand and worry about the consistency among samples. Does anyone have any experience with using cryostat sections and then punching out specific regions? Are there any other techniques that would perhaps be better??

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    Matt Valdez replied

    We have been optimizing the a very similar technique. We want to collect RNA from the supraoptic nucleus of rats. What we have been doing is snap freezing the brain after removing it. Then we sectionWe have been optimizing the a very similar technique. We want to collect RNA from the supraoptic nucleus of rats. What we have been doing is snap freezing the brain after removing it. Then we section the frozen brain at 300um, then use our MacGyver'd tissue puncher to remove the SON and then eject the punch in Trizol. I just got the qPCR data back and it looks like our technique works. Our lab is not in the best economical status right now so we have tried to optimize this process to be as efficient and cheap as possible. Everyone here has given spot on advise, if you would like a little more detail about our protocol let me know and I can send you some images of our setup. One thing to be aware of if you are trying to isolate nucleic acids from these sections is that it is imperative the brain remains frozen from the second its out of the brain until it hits the Trizol (trizol not RNALater since the later is for fresh tissue). We do this by having a few boxes dry ice on hand and again we MacGyver'd some dry ice stages to keep everything cold. LCM is another option except that as it stands today, it is very costly. Good luck

    Apr 12, 2012

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    Frederick Gage replied

    You might want to check out James Belluzzi at the University of California, Irvine for the pharmacological effects of nicotine. Good Luck

    Apr 2, 2012
• Lindsay Sarah

  Does heat dull the human senses?

  How does it and what senses?

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    Matteo Cerri replied

    The exposure to a cold environment activates the skin cold afference that, after a couple of synapses, arrive in the medial preoptic area in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus then activatesThe exposure to a cold environment activates the skin cold afference that, after a couple of synapses, arrive in the medial preoptic area in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus then activates thermogenetic organ (cutaneous vasocontriction, activation of brown adipose tissue, shivering), so to conserve body temperature before body temperature drops. Together with the autonomic activation, there is also an increase in vigilance and a reduction in the sleep drive. It may be mediated by the activation of the Orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, but it is not clear for now. So, the opposite happens when you are exposed to a warmer (but not too much warmer) environment. In order to keep body temperature constant, the hypothalamus induced cutaneous vasodilation, arterial pressure and heart rate diminishes, motor activity is reduced and eventually also metabolism. In conclusion then, in a warm environment, the drive for wakefulness is reduced and the one for sleep increased.

    Mar 19, 2012
• Namrata Upadhayay

  mood

  fluctuating mood....disaster....irritation...

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    Antonio Lucero replied

    You have to condition your state of mind to be in the realm in which you have to perform your "duty", Do something easy, that you feel comfortable doing, just so you prime your mind to think in thatYou have to condition your state of mind to be in the realm in which you have to perform your "duty", Do something easy, that you feel comfortable doing, just so you prime your mind to think in that context. Once you have spent, say, 5 minutes doing this, you will be in the frame of mind to address the tasks you have to perform.

    Mar 18, 2012
• Victor Cabas

  Good morning.. I need to find somebody ho knows about brain waves... Can you help me? Thank you..

  I wanna know more about it. and i have a crazy idea....

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    Senthil nathan cb replied

    #H1-566. L4P3-4. Thanks for the information-s. Then there are waves or only graphs? How to understand this better?

    Mar 18, 2012
• Anirudh Kumar Satsangi

  Brain and Mind

  According to Prof. U.R.Rao (2000): "While most of the neuroscientists believe that all aspects of mind including consciousness and awareness are due to a large set of impacting neurons, the exactAccording to Prof. U.R.Rao (2000): "While most of the neuroscientists believe that all aspects of mind including consciousness and awareness are due to a large set of impacting neurons, the exact relationship between the mind and the brain still continues to be a mystery." However, I have attempted to define mind so as to show its exact relationship with our nervous system. This definition also enables us to study mind scientifically. The definition is: "Mind is the function of autonomic nervous system (ANS) and electromagnetic waves facilitates its function."

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    Anirudh Kumar Satsangi replied

    Yes, there exists relationship between mind and heart too. Philosophically heart is also considered as the seat of mind. But to my view point heart is under the control of autonomic nervous systemYes, there exists relationship between mind and heart too. Philosophically heart is also considered as the seat of mind. But to my view point heart is under the control of autonomic nervous system and ANS is largely under hypothalamic control. So I defined mind as the function of autonomic nervous system and hypothalamus as mind-body interaction point.. Thank you very much Zahra Hosseini for your very nice question.

    Mar 4, 2012
• Lindsay Sarah

  Why is it easier for a child to understand a book while looking at it then it is for them to be looking away and listening?

  I am just curious. Even if they are completely focused and attentive, it is harder to understand what is going on unless they are reading along.

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    Steven Telleen replied

    I apologize for using the imprecise term vision. Let me rephrase the question by replacing "except vision" with "except receptors for electromagnetic spectra" since that was the original intent whenI apologize for using the imprecise term vision. Let me rephrase the question by replacing "except vision" with "except receptors for electromagnetic spectra" since that was the original intent when using the word vision. You bring up the excellent point that we likely would not be aware of the larger universe, but that still does not negate the question. We would be like the people of Krikkit in Douglas Adams' book "Life the Universe and Everything," developing as humans with no concept of anything beyond our own planet. Our vision evolved on this planet, and was shaped by what was important for survival on this planet. From a physical perspective we see this in the very narrow range of the electromagnetic spectrum that we actually can perceive. From both an artistic and a neurophysiology perspective we see this when we look at an E.M. Escher drawing that violates assumptions our built in brain circuitry expects. It is discomforting for many people, but what we perceive as our "visual" world is not directly what is there. It is a 3-dimensional model assembled by our brains from dots on our two dimensional retina. It is much like the 3-dimensional CAT scan a computer assembles from a series of signals sent by receptors sensing changes in a part of the electromagnetic spectrum for which we as humans have no receptors. Three-dimensional models of the physical world can be built from pressure wave receptors (sound) just as they are from electromagnetic wave receptors. We do this with sonograms and bats appear to do this in the natural world. I also have read that at least some children blind from birth seem to build a 3-dimensional model of the world by feeding the spacial processing modules in their brain with echolocation action potentials. The current explosion in neurophysiology experimental techniques and understanding has only made this question more interesting to me.

    Feb 25, 2012
• Mary Elkins

  How does growing up in an alcoholic home affect a person?

  Children are affected. How does this show up later in life?

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    John Voris replied

    Louis, Read the impact of alcoholism on family members and you will find volumes on the topic. Each subcategory to alcoholism is a course. While there are many things in life that areLouis, Read the impact of alcoholism on family members and you will find volumes on the topic. Each subcategory to alcoholism is a course. While there are many things in life that are simple--alcoholism and its impact is not one of them.

    Feb 23, 2012
• Shitanshu Mishra

  I want some EEG dataset corresponding to some mental response towards visual stimulus. Can any one help me with linksor datasets?

  I want some EEG dataset corresponding to some mental response towards visual stimulus. For e.g. One visual scene may be an animal's picture and other types of scene may be bird pictures. I want toI want some EEG dataset corresponding to some mental response towards visual stimulus. For e.g. One visual scene may be an animal's picture and other types of scene may be bird pictures. I want to check my classifier on diferent datasets.....

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    Shitanshu Mishra replied

    @Elena: Can you suggest some benchmark Datasets related to non-movement mental task?

    Feb 15, 2012