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ABSTRACT: Karst rocky desertification is a process of land desertification associated with human disturbances of the fragile karst ecosystems. The fractional cover of photosynthetic vegetation (PV) and exposed bedrock (Rock) are the main land surface symptoms of karst rocky desertification. In this study, we explored a new methodology for quantifying the PV and Rock with remote sensing technology. To reduce the effects of the high heterogeneity of karst ecosystems on vegetation information extraction, the whole image was segmented into relatively homogeneous subsets, and then, the PV was estimated using a normalized difference vegetation index-spectral mixture analysis (NDVI-SMA) model. The percentage of exposed bedrock was estimated using a karst rocky desertification synthesis index and lignin cellulose absorption index. The results showed that the heterogeneity of a complex landscape is a major factor in the uncertainty of PV retrievals. The fractional cover of PV can be accurately estimated by the proposed method (r (2) was 0.9498 and 0.6246, respectively, for Hyperion and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER)), but might be underestimated using NDVI and overestimated using the NDVI-SMA model. The bedrock fractions can be rapidly and objectively estimated with Hyperion (Spearman, r (2) = 0.5295, p = 0.00004) or simulated ASTER (Spearman, r (2) = 0.4789, p = 0.001) imagery. Compared to multispectral images, hyperspectral images could be used to more accurately estimate the PV and Rock. Our findings indicate that PV and Rock can be directly and efficiently quantified using remote sensing technology in karst rocky desertification studies within a complex landscape.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 10/2012; · 1.40 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Karst rocky desertification is a progressive process of land degradation in karst regions in which soil is severely, or completely,
eroded. This process may be caused by natural factors, such as geological structure, and population pressure leading to poor
ecosystem health and lagging economic development. Karst rocky desertification is therefore a significant obstacle to sustainable
development in southwest China. We applied a radial basis function network model to assess the risk of karst rocky desertification
in northwest Guangxi, a typical karst region located in southwest China. Factors known to influence karst rocky desertification
were evaluated using remote sensing and geographic information systems techniques to classify the 23 counties in the study
area from low to extreme risk of karst rocky desertification. Counties with extreme or strong karst rocky desertification
risk (43.48%, nearly half of the study area) were clustered in the north, central and southeast portions of the study area.
Counties with low karst rocky desertification (30.43%) were located in the west, northeast and southwest of the study area.
The spatial distribution of karst rocky desertification was moderately correlated to population density.
KeywordsRadial basis function network (RBFN)–Karst rocky desertification–Northwest Guangxi, China–Remote sensing (RS)–Geographic information systems (GIS)
Environmental earth sciences 04/2012; 62(1):69-76. · 1.06 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Karst areas are one of the most fragile regions in the world. The Karst environment is very common in southwest China with
severe poverty and environmental degradation. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the Karst ecosystem and its ability to
provide goods and services for society. In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of organic productivity values
(OPV) in Northwest Guangxi, China in 1985, 1990, 2000, and 2005 using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques.
OPV showed a decreasing trend in the last 20 years though there were fluctuations. OPV was 184.85, 117.53, 163.66 and 177.25
million Yuan in 1985, 1990, 2000 and 2005, respectively. Woodland and shrub were the two largest contributors to total OPV.
They accounted for 70.51%, 69.13%, 73.92% and 66.23%, respectively, in those four years. Conversely, OPVof residential and
barren rock was low with a percentage of 0.70%, 0.56%, 0.57% and 0.90%, respectively. Spatially, OPVis higher in the west
than in the east. However, OPV increased in typical Karst areas but decreased in non-Karst areas. Our study indicates that
ecosystem conditions in Karst areas had improved because of the application of rocky desertification control policies.
KeywordsKarst-organic productivity values (OPV)-land use and land cover (LULC)-spatio-temporal variations
Frontiers of Earth Science in China 04/2012; 4(1):3-13.
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ABSTRACT: Temporal and spatial dynamics of soil moisture are little known on karst hillslope with shallow soil in subtropical region.
The objectives of this paper were (1) to investigate the temporal dynamics of soil moisture at depth of 0–10cm under different
land uses; and (2) to understand the relationship between mean and coefficient of variation (CV) of moisture contents on karst
hillslope in northwest Guangxi, China. Soil moisture contents had a moderate variation (CV 17.5–30.3%) over an 8-month period
and they had a significant difference among different land uses at the 0.01 level with a decreasing order: native scrubland>abandoned
cropland and sloping cropland>economic forestland. There were higher mean and lower CV of moisture contents in rainy season
than those in drought season. Mean and CV of moisture contents had a significant negative linear relationship except in abandoned
cropland with higher soil and vegetation heterogeneity. This suggested that spatial variability of soil moisture within sampling
sites would decrease when soils were wet and increase when soils were arid. Compared with rainy season, more soil samples
may be needed and the interval for sampling should be shortened in drought season. Such information provided some insights
to better understand the dynamics and variability of soil moisture at a larger scale in karst region of southwest China.
KeywordsSoil moisture dynamics-Land use-Topography-Hillslope-Karst region of southwest China
Environmental earth sciences 04/2012; 61(6):1105-1111. · 1.06 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Soil carbon management at landscape scale requires reliable information on the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, how to improve the accuracy of spatial prediction is not well addressed in the karst region of southwestern China. This study evaluates the performance of univariate kriging (ordinary kriging (OK)) and hybrid kriging (co-kriging (CK), regression kriging (RK) and residual maximum likelihood (REML)) in mapping the spatial distribution of SOC at a depth of 0-15 cm. Terrain attributes and the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) were used as ancillary variables.
The distribution of SOC was significantly related to NDVI and terrain attributes. Furthermore, geostatistical analyses reflected a moderately structured spatial correlation of SOC. Regression analyses identified the NDVI and slope as the best predictors for describing the spatial pattern of SOC. Combined with NDVI and slope gradient, REML and RK performed better in increasing map prediction accuracy and decreasing the soothing effect of kriging.
The spatial pattern of SOC was controlled by topography and cultivation activity. The predictive abilities of OK and CK were limited. Combined with the auxiliary variables, REML and RK can improve the prediction accuracy. This study is beneficial for the further research of precise SOC management in the typical karst landscape.
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 02/2012; 92(5):1094-102. · 1.44 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To determine the capacity of dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with single or multiple-peptide mixtures of novel hepatitis C virus (HCV) epitopes to stimulate HCV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector functions.
A bioinformatics approach was used to predict HLA-A2-restricted HCV-specific CTL epitopes, and the predicted peptides identified from this screen were synthesized. Subsequent IFN-γ ELISPOT analysis detected the stimulating function of these peptides in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from both chronic and self-limited HCV infected subjects (subjects exhibiting spontaneous HCV clearance). Mature DCs, derived in vitro from CD14(+) monocytes harvested from the study subjects by incubation with appropriate cytokine cocktails, were loaded with novel peptide or epitope peptide mixtures and co-cultured with autologous T lymphocytes. Granzyme B (GrB) and IFN-γ ELISPOT analysis was used to test for epitope-specific CTL responses. T-cell-derived cytokines contained in the co-cultured supernatant were detected by flow cytometry.
We identified 7 novel HLA-A2-restricted HCV-specific CTL epitopes that increased the frequency of IFN-γ-producing T cells compared to other epitopes, as assayed by measuring spot forming cells (SFCs). Two epitopes had the strongest stimulating capability in the self-limited subjects, one found in the E2 and one in the NS2 region of HCV; five epitopes had a strong stimulating capacity in both chronic and self-limited HCV infection, but were stronger in the self-limited subjects. They were distributed in E2, NS2, NS3, NS4, and NS5 regions of HCV, respectively. We also found that mDCs loaded with novel peptide mixtures could significantly increase GrB and IFN-γ SFCs as compared to single peptides, especially in chronic HCV infection subjects. Additionally, we found that DCs pulsed with multiple epitope peptide mixtures induced a Th1-biased immune response.
Seven novel and strongly stimulating HLA-A2-restricted HCV-specific CTL epitopes were identified. Furthermore, DCs loaded with multiple-epitope peptide mixtures induced epitope-specific CTLs responses.
PLoS ONE 01/2012; 7(6):e38390. · 4.09 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Human migration from the karst area to the non-karst area is an important approach for the restoration of degraded karst ecosystems. However, the effects of human-induced land-use change on soil properties are still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of land use and parent material on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) at a depth of 0-15 cm in karst and non-karst areas in southwest China.
In the karst area, SOC and TN under different land uses decreased significantly in the order of secondary forestland > scrubland and abandoned farmland > farmland, commercial forestland and forage grassland. In the non-karst area, SOC and TN were the highest in scrubland and grassland, and were significantly higher than those in farmland and commercial forestland. Because of differences in parent material, SOC and TN were significantly higher in the karst area than those in the non-karst area.
Abandoned farmland had the potential to increase SOC and TN significantly but land reclamation and cultivation had the opposite effect. SOC and TN were higher but cultivation-induced losses occurred more rapidly in calcareous soils than in red soils, indicating that more attention is needed for soil productivity and land use management in the karst area.
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 08/2011; 92(5):1086-93. · 1.44 Impact Factor
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CLEAN - Soil Air Water 06/2011; 39(7):619 - 625. · 2.18 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Remote sensing of local environmental conditions is not accessible if substrates are covered with vegetation. This study explored the relationship between vegetation spectra and karst eco-geo-environmental conditions. Hyperspectral remote sensing techniques showed that there were significant differences between spectral features of vegetation mainly distributed in karst and non-karst regions, and combination of 1,300- to 2,500-nm reflectance and 400- to 680-nm first-derivative spectra could delineate karst and non-karst vegetation groups. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) successfully assessed to what extent the variation of vegetation spectral features can be explained by associated eco-geo-environmental variables, and it was found that soil moisture and calcium carbonate contents had the most significant effects on vegetation spectral features in karst region. Our study indicates that vegetation spectra is tightly linked to eco-geo-environmental conditions and CCA is an effective means of studying the relationship between vegetation spectral features and eco-geo-environmental variables. Employing a combination of spectral and spatial analysis, it is anticipated that hyperspectral imagery can be used in interpreting or mapping eco-geo-environmental conditions covered with vegetation in karst region.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 01/2009; 160(1-4):157-68. · 1.40 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome basic core promoter (BCP) modulates HBeAg secretion at the transcriptional level. In addition to pre-core mutations, variations in the BCP are related to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B. HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients show a lower sustained response to interferon (IFN). The aim of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between HBV BCP mutation and sensitivity of HBV to IFN-alpha in vitro. BCP mutations were introduced by site-directed mutagenesis and the entire genomes of wild-type and mutant HBV were transiently transferred into Huh7 cells by calcium phosphate transfection. With or without IFN-alpha, viral products in the culture medium and viral replication intermediates in the cytoplasm were detected 3 days after transfection. The amount of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) secreted by wild-type HBV and the BCP mutant was similar, while HBeAg secreted by the mutant was decreased by 35.4%. HBV particles and replication intermediates of the BCP mutant were increased. After IFN-alpha was added, HBeAg, HBV DNA and HBV replication intermediates decreased for both the wild-type HBV (by 25.7%, 31.8%, 29.8%, respectively) and the BCP mutant (by 8.4%, 27.4%, 10.1%, respectively). These data indicate that HBV harboring the BCP double mutation has stronger replication competence and lower sensitivity to IFN-alpha than wild-type.
Antiviral Research 08/2007; 75(2):139-45. · 4.30 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Although interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) is an effective treatment for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, its precise mechanism of action has not been identified. In this study, we investigated the role of signal transduction pathways in the activation of anti-HBV responses mediated by IFN-alpha.
Using an oligo microarray, we found that four genes in the IFN-alpha signal pathway were markedly upregulated by IFN-alpha in human hepatoma cells regardless of whether they had been transfected with a plasmid containing the HBV genome: signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1), interferon regulatory factor-9 (IRF-9, also called ISGF3gamma or P48), IFN-alpha-inducible protein 15 (IFI-15) and IFN-alpha-inducible protein 6-16 (IFI-6-16). We also investigated the role of IFN-stimulated gene factor3 (ISGF3) complex in IFN-alpha-mediated anti-HBV responses in human hepatoma cells by measuring the mRNA of the three genes within ISGF3 (STAT1, STAT2 and IRF-9) using semiquantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and expression of the three proteins by western blot, and the mRNA and protein of dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR).
STAT1, STAT2, IRF-9 and PKR mRNA as well as protein levels were upregulated by IFN-alpha treatment. When cells were pretreated with genistein, STAT1, STAT2 and IRF-9 mRNA levels remained unchanged after IFN-alpha stimulation, but PKR mRNA levels decreased, and the expression of the STAT1, P-STAT2, IRF-9 and PKR proteins decreased. Levels of HBV DNA decreased in the supernatants of cells treated with IFN-alpha, while ISGF3 levels increased. The quantity of HBV DNA remained unchanged by pretreating with genistein.
These observations suggested that the Janus tyrosine kinase-STAT (JAK-STAT) pathway may play a major role in mediating the effects of IFN-alpha against HBV, and that ISGF3 might be a key factor.
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 07/2007; 23(11):1747-61. · 2.87 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to characterize the changes in metabolic intermediates and to investigate the metabolic profile of a mouse model of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), induced by D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (GalN/LPS). Plasma metabolite levels were detected using gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the acquired data were transferred into Simca-P and processed using principal components analysis (PCA). In total, 45 metabolites were identified from the 267 distinct compounds found in the study. Whereas significant differences were noted in the plasma levels of the control and FHF groups, no differences in gluconeogenesis or glycolysis were noted following GalN/LPS treatment. Our data also suggest that the production of ketone bodies, and the tricarboxylic acid and urea cycles, was inhibited. PCA data suggest that 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and phosphate parameters had the highest weights on each of the principal components, and that they were the most important metabolites contributing to the separation of groups. In conclusion, this metabonomic approach can be used as a powerful tool to characterize changes in metabolic intermediates and to search for metabolic markers under certain pathophysiological conditions, such as FHF. Our data also demonstrate that a combination of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and phosphate concentrations in the plasma is a potential marker for FHF, as well as for the early prognosis of FHF.
Journal of Proteome Research 07/2007; 6(6):2161-7. · 5.11 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: By the methods of geostatistics, this paper studied the spatial structure and distribution pattern of surface soil (0 - 5 and 5 - 10 cm) moisture content in the depression area of karst region in northwest Guangxi under moist and arid conditions in the forepart of dry season. The results showed that in test area, surface soil moisture content had obvious spatial heterogeneity and anisotropy, presenting a significantly different plaque distribution pattern. Under moist condition, surface soil moisture content had a medium or stronger spatial relativity, with a range of about 33.15 and 15.75 m, respectively, and an obvious trend effect in 0 - 5 cm soil layer. Under arid condition, the spatial relativity was strong, and the spatial scale of resembling plaque had somewhat decrease, with the smallest range being 8.22 m. The moisture content under arid condition had a higher spatial variability, and thus, the sampling strategy should be based on the mean soil moisture content. The significant difference in the spatial variability and distribution pattern of surface soil moisture in test area was mainly due to the effects of physiognomy, soil mean moisture (precipitation), and topography.
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban 01/2007; 17(12):2277-82.
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ABSTRACT: The study under natural and simulated rainfall conditions showed that the variance coefficient of soil water in the grassland and bare land on Loess Plateau decreased with increasing soil depth, and the vertical change of soil water in drought year in the profile could be divided into four layers. In rainy year, the variance coefficient of soil water decreased first, increased later, and decreased lastly with the increase of soil depth, due to the continual rainfall infiltration and intensive evapotranspiration. The variance coefficient at surface soil layer was obviously smaller in rainy year than in drought year. Compared with that in bare land, the soil water cycling in grassland was deeper in depth and greater in intensity, as well as higher in evapotranspiration. The temporal change of soil water mostly depended on rainfall and evapotranspiration, especially in surface soil layer, and the change of soil water lagged behind gradually from low to deep layers in the profile. Soil water storage had a seasonal change, and could be divided into three main periods, i. e., decreasing in spring, alternatively decreasing and increasing in summer and autumn, and relatively stable in winter. In drought year, soil water storage decreased, and infiltrated rainfall was all consumed by intensive evapotranspiration. In rainy year, soil water storage increased, but most infiltrated rainfall (more than 80%) was consumed by intensive evapotranspiration.
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban 11/2005; 16(10):1853-7.
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ABSTRACT: To study the effects of vitamin E on the proliferation and collagen synthesis of rat hepatic stellate cells treated with interleukin-2 (IL-2) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).
Hepatic stellate cells were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats by using modified Friedman's method. Using the isolated cells cultured and treated with IL-2 or TNF-alpha, we studied the effects of vitamin E on their proliferation and collagen synthesis through an (3)H-thymidine and (3)H-proline incorporation assay, as well as through observation of these cells under a contrary phase microscope.
Adding IL-2 increased the both proliferation and collagen synthesis of hepatic stellate cells. Their proliferation was also increased by the addition of TNF-alpha, although it decreased collagen synthesis. Vitamin E had marked inhibitory effects on the ability of cells treated with IL-2 or TNF-alpha to reproduce or synthesize collagen.
Vitamin E can inhibit the proliferation and collagen synthesis of hepatic stellate cells. It is possible that vitamin E affects liver fibrosis through these activities.
Chinese medical journal 04/2003; 116(3):472-4. · 0.86 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Studies on the effect of soil water and fertilizer on soybean yield on loess slope farmland showed that soybean yield (Y) increased linearly with the increase of water use efficiency (WUE). Soybean yield and WUE increase with the increase of P fertilizer when P fertilizer was applied alone, but increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of N fertilizer when N fertilizer was applied alone. Therefore, N fertilizer should be applied with P fertilizer. Compared to no fertilizer, fertilizer could significantly increase soybean yield and WUE by 86.76%-470.16% and 69.64%-438.47%, respectively. A combined application of N and P fertilizers could increase more soybean yield and WUE than applied each of them alone, and the rational ratio of N and P (P2O5) was 1.3:1.
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban 03/2003; 14(2):211-4.
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Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology 01/2003; 10(6):469-70.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the variations of HCV core and E2 region epitopes during transfusion of activated immune cells.
Four patients receiving transfusion of activated immune cells were under continuously observation. HCV titers were measured by quantitive PCR. HCV core and E2 regions were cloned and sequences were analyzed by computer software.
During the follow-up the serum ALT levels and the HCV virus titers fluctuated greatly in each of these persons. After transfusion, no significant variations were observed in HCV core and E2 coding regions.
The alteration of host immune attacks could induce the fluctuations of HCV load without any mutations in the currently observed coding genes of the epitopes.
Zhonghua shi yan he lin chuang bing du xue za zhi = Zhonghua shiyan he linchuang bingduxue zazhi = Chinese journal of experimental and clinical virology 01/2003; 16(4):329-32.
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ABSTRACT: To obtain very end full-length cDNA of hepatitis C virus (HCV) 5' untranslated region (5' UTR), and analyse its primary and secondary structure.
By reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), a patient infected with genotype 2a HCV was found. Total RNA isolated from the serum as template, the cDNA of 5' noncoding region was amplified using rapid amplification of cDNA ends methods (RACE), the fragments were recombined by A-T clone strategy, the recombinants were confirmed by RFLP and PCR then sequenced. Secondary structures were analysed by RNA draw.
Very end full-length cDNA of 2a genotype HCV 5' UTR was obtained by RACE. In five clones obtained, three contained full-length 5' UTR cDNA, and A21G, G170A, T222C, T247C, C339T substitutions were found compared with HC-J6. he homologies with HCV-1,HC-J6,HC-C2, HC-J8 were 93.6%-94.4%, 92.1%-93.0%, 98.8%-99.7%, 96.2%-96.5%, respectively; however, the substitutions did not alter the secondary structure. Two out of five clones were deleted to have 53 and 144 bases at 5' terminus of HCV 5' UTR, respectively.
RACE is rapid and effective, works well to obtain very end of virus genome. With that, Authors obtained full-length cDNA of genotype 2a of HCV 5' UTR. There are genes deleted at 5' terminus circulated in hepatitis C patients.
Zhonghua shi yan he lin chuang bing du xue za zhi = Zhonghua shiyan he linchuang bingduxue zazhi = Chinese journal of experimental and clinical virology 01/2003; 16(4):333-6.
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ABSTRACT: To detect tumor cells in the peripheral blood of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by using the mRNA of the MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 genes as specific tumor markers.
Peripheral blood was obtained from 25 HCC patients and 20 healthy volunteers. The mRNA of the MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 genes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected by nested RT-PCR. The MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 transcripts in the tumor tissues of these HCC patients were also detected by RT-PCR.
Of the 25 HCC patients, MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 mRNA were positive in 44% (11/25) and 36% (9/25) of PBMCs respectively, and in 68% (17/25) and 56% (14/25) of HCC tissues respectively. In the PBMCs of the 25 HCC patients, 16 (64%) samples were detected to express at least one type of MAGE mRNA. MAGE mRNA were not detected in the PBMCs from the patients whose tumors did not express the MAGE genes, nor in the PBMCs from the 20 healthy donors. The positive rate of MAGE mRNA in the PBMCs was closely correlated with the TNM stages and the diameter of tumors, but there was no correlation between the positive rate of MAGE mRNA in PBMCs and tumor differentiation degree or serum alpha-FP level. Of 9 HCC patients whose serum alpha-FP was normal or slightly elevated (< 50 ng/ml), 6 were MAGE-1 and/or MAGE-3 mRNA positive in their PBMCs.
MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 mRNA could be specifically detected with high percentage in the PBMCs of HCC patients by our method. They can be used as specific tumor markers for the detection of the circulating HCC cells, and the detection results may be helpful to evaluate the prognosis of HCC patients.
Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine] 12/2002; 36(7):487-90.
