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ABSTRACT: The gene encoding acetophenone reductase (APRD), a useful biocatalyst for producing optically pure alcohols, was cloned from the cDNA of Geotrichum candidum NBRC 4597. The gene contained an open reading frame that consisted of 1,029 nucleotides corresponding to 342 amino acid residues. The subunit molecular weight was calculated to be 36.7 kDa. The predicted amino acid sequence did not have significant similarity to those of the acetophenone reductase reported previously. The gene was inserted into the pET-21b(+) expression vector and expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta™(DE3)pLysS by induction with 1 mM of isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside. E. coli cell-free extract gave 21.9 U/mg APRD activity, which was 81 times that of the G. candidum cell-free extract. The enzyme was purified with a HisTrap FF crude column. The enzyme exhibited the highest activity at 60 °C, and optimum reducing and oxidizing activity were observed in a pH range around 7.0-8.0 and 8.5, respectively. The enzyme was most stable at 60 °C and pH 6.5-7.5. The Vmax and the apparent Km value of the reductase were 67.6 μmol/min per milligram of protein and 0.146 mM for acetophenone, respectively. From 4 % (v/v) 4-phenyl-2-butanone, (S)-4-phenyl-2-butanol was obtained with a yield >80 % and an enantiomeric excess >99 % in a 20 h reaction recycling NADH with 15 % (v/v) 2-propanol.
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 03/2013; · 3.42 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: NADH-dependent enzyme reducing acetophenone derivatives with high stereoselectivities and wide substrate specificities from Geotrichum candidum NBRC 4597 was isolated, purified, characterized, and used for asymmetric synthesis. Through five-step purification including ammonium sulfate fractionation and a series of chromatographies, the enzyme was purified about 150-fold with a yield of 5.6%. The active enzyme has a molecular mass of 73 kDa determined by gel filtration chromatography, and the SDS-PAGE result reveals that the molecular size of the subunit is 36 kDa. These results indicate that the enzyme consists of a homodimer of a 36 kDa subunit. The acetophenone reductase exhibited the highest activity at 50 degrees C and optimal pH at 5.5. The enzyme was the most stable at 40 degrees C. No metal ions considerably activated the enzyme, and such metal ions as Cu2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ strongly inhibited the activity of the enzyme. The Vmax and the apparent Km value of the reductase were 77.0 micromol/min per milligram of protein and 0.296 mM for acetophenone, respectively. The N-terminal and internal amino acid sequences were determined by peptide sequencer. Furthermore, the purified enzyme was used for asymmetric reduction of acetophenone, resulting in the formation of corresponding (S)-alcohol with 99% ee.
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 11/2009; 86(2):625-31. · 3.42 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the activity of ascending and descending stairs would exert psychophysio-logical influences on cardiometabolic function in nine hemiparetic and twelve healthy age- and sex-matched elderly subjects. The parameters including systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, pressure rate product, plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine were measured. The extent of anxiety was obtained using The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The experiment consisted of three stages: first, five-minute basal sitting rest, second, ascending stairs on a gait pattern of the first step of the nonaffected foot on one stair followed by the affected foot on the same stair, and, third, descending stairs in the same way with the first step of the affected foot on one stair. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and an unpaired Student's t-test, resulting in significant difference in systolic blood pressure between the groups. Moreover, the interaction effect of the groups on the time changes was significantly shown in systolic blood pressure and norepinephrine. These findings demonstrate that fear of falling would not always exhibit the same response to stair climbing in the two groups, but systolic blood pressure and norepinephrine may be indicated as an important factor to appreciably exert psychophysiological influences on cardiometabolic function in hemiparetic elders.
07/2009; 16(1-2):65-76.
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ABSTRACT: We conducted a survey from 1999 to 2004 of female students attending a college of nursing, regarding their awareness of the municipal waste reduction policy as well as the problems caused by dioxins. The questionnaire survey showed that over the six years a majority of students supported a stricter waste-sorting policy. The students were willing to sort waste in more minute details. Only a handful of students was aware of the municipal government's waste-reduction campaign. Furthermore, the students' awareness regarding problems caused by dioxins was high, but decreased from 94.7% in 1999 to 76.5% in 2004, with more than 90.0% of the students recognizing that it is necessary to reduce the total amount of waste in order to decrease dioxin emission from incineration plants.
Journal of UOEH 10/2006; 28(3):327-36.
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ABSTRACT: The turn of the century has seen a sudden upsurge in publications and initiatives around the development of interprofessional collaboration in Japan. In Japanese, the term 'team-treatment' is generally used to mean interprofessional collaboration, but hitherto there have been no generally accepted definitions and conceptualizations of the term, nor are there guidelines as to how it may be implemented in practice. In order to facilitate understanding of the different modes of interprofessional collaboration and issues in practice, we introduced the use of menus as metaphors for interprofessional collaboration in a class of first year students of nursing. There were two 90-minute classes available for exploring this topic. Through the use of a metaphor the students demonstrated they were able to conceptualize interprofessional collaboration, identify the value of nurses working together with other professionals and issues involved in making team-treatment work. The purpose of this paper is to share the experience of using metaphors as a teaching/learning strategy, including reflection on the successes and some limitations of what, for us, was an interesting educational innovation.
Journal of Interprofessional Care 07/2005; 19(3):215-22. · 1.12 Impact Factor
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Yuichiro Nagai,
Takashi Kishimoto,
Takashi Nikaido,
Koji Nishihara,
Toshiharu Matsumoto,
Chikako Suzuki,
Taiki Ogishima,
Yoshinori Kuwahara,
Yoshitaka Hurukata,
Masahiro Mizunuma, Yasuo Nakata,
Hiroshi Ishikura
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ABSTRACT: Mixed-epithelial papillary cystadenoma of borderline malignancy of mullerian type (MEBMM) is composed of a mixture of mullerian epithelial types, such as mucinous, serous, endometrioid, and squamous. Four cases of MEBMM with squamous overgrowth (MEBMMSO) were reviewed. The patients' median age was 56 years, and all cases were unilateral. The clinical stages were Ia (two cases), Ic (one case), and IV based on the presence of tumor cells in pleural fluid (one case). No recurrence was seen in three of the cases. In one of those three cases, there was no recurrence after undergoing surgery only; in the other two of those three cases, there was no recurrence after undergoing surgery and receiving postoperative chemotherapy. In the single case that was at stage IV at initial presentation, a recurrent MEBMMSO nodule was found at a second look 17 months after the initial surgery. In terms of gross findings, all of the tumors were cystic with intracystic papillary fronds. In addition, old endometriotic lesions lined the cysts. The tumors were mainly composed of a proliferation of squamous-type epithelium, with minor foci containing a mixture of other mullerian-type epithelia, especially mucinous. Intraepithelial infiltration by neutrophilic leukocytes was prominent. The differential diagnosis of MEBMMSO includes proliferating Brenner tumors.
American Journal of Surgical Pathology 03/2003; 27(2):242-7. · 4.35 Impact Factor
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Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai zasshi The Japanese journal of gastro-enterology 08/2002; 99(7):838-42.
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Norimasa Seo,
Yasuo Kawashima,
Kazuo Irita,
Yoshito Shiraish,
Yoshifumi Tanaka, Yasuo Nakata,
Kiyoshi Morita,
Yasuhide Iwao,
Koichi Tsuzaki,
Tsutomu Kobayashi,
Yasuyuki Goto,
Shuji Dohi
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ABSTRACT: The Committee on Operating Room Safety of Japan Society of Anesthesiologists (JSA) sends annually confidential questionnaires of perioperative mortality and morbidity (cardiac arrest, severe hypotension, severe hypoxia) to Certified Training Hospitals of JSA. This report is a special reference to anesthetic methods in perioperative mortality and morbidity in 2000. Five hundreds and twenty hospitals reported perioperative mortality and morbidity referred to anesthetic methods and total numbers of reported cases were 910,007. The percentage of cases reported by each anesthetic method was as follows; inhalation anesthesia 45.47%, total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) 6.15%, inhalation anesthesia + epidural or spinal or conduction block 24.48%, TIVA + epidural or spinal or conduction block 6.33%, spinal with continuous epidural block (CSEA) 3.67%, epidural anesthesia 1.92%, spinal anesthesia 10%, conduction block 0.47% and others 1.49%. The incidence of cardiac arrest per 10,000 cases due to all etiology (anesthetic management, preoperative complications, intraoperative complications, surgery, others) is estimated to be 6.55 cases in average; 5.36 cases in inhalation anesthesia, 30.72 cases in total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA), 4.62 cases in inhalation anesthesia + epidural or spinal or conduction block, 2.6 cases in TIVA + epidural or spinal or conduction block, 1.2 cases in spinal with continuous epidural block (CSEA), 0.57 cases in epidural anesthesia, 1.65 cases in spinal anesthesia, 2.36 cases in conduction block and 46.38 cases in other methods. However, the incidence of cardiac arrest per 10,000 cases totally attributable to anesthetic management is estimated to be 0.54 cases in average; 0.34 cases in inhalation anesthesia, 1.07 cases in TIVA, 0.58 cases in inhalation anesthesia + epidural or spinal or conduction block, 0.17 cases in TIVA + epidural or spinal or conduction block, 0.9 cases in CSEA, 0.57 cases in epidural anesthesia, 0.99 cases in spinal anesthesia, zero case in conduction block and 1.47 cases in other methods. The incidence of severe hypotension per 10,000 cases due to all etiology is estimated to be 11.14 cases in average; 11.31 cases in inhalation anesthesia, 36.61 cases in TIVA, 9.29 cases in inhalation anesthesia + epidural or spinal or conduction block, 6.59 cases in TIVA + epidural or spinal or conduction block, 3.59 cases in CSEA, 6.3 cases in epidural anesthesia, 4.39 cases in spinal anesthesia, 2.36 cases in conduction block and 23.56 cases in other methods. On the other hand, the incidence of severe hypotension per 10,000 cases totally attributable to anesthetic management is estimated to be 1.25 cases in average; 0.97 cases in inhalation anesthesia, 0.89 cases in TIVA, 1.39 cases in inhalation anesthesia + epidural or spinal or conduction block, 1.39 cases in TIVA + epidural or spinal or conduction block, 2.09 cases in CSEA, 3.44 cases in epidural anesthesia, 1.87 cases in spinal anesthesia, zero case in conduction block and zero case in other methods. The incidence of severe hypoxia per 10,000 cases due to all etiology is estimated to be 4.8 cases in average; 6.35 cases in inhalation anesthesia, 9.64 cases in TIVA, 3.82 cases in inhalation anesthesia + epidural or spinal or conduction block, 2.26 cases in TIVA + epidural or spinal or conduction block, 0.3 cases in CSEA, 1.15 case in epidural anesthesia, 1.21 cases in spinal anesthesia, zero case in conduction block and 5.89 cases in other methods. On the other hands, the incidence of severe hypoxia per 10,000 cases totally attributable to anesthetic management is estimated to be 1.98 cases in average; 3.09 cases in inhalation anesthesia, 2.32 cases in TIVA, 1.3 cases in inhalation anesthesia + epidural or spinal or conduction block, 0.87 cases in TIVA + epidural or spinal or conduction block, zero case in CSEA, zero case in epidural anesthesia, 0.55 cases in spinal anesthesia, zero case in conduction block and zero case in other methods. The mortality rate of cardiac arrest within 7 postoperative days per 10,000 cases due to all etiology is estimated to be 3.55 (54.2%) cases in average; 3.12 (58.1%) cases in inhalation anesthesia, 19.29 (62.8%) cases in TIVA, 1.17 (25.2%) cases in inhalation anesthesia + epidural or spinal or conduction block, 0.52 (20%) cases in TIVA + epidural or spinal or conduction block, zero cases in CSEA, zero case in epidural anesthesia, 0.33 (20%) cases in spinal anesthesia, zero case in conduction block and 39.76 (85.7%) cases in other methods. On the other hands, the mortality rate of cardiac arrest per 10,000 cases totally attributable to anesthesia is estimated to be 0.07 (12.2%) case in average, 0.07 (21.4%) case in inhalation anesthesia, 0.18 (16.8%) case in TIVA, zero case in inhalation anesthesia + epidural or spinal or conduction block, zero case in TIVA + epidural or spinal or conduction block, zero case in CSEA, zero case in epidural anesthesia, 0.11 (11.1%) case in spinal anesthesia, zero case in conduction block and 0.74 (50%) case in other methods. Five major combinations of listed critical incidents, causes and anesthetic methods were as follows: 18.93 cases in TIVA, preoperative complications and severe hypotension; 18.75 cases in TIVA, preoperative complications and cardiac arrest; 11.07 cases in TIVA, surgery and severe hypotension; 6.79 cases in TIVA, surgery and cardiac arrest; 5.24 cases in inhalation anesthesia, preoperative complications and severe hypotension. In summary: 1. There was no significant difference with regard to perioperative mortality and morbidity due to anesthetic management among anesthetic methods. 2. The percentage of each anesthetic method in 2000 was not different significantly from that in 1999 in spite of increased cases reported. 3. Incidence of severe hypotension due to all etiology of TIVA in 2000 decreased significantly compared with that in 1999 (P < 0.05). This may be attributed to the decreased incidence in preoperative complication (shock) and massive bleeding due to surgery.
Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology 06/2002; 51(5):542-56.
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Hiroaki Fujii,
Toshiharu Matsumoto,
Manabu Yoshida,
Yoshiaki Furugen,
Tetsuya Takagaki,
Keiichi Iwabuchi, Yasuo Nakata,
Yoshitake Takagi,
Takuya Moriya,
Naomi Ohtsuji,
Mareki Ohtsuji,
Sachiko Hirose,
Toshikazu Shirai
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ABSTRACT: Synchronous development of carcinomas in the endometrium and ovaries is a fairly common phenomenon, but distinction of a single clonal tumor with metastasis from 2 independent primary tumors may present diagnostic problems. To determine clonality and the occurrence of progression, we microdissected multiple foci from 17 cases of synchronous endometrioid carcinomas and studied loss of heterozygosity (LOH), microsatellite instability (MI), and PTEN mutations. In 14 of the 17 cases, genetic alterations were either homogeneous or found in only some of the foci. LOH was detected for 10q (4 cases), 17p (2 cases), and 2p, 5q, 6q, 9p, 11q, 13q, and 16q (1 case each). Four cases had the MI phenotype with discordant MI patterns between both tumor sites, thus indicating a biclonal or triple clonal process. In 3 of 6 cases with PTEN mutations, identical mutations in both tumor sites indicated a single clonal neoplasm. Altogether, 14 synchronous tumors were genetically diagnosed as follows: single clonal tumor, characterized by concordant genetic alterations in both tumor sites, including identical LOH, identical PTEN mutations, and/or identical sporadic allelic instability patterns (4 cases); single clonal tumor with genetic progression, homogeneous LOH or identical PTEN mutations in both tumor sites and progressive LOH in ovarian metastatic foci (2 cases); and double (7 cases) or triple clonal tumors (1 case), determined by discordant PTEN mutations, heterogeneous LOH, and/or discordant MI patterns. Thus, 35% of synchronous tumors were monoclonal, 47% were polyclonal, and 18% were undetermined. The favorable prognosis of synchronous endometrioid carcinomas may be due to the occurrence of PTEN mutations in both independent and metastatic tumors, the MI-positive independent primary tumors, and the low frequency of LOH.
Human Pathlogy 05/2002; 33(4):421-8. · 2.88 Impact Factor
