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ABSTRACT: The effects of Lactobacillus
collinoides JCM1123T on plasma cholesterol levels, isoflavonoids in the caecum and faecal flora were assessed in adult mice. L. collinoides JCM1123T altered the equol production status in in vitro incubation of daidzein with faecal flora of mice. In in vivo investigation,
mice were fed an AIN-93M purified diet for 13days, and then randomly divided into two groups of seven animals each. All mice
were fed an AIN-93M diet for 6days; then the diet was replaced with a 0.05% daidzein diet, the mice received a 0.05% daidzein
diet for 4days. Two groups of mice were administered either L. collinoides JCM1123T (the experimental group) or a physiological saline solution (the control group) daily for 10days and dissection was performed
on the following day. The total plasma cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in the control group than in the
experimental group. The amount of daidzein present in the caecum was significantly higher in the control group than in the
experimental group. Significantly higher numbers of lactobacilli were observed in the experimental group than in the control
group. Our data suggest that the administration of L. collinoides is likely to influence the metabolism of isoflavonoids and endogenous cholesterol via changes in the gastrointestinal environment.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 04/2012; 96(4):621-626. · 2.09 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study examined the effects of rice bran oil (RBO) on mouse intestinal microbiota and urinary isoflavonoids. Dietary RBO affects intestinal cholesterol absorption. Intestinal microbiota seem to play an important role in isoflavone metabolism. We hypothesized that dietary RBO changes the metabolism of isoflavonoids and intestinal microbiota in mice. Male mice were randomly divided into two groups: those fed a 0.05% daidzein with 10% RBO diet (RO group) and those fed a 0.05% daidzein with 10% lard control diet (LO group) for 30 days. Urinary amounts of daidzein and dihydrodaidzein were significantly lower in the RO group than in the LO group. The ratio of equol/daidzein was significantly higher in the RO group (p < 0.01) than in the LO group. The amount of fecal bile acids was significantly greater in the RO group than in the LO group. The composition of cecal microbiota differed between the RO and LO groups. The occupation ratios of Lactobacillales were significantly higher in the RO group (p < 0.05). Significant positive correlation (r = 0.591) was observed between the occupation ratios of Lactobacillales and fecal bile acid content of two dietary groups. This study suggests that dietary rice bran oil has the potential to affect the metabolism of daidzein by altering the metabolic activity of intestinal microbiota.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences 01/2012; 13(8):10336-49. · 2.60 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Many beneficial effects of probiotics have been reported; however, few have focussed on the effects of Lactobacillus, a probiotic, on the bioconversion of isoflavonoids. We hypothesized that Lactobacillus rhamnosus will modify the metabolism of isoflavone. In an in vitro incubation, L. rhamnosus JCM 2771 produced daidzein from daidzin along with genistein. However, daidzin and genistein were not detected in the incubation solution of daidzein with L. rhamnosus. In the fecal suspension from a male equol producer with daidzein, equol was detected in the presence of a low or high concentration of L. rhamnosus. In the fecal incubation with daidzin, the equol concentration increased with an increasing concentration of L. rhamnosus JCM 2771. L. rhamnosus affected the equol production in the in vitro incubation of daidzein with fecal flora from a male equol producer. We demonstrated for the first time that L. rhamnosus JCM 2771 could produce genistein from daidzin and affect the equol production of fecal flora from a male equol producer in vitro.
Current Microbiology 03/2011; 62(5):1632-7. · 1.82 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Much attention has been focused recently on functional foods. Ume, the Japanese name for the apricot of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc., is an example of a Japanese traditional functional food. There are, however, few reports on the effects of fiber from this fruit on bowel function. With this objective, we prepared ume fiber to test the hypothesis that it can change gut function and intestinal flora in mice. Mice were fed an ume fiber (UF) or cellulose (CF) diet (control) for 40 days. The fecal weight, fecal lipids, plasma lipids and cecal composition of the microflora were analyzed. The amount of feces was significantly greater in the UF group than in the CF group (p < 0.01). The fecal lipids content (% DW) of the feces sampled on the final day of the experiment were significantly greater in the UF group than in the CF group (p < 0.01). Plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations tended to be lower in the UF compared to the CF group (p = 0.058). Occupation ratios of Bacteroides and Clostridium cluster IV were significantly greater in the cecal flora of the UF group. Our results suggest that ume fiber possesses the fecal lipid excretion effects and feces bulking effects.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences 01/2011; 12(4):2088-99. · 2.60 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study examined the effects of cholesterol on mouse intestinal microflora and on isoflavonoids in the cecum and plasma. Dietary cholesterol affects bile acid metabolism and bile acids can influence the intestinal microorganisms. Intestinal microflora appear to play an important role in isoflavone metabolism. We hypothesized that dietary cholesterol changes the metabolism of isoflavonoids and intestinal microorganisms in mice. Male mice were randomly divided into two groups, which were fed a cholesterol-daidzein (CDA) or daidzein (DA) diet (control diet) for 60d. Plasma equol and cecal equol concentrations were significantly higher in the DA group (control group) than in the CDA group. However, plasma cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in the CDA group compared to the DA group. The composition of cecal microorganisms differed between the two dietary groups. The occupation ratios of Clostridium cluster XI, Clostridium subcluster XIVa, and Lactobacillales were significantly higher in the CDA group. The occupation ratio of Bifidobacterium was significantly lower in the CDA group. This study suggests that dietary cholesterol has the potential to affect the metabolism of equol from daidzein by altering the metabolic activity of the intestinal microorganisms and gut physiological function.
Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) 12/2009; 29(12):882-7. · 1.20 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The effects of Lactobacillus collinoides JCM1123(T) on plasma cholesterol levels, isoflavonoids in the caecum and faecal flora were assessed in adult mice. L. collinoides JCM1123(T) altered the equol production status in in vitro incubation of daidzein with faecal flora of mice. In in vivo investigation, mice were fed an AIN-93M purified diet for 13 days, and then randomly divided into two groups of seven animals each. All mice were fed an AIN-93M diet for 6 days; then the diet was replaced with a 0.05% daidzein diet, the mice received a 0.05% daidzein diet for 4 days. Two groups of mice were administered either L. collinoides JCM1123(T) (the experimental group) or a physiological saline solution (the control group) daily for 10 days and dissection was performed on the following day. The total plasma cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in the control group than in the experimental group. The amount of daidzein present in the caecum was significantly higher in the control group than in the experimental group. Significantly higher numbers of lactobacilli were observed in the experimental group than in the control group. Our data suggest that the administration of L. collinoides is likely to influence the metabolism of isoflavonoids and endogenous cholesterol via changes in the gastrointestinal environment.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 09/2009; 96(4):621-6. · 2.09 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Recently, there has been great interest in the biological effects of equol, a metabolite of daidzein produced by intestinal flora. In this study, we used a newly isolated intestinal bacterium from healthy human faeces to investigate the effects of intestinal bacteria on the in vitro metabolism of daidzein by faecal flora in mice and a human male equol producer. The 16S rDNA partial sequence (1394 bp) of strain TM-20 that was isolated from infant faeces exhibited a 99% similarity to that of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum. Therefore, this strain was identified as belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium. In faecal suspensions from mice, equol concentrations were significantly lower in the control faecal suspension than in the faecal suspension supplemented with the high concentration of strain TM-20. However, equol concentrations were significantly higher in the control faecal suspension than in the faecal suspension supplemented with the low concentration of strain TM-20. In faecal suspensions from a human male equol producer, equol concentrations were lower in the control faecal suspension than in the faecal suspension supplemented with the high concentration of strain TM-20. However, equol concentrations were higher in the control faecal suspension than in the fecal suspension supplemented with the low concentration of strain TM-20. Metabolic activity of the faecal equol production in mice and humans may be changed by some types of bifidobacteria. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a Bifidbacterium sp. that is capable of changing the faecal equol production from daidzein in vitro.
07/2009; 18(1):42-46.
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ABSTRACT: Much attention has focused on the isoflavones present in soybeans. In this study, we investigated the influence of human intestinal flora on plasma and caecal isoflavones using human flora-associated (HFA) mice. The GI (germfree-isoflavone) and HI (HFA-isoflavone) mice were administered daidzein and genistein and the GC (germ-free control) and HC (HFA control) mice were administered solvent over a 4-day period. The plasma and caecal isoflavones were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Caecal bacterial β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activities were also measured. The composition of intestinal flora was analysed. The total amounts of daidzein and genistein in the caecum were significantly higher in the GI mice than in the HI mice. Equol was detected only in the plasma and caecal contents of the HI mice. The caecal β-glucosidase activity was significantly lower in the HFA mice administered isoflavones (p<0.05). Isoflavone administration led to a significant increase in faecal clostridia in the faeces of the HI mice. The present study suggests that the human intestinal flora plays an important role in the metabolism and absorption of isoflavones. The HFA mice employed in this study may be useful tools for studying the role of human intestinal flora on the effects of dietary isoflavones on the host in vivo.
07/2009; 16(1):18-22.
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Few previous reports have considered the effects of dietary fibre on the plasma lipids and caecal enzyme activity of mice fed a rutin-supplemented diet. This investigation studied the effects of pectin on the plasma lipids and caecal enzyme activities of mice fed a diet supplemented with the quercetin glycoside rutin.RESULTS: Male mice were randomly divided into two groups and fed either a pectin–rutin (PR) diet or a cellulose–rutin (CR) diet for 14 days. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and caecal β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activities were measured. The plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher in the CR diet group, as were the caecal β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activities. The caecal β-glucuronidase/β-glucosidase activity ratio was significantly higher in the PR diet group, indicating differences in the metabolic activity of the intestinal flora.CONCLUSION: The PR diet greatly affected the caecal enzyme activities. A pectin diet supplemented with the quercetin glycoside rutin might affect the lipid metabolism and metabolic activity of the intestinal flora. The plasma lipid-lowering effects of the PR diet might have been partially caused by the metabolic actions of the intestinal gut flora. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 04/2009; 89(7):1174 - 1177. · 1.44 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Germfree mice died when they were fed a purified diet of AIN-76 formula sterilized by gamma-irradiation. Vitamin K deficiency was suspected and this study was performed to confirm the cause of the death. Germfree mice were fed purified diets of AIN-76 or AIN-93M formula, which were pelleted and sterilized by gamma-irradiation at a dose of 50 kGy. One half of the mice fed the AIN-76 diet died within two weeks and the surviving animals were also in poor health, while 91% of mice fed the AIN-93M diet survived. No hemorrhage was observed grossly in any organs of the surviving animals. Histologically, degeneration with inflammatory cell infiltration was observed as well as hemorrhage and fibrosis in the heart muscles of mice fed the AIN-76 diet. No microscopic lesions were observed in the other organs. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were extremely prolonged when mice were fed the AIN-76 diet. The animals totally recovered when they were intragastrically administered 1 microg/day of vitamin K(3) from the third day of feeding of the AIN-76 diet, except for PT and APTT which were still slightly longer than in mice fed the AIN-93M diet. The concentration of vitamin K(3) supplied in the AIN-76 diet decreased to an undetectable level after gamma-irradiation, while the AIN-93M diet contained 240 microg/kg of vitamin K(1). These results indicate that the deaths of the germfree mice fed the gamma-irradiated AIN-76 diet were caused by vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K deficiency may cause fatal degeneration of cardiac muscle cells.
Experimental Animals 08/2007; 56(4):273-8. · 0.92 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Recently, the biological effects of isoflavones have attracted much attention. Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the metabolism and bioavailability of isoflavones. However, few reports have discussed intestinal bacteria that metabolize daidzein into dihydrodaidzein. In this study, we isolated the dihydrodaidzein-producing intestinal bacterium TM-40 from a healthy boy's faeces. The bacteria from faecal samples were incubated with daidzein. Among all tested bacteria, one strain (strain TM-40) produced dihydrodaidzein both from daidzein and daidzin. However, in our experimental conditions, strain TM-40 did not produce equol from daidzein. The 16S rRNA partial sequence of strain TM-40 (AB249652) exhibited a 93% similarity to that of Coprobacillus catenaformis (AB030218). This strain seems to be a new species.
Anaerobe 03/2007; 13(1):32-5. · 2.41 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The effects of Lactobacillus gasseri JCM 1131(T) on isoflavonoid levels within the caecum and plasma were assessed in adult mice. Male 5-week-old mice were fed an AIN 93M diet for 30 d. Two groups of mice were administered either L. gasseri JCM 1131(T) (the LGI group) or physiological saline solution (the control (CI) group) daily for 5 d before dissection. The plasma daidzein concentration was significantly higher in the LGI group, however, their plasma equol concentration was significantly less than in the CI group. The total amount of equol present as aglycone in the caecum was significantly greater in the CI group, but there was no significant difference in the total daidzein present as caecal aglycone. In an in vitro incubation of daidzein with the faecal flora of mice, the equol concentration was significantly higher in the CI group. The numbers of lactobacilli present were significantly higher in the LGI group. The present data suggest that the administration of L. gasseri is likely to influence the effect of isoflavonoids on the host via changes in the gastrointestinal environment.
British Journal Of Nutrition 12/2004; 92(5):771-6. · 3.01 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This paper studies the effects of soy oligosaccharides on plasma and cecal isoflavones and floral enzyme activities in adult mice. The isoflavones used in this experiment were daidzein and genistein. Male 6-wk-old mice were fed a soy oligosaccharide-isoflavone (SOI) diet or cellulose-isoflavone (CEI) diet for 10 d. Plasma and cecal isoflavones were analyzed by HPLC, and cecal bacterial beta-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase activities were also measured. The plasma genistein concentration was significantly higher in the SOI diet group than in the CEI diet group, but no significant difference was observed in plasma daidzein concentration between the two dietary groups. The total amount of cecal isoflavones existing as aglycone were significantly greater in the SOI diet group than in the CEI diet group, and both cecal beta-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase activities were significantly higher in the SOI diet group than in the CEI diet group. These results indicate that soy oligosaccharides have an impact on the metabolic activity of intestinal microflora, plasma concentrations of isoflavones, and amount of isoflavones in the intestine. The present study suggests that ingestion of soy oligosaccharides may influence the effect of dietary isoflavones on the host.
Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 07/2003; 49(3):168-71. · 1.20 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The effects of rice starch-isoflavone diet or potato starch-isoflavone diet on plasma concentration of isoflavones, plasma lipids, cecal enzyme activity, and intestinal microflora were studied. Male 15-wk-old mice were fed a rice-starch-based or potato-starch-based diet supplemented with isoflavones for 4 wk, and plasma samples, cecal contents, and feces were collected individually. Plasma equol concentration was significantly higher in the potato-isoflavone diet group than in the rice-isoflavone diet group, but no significant difference was observed in plasma daidzein or genistein concentrations. Plasma total cholesterol concentration was higher in the potato-isoflavone diet group, but no significant difference was observed in plasma triglyceride concentration. Both cecal beta-glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase activities were significantly higher in the rice-isoflavone diet group. The number of bifidobacteria was significantly higher in the potato-isoflavone diet group. These results indicate that different types of starches have different influences on plasma isoflavone and suggest that the influences might be through the change of host physiology and/or the metabolism and composition of intestinal microflora.
Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 07/2002; 48(3):225-9. · 1.20 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Effects of supplementing soy protein or casein diet with isoflavones on intestinal microflora and plasma concentrations of lipids and isoflavone metabolites were studied. Male mice were fed a soy protein or casein diet supplemented with isoflavones for four weeks, and feces and plasma samples were collected. Animals were also fed the soy protein or casein diet and feces were collected to investigate the capacity to produce equol from daidzein in vitro. The number of fusiform-shaped bacteria was significantly lower in the soy-isoflavone diet group than in the casein-isoflavone diet group, whereas the number of lactobacilli was significantly higher. No significant difference was observed in the plasma lipid concentration between the soy-isoflavone diet group and casein-isoflavone diet group. Plasma equol concentration was significantly higher in the soy-isoflavone diet group than in the casein-isoflavone diet group. After incubation of daidzein in vitro with the feces from the mice fed the soy protein and casein diets, the production of equol from daidzein was significantly more in the soy protein diet group. The present study indicates that the soy protein diet supplemented with isoflavone has an impact on the composition and metabolism of intestinal microflora and suggests that soy protein plays some roles in the effect of dietary isoflavones on the host through their effects on the intestinal microflora.
Nutrition Research.
