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ABSTRACT: Sesamin is a major lignan that is present in sesame seeds and oil. Sesamin is partially converted to its stereoisomer, episesamin, during the refining process of non-roasted sesame seed oil. We evaluated the genotoxicity of these substances through the following tests: a bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test), a chromosomal aberration test in cultured Chinese hamster lung cells (CHL/IU), a bone marrow micronucleus (MN) test in Crlj:CD1 (ICR) mice, and a comet assay using the liver of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Episesamin showed negative results in the Ames test with and without S9 mix, in the in vitro chromosomal aberration test with and without S9 mix, and in the in vivo comet assay. Sesamin showed negative results in the Ames test with and without S9 mix. In the in vitro chromosomal aberration test, sesamin did not induce chromosomal aberrations in the absence of S9 mix, but induced structural abnormalities at cytotoxic concentrations in the presence of S9 mix. Oral administration of sesamin at doses up to 2.0g/kg did not cause a significant increase in either the percentage of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the in vivo bone marrow MN test or in the % DNA in the comet tails in the in vivo comet assay of liver cells. These findings indicate that sesamin does not damage DNA in vivo and that sesamin and episesamin have no genotoxic activity.
Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 10/2010; 719(1-2):21-8. · 2.85 Impact Factor
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Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 11/2006; 47(5):J308-10. · 0.43 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Among various alcoholic beverages, it has reported that beer has a potent activity to stimulate gastric emptying. Our previous studies showed that beer congener stimulated gastrointestinal motility by directly stimulating muscarinic M3 receptor, present in smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract. However, active components that account for the action have yet to be identified. We attempted to isolate the stimulant(s) of gastrointestinal motility in beer.
Beer congener was prepared from beer and used to separate and purify active components by a series of liquid chromatography using affinity to muscarinic M3 receptor as an index. Gastrointestinal motility-stimulating activity was evaluated using a test for activity that causes contraction of longitudinal muscles in guinea pig ileum and a test for gastric emptying activity in mice.
The active components (compounds A and B) were purified and isolated from beer by four liquid chromatography steps. The IC50 values of two active isolates to muscarinic M3 receptor were 0.65 x 10 g/ml and 2.30 x 10 g/ml, respectively. The concentrations of compounds A and B contained in beer were sufficient to explain most of the muscarinic M3 receptor binding activity of beer. The active fraction that contained both compounds A and B (which was 10 times as active as beer congener in muscarinic M3 receptor binding activity) dose-dependently contracted the longitudinal muscles of guinea pig ileum with an activity that was 20 times as potent as that of beer congener. The same active fraction significantly stimulated gastric emptying in mice with an activity 20 times as potent as that of beer congener.
Two active components (compounds A and B) were isolated as gastrointestinal motility stimulants (muscarinic M3 agonists) in beer. These results suggest that the two isolated active components are the active entities of the gastrointestinal motility-stimulating effect of beer.
Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research 09/2004; 28(8 Suppl Proceedings):129S-133S. · 3.34 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Fusel oil has been reported to have undesirable side effects such as hangover. However, the relationship between fusel oil and hangover has been investigated insufficiently. In this study, we investigated the effects of fusel oil and their ingredients contained in alcoholic beverages by using animal hangover models.
Ethanol and fusel oil were simultaneously administered to Suncus murinus, and emetic responses were observed for 60 min. Ethanol and fusel oil were simultaneously administered to mice immediately after intake of saccharin solution; on the next day, the mouse's saccharin solution intake was measured.
The volatile fraction (fusel oil) of whisky had no remarkable effect on ethanol-induced emetic responses in suncus. Whisky had the most suppressive effect on ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion in mice among the various alcoholic beverages tested. The volatile fraction (fusel oil) of whisky suppressed the ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion. In contrast, the nonvolatile fraction of whisky had no effect. The administration of isoamyl alcohol (5 mg/kg) and isoamyl acetate (10 and 40 microg/kg), ingredients of fusel oil, significantly suppressed the ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion.
The fusel oil in whisky had no effect on the ethanol-induced emetic response, but it suppressed taste-aversion behavior in animal models of hangover symptoms. These results suggest that the fusel oil in whisky alleviates hangover, contrary to the common belief.
Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research 09/2003; 27(8 Suppl):37S-41S. · 3.34 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Ethanol and alcoholic beverages are known to affect upper gastrointestinal motility in humans. Beer has been reported to accelerate gastric emptying compared with other beverages that contain the same ethanol concentrations. In this study, we investigated the mechanism that underlies the effects of beer congener on gastrointestinal motility.
Gastric emptying activity was measured by means of movement of a semisolid test meal (0.05% phenol red/1.5% methylcellulose) in mice. To elucidate the mechanism for the effect of beer congener on gastrointestinal motility, we conducted receptor binding assays and contraction study by using longitudinal muscle from guinea pig ileum.
Beer congener (1 g/kg orally) enhanced gastric emptying of a semisolid meal in mice. The receptor binding assay revealed that beer congener bound to dopamine D2 receptor and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)3 receptor. These IC50 values were more than 5 mg/ml. However, beer congener bound to 5-HT2 receptor, 5-HT4 receptor, and muscarinic M3 receptor with IC50 values of 2, 0.9, and 2 mg/ml, respectively. Beer congener (0.05-2 mg/ml) induced the contraction of longitudinal muscle from guinea pig ileum in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was not affected by either tetrodotoxin (10(-6)M) or ketanserin (10(-7)-10(-5)M), an antagonist for the 5-HT2 receptor. On the other hand, 4-DAMP (10(-8)-10(-5)M), an antagonist for the muscarinic M3 receptor, inhibited the contraction of the longitudinal muscle induced by beer congener (2 mg/ml) dose dependently.
Beer congener stimulates gastrointestinal motility via the muscarinic M3 receptor.
Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research 06/2002; 26(5):677-81. · 3.34 Impact Factor
