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A Anuszkiewicz,
G Statkiewicz-Barabach,
T Borsukowski,
J Olszewski, T Martynkien,
W Urbanczyk,
P Mergo,
M Makara,
K Poturaj,
T Geernaert,
F Berghmans,
H Thienpont
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ABSTRACT: We report on the sensing characteristics of rocking filters fabricated in two microstructured fibers with enhanced polarimetric sensitivity to hydrostatic pressure. The filter fabricated in the first fiber shows a very high sensitivity to pressure ranging from 16.2 to 43.4 nm/MPa, depending on the resonance order and features an extremely low cross-sensitivity between pressure and temperature 28 ÷ 89 × 10<sup>3</sup> K/MPa. The filter fabricated in the second fiber has an extreme sensitivity to pressure ranging from -72.6 to -177 nm/MPa, but a less favorable cross-sensitivity between pressure and temperature of 1.05 ÷ 3.50 × 10<sup>3</sup> K/MPa. These characteristics allow using the rocking filters for pressure measurements with mbar resolution.
Optics Express 10/2012; 20(21):23320-30. · 3.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In this paper we report on the fabrication of highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber with a photonic cladding composed
of elliptical holes ordered in a rectangular lattice. The fiber features a group birefringence G of 0.82×10−4 at 725 nm. We discuss the influence of structural parameters including the ellipticity of the air holes and the aspect ratio
of the rectangular lattice on the birefringence and on the modal properties of the fiber.
Applied Physics B 04/2012; 99(1):13-17. · 2.19 Impact Factor
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T. Martynkien,
A. Anuszkiewicz,
G. Statkiewicz-Barabach,
J. Olszewski,
G. Golojuch,
M. Szczurowski,
W. Urbanczyk,
J. Wojcik,
P. Mergo,
M. Makara,
T. Nasilowski,
F. Berghmans,
H. Thienpont
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ABSTRACT: We designed, fabricated, and characterized birefringent holey fibers with zero polarimetric sensitivity to temperature. The
sensitivity measurements were carried out in a wide spectral range of 0.68–1.55μm in fibers with different hole and pitch
values and with birefringence induced by a pair of large holes adjacent to the core. Our results show that zero sensitivity
to temperature can be obtained at certain wavelengths for the bare fibers with properly adjusted geometrical parameters. Moreover,
the spectral measurements of the sensitivity to temperature are in good agreement with the modeling results for all the investigated
fibers.
Applied Physics B 04/2012; 94(4):635-640. · 2.19 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Photonic crystal fibers with composite linear birefringence, that is induced by both microstructure geometry and stress applying
parts, permit the management of the wavelength dependence of both group and phase birefringence. In this work we investigate
the novel nonlinear propagation phenomena that are enabled by birefringence management. Vector modulation instability is enhanced
near the zero phase birefringence wavelength. Soliton polarization instability is controlled by Raman self-frequency shifting
across the zero phase birefringence wavelength.
Optical and Quantum Electronics 04/2012; 39(4):435-453. · 0.82 Impact Factor
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S. Sulejmani,
C. Sonnenfeld,
T. Geernaert,
P. Mergo,
M. Makara,
K. Poturaj,
K. Skorupski, T. Martynkien,
G. Satkiewicz-Barabach,
J. Olszewski,
W. Urbanczyk,
C. Caucheteur,
K Chah,
P. Megret,
H. Terryn,
J. Van Roosbroeck,
F. Berghmans,
H. Thienpont
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ABSTRACT: We present fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based hydrostatic pressure sensing with highly birefringent microstructured optical fibers. Since small deformations of the microstructure can have a large influence on the material birefringence and pressure sensitivity of the fiber, we have evaluated two microstructured fibers that were made from comparable fiber preforms, but fabricated using different temperature and pressure conditions. The magnitude and sign of the pressure sensitivity are found to be different for both fibers. We have simulated the corresponding change of the Bragg peak separation with finite-element models and experimentally verified our results. We achieve very high experimental sensitivities of -15 and 33 pm/MPa for both sensors. To our knowledge, these are the highest sensitivities ever reported for birefringent FBG-based hydrostatic pressure sensing.
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 03/2012; 24(6):527-529. · 2.19 Impact Factor
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G Statkiewicz-Barabach,
J Olszewski,
M Napiorkowski,
G Golojuch, T Martynkien,
K Tarnowski,
W Urbanczyk,
J Wojcik,
P Mergo,
M Makara,
T Nasilowski,
F Berghmans,
H Thienpont
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ABSTRACT: We demonstrate that adding a boron-doped inclusion in the core of a polarizing photonic crystal fiber significantly increases its polarization bandwidth. We present the characteristics of two fabricated fibers, including spectral dependence of loss in both polarization modes and polarization-dependent loss in straight as well as bent fibers. Our experiments prove that bending significantly increases the polarization band of the boron-doped fibers on the short wavelength edge. For a properly adjusted bending radius a single polarization guidance can be obtained in a wide spectral range. Moreover, we present the results of loss simulations carried out for the actual geometry of the fabricated fibers, which are in agreement with the measurement results.
Journal of optics 07/2010; 12(7):075402. · 1.57 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We present the results of measurement and modelling of the birefringence dispersion in elliptical-core fibres (ECFs). The measurement is performed over a broad wavelength range (e.g. 450–1450 nm) by two spectral interferometric techniques. First, a technique employing a tandem configuration of a Michelson interferometer and an ECF under test is used for a broad spectral range measurement of the group modal birefringence for two spatial modes supported by the fibre. Second, a method with a lateral point-like force acting on the fibre and based on spectral interferometry is used for measuring the phase modal birefringence at one wavelength for the fundamental mode only. The measured value is combined with the dispersion of the group modal birefringence to obtain the phase modal birefringence over a broad wavelength range. We also modelled the dispersion characteristics taking into account contributions of both the elliptical shape of the core and the residual thermal stress. The dispersion characteristics measured for the three ECFs show very good agreement with the results of numerical modelling.
Journal of optics 03/2010; 12(3):035405. · 1.57 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In this paper we report on ultra flat supercontinuum generation in dual core photonic crystal fiber pumped in the normal dispersion regime. The fiber cladding is fabricated from custom NC21 borosilicate glass while the fiber cores is made of commercially available F2 high index lead-silicate glass from Schott Corp. We investigated the supercontinuum characteristics for single and double core excitation by a Ti:Sapphire oscillator delivering 100 fs pulses centered at 800 nm with an energy of 4.2 nJ. Dual core pumping resulted in appreciable flattening of the supercontinuum spectra in the range 875–950 nm. (© 2009 by Astro Ltd., Published exclusively by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
Laser Physics Letters 07/2009; 6(8):575 - 581. · 9.97 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: An optical refractometer based on a birefringent (Hi-Bi) fiber Bragg grating (FBG) written in a new H-shaped fiber structure is proposed. This structure is formed by opening the two holes of a side-hole fiber using chemical etching. When the Hi-Bi FBG is immersed in different liquids, different responses of the slow and fast wavelengths are obtained. The refractometer is also capable of simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature.
Optics Letters 02/2009; 34(1):76-8. · 3.40 Impact Factor
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W. Urbanczyk, T. Martynkien,
G. Statkiewicz,
A. Anuszkiewicz,
J. Olszewski,
G. Golojuch,
M. Szczurowski,
J. Wojcik,
M. Makara,
T. Nasilowski,
F. Berghmans,
H. Thienpont
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ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the sensing capabilities of the highly birefringent index-guided photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) such as dispersion characteristics of phase and group modal birefringence, polarization characteristics, sensitivity to hydrostatic pressures, temperature, and strain. Different types of applications including interferometric and polarimetric sensors of different physical parameters as well as evanescent field sensors for monitoring specific chemical compounds in gases and liquids are reported.
IEEE/LEOS Winter Topical Meeting Series, 2008; 02/2008
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T. Nasilowski,
F. Berghmans,
T. Geernaert,
K. Chah,
J. Van Erps,
G. Statkiewicz,
M. Szpulak,
J. Olszewski,
G. Golojuch, T. Martynkien,
W. Urbanczyk,
P. Mergo,
M. Makara,
J. Wojcik,
C. Chojetzki,
H. Thienpont
[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: Fast, frequent, accurate and reliable measurements of physical quantities such as temperature, stress or strain are known to be of utmost importance in areas such as process industry or structural health monitoring. Photonic crystal fibres (PCF) (Bjarklev et al., 2003) constitute a class of optical fibres that has a large potential for a number of novel applications in the sensing domain. The manufacturing flexibility of PCF allows fabricating different types of specialty microstructured fibres including endlessly single mode, double clad, germanium or rare earth doped, highly birefringent, and many other fibres with particular features. In this paper we analyse several of these and describe how they can be exploited for sensing applications. We pay particular attention to temperature and hydrostatic pressure sensitivities. We also report on new microstructure geometries dedicated to sensing applications and on Bragg gratings written in highly birefringent photonic crystal fibre.
Intelligent Signal Processing, 2007. WISP 2007. IEEE International Symposium on; 11/2007
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ABSTRACT: We demonstrate experimentally that bending loss in large mode area photonic crystal fibers oscillates with wavelength. To do so we carried out loss measurements for different fiber bend radii and for different angular orientations. These results confirm the oscillatory behavior of bending loss vs. wavelength as predicted recently by numerical analysis [J. Olszewski et al., Opt. Express 13, 6015 (2005)]. We also found good agreement between our measurement results and our simulations relying on a finite element method with perfectly matched layers and an equivalent index model.
Optics Express 11/2007; 15(21):13547-56. · 3.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We present a new method for measuring the group dispersion of the fundamental mode of a holey fiber over a wide wavelength range by white-light interferometry employing a low-resolution spectrometer. The method utilizes an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a fiber under test placed in one arm and the other arm with adjustable path length. A series of spectral signals are recorded to measure the equalization wavelength as a function of the path length, or equivalently the group dispersion. We reveal that some of the spectral signals are due to the fundamental mode supported by the fiber and some are due to light guided by the outer cladding of the fiber. Knowing the group dispersion of the cladding made of pure silica, we measure the wavelength dependence of the group effective index of the fundamental mode of the holey fiber. Furthermore, using a full-vector finite element method, we model the group dispersion and demonstrate good agreement between experiment and theory.
Optics Express 10/2007; 15(18):11073-81. · 3.59 Impact Factor
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T Martynkien,
G Statkiewicz,
M Szpulak,
J Olszewski,
G Golojuch,
W Urbanczyk,
J Wojcik,
P Mergo,
M Makara,
T Nasilowski,
F Berghmans,
H Thienpont
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We measured spectral dependence of the polarimetric sensitivity to temperature in three birefringent holey fibres with different geometries. Our results show that thermal properties of the birefringent photonic crystal fibres depend very much on the air hole arrangement. Using the procedure which allows us to determine the sign of temperature sensitivity, we demonstrated that one of the investigated fibres is insensitive to temperature at a certain wavelength. We also measured the temperature sensitivities for the fibres with and without polymer coating and showed that the coating changes significantly the fibre response to temperature. Furthermore, we demonstrated experimentally that the spectral dependence of the polarimetric sensitivity to temperature in birefringent holey fibres obeys a scaling law.
Measurement Science and Technology 09/2007; 18(10):3055. · 1.49 Impact Factor
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T Nasilowski,
G Statkiewicz,
M Szpulak,
J Olszewski,
G Golojuch, T Martynkien,
W Urbanczyk,
P Mergo,
M Makara,
J Wojcik,
others
01/2007;
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ABSTRACT: We present three constructions of birefringent photonic crystal fibres with increased sensitivity to hydrostatic pressure. The enhancement of sensitivity was obtained by enlarging diameters of several cladding air-holes or by introducing two air channels located symmetrically in the solid part of the cladding. We used nodal based finite elements method to calculate pressure-induced deformations and stress distribution in the fiber cross-section and hybrid edge/nodal finite elements method with perfectly matched layer to calculate propagation constants of the fiber modes. We calculated the spectral dependence of the phase modal birefringence and its susceptibility to hydrostatic pressure. Our results show that the sensitivity to pressure can be increased several times by optimizing the fiber geometry
Transparent Optical Networks, 2006 International Conference on; 07/2006
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W. Urbanczyk,
M. Szpulak,
G. Statkiewicz, T. Martynkien,
J. Olszewski,
J. Wojcik,
P. Mergo,
M. Makara,
T. Nasilowski,
F. Berghmans,
H. Thienpont
[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: We show that index guided and photonic bandgap holey fibers of specific construction can be used as a wide-band fiber-optic polarizers. Similarly to traditional polarizing fibers, the operation principle of the index guided PCF polarizers is related to the difference in cut-off wavelengths of the two orthogonally polarized fundamental modes. Several fiber structures were analyzed and optimized for possibly highest polarization bandwidth. Furthermore, we investigated polarizing properties of four PBG PCFs with elliptical core. Our results show that after optimization of the cladding geometry, the polarization dependent loss in the analyzed PBG structures are so high that they can be used as fiber-optic polarizers in the full bandgap range
Transparent Optical Networks, 2006 International Conference on; 07/2006
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ABSTRACT: Employing several interferometric methods, we measured in a broad spectral range the wavelength dependences of the phase modal birefringence and the polarization mode dispersion for the LP01 and even LP11 spatial modes supported by a birefringent holey fibre. We also determined the wavelength dependence of the intermodal dispersion between the X- and Y-polarized LP01 and even LP11 spatial modes. Furthermore, using a full-vector finite-element method, we modelled all the measured dispersion characteristics and demonstrated good agreement between experimental and theoretical results.
Measurement Science and Technology 02/2006; 17(4):626. · 1.49 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We present an experimental analysis of polarization and intermodal noise-seeded parametric amplification, in which dispersion is phase matched by group velocity mismatch between either polarization or spatial modes in birefringent holey fiber with elliptical core composed of a triple defect. By injecting quasi-CW intense linearly polarized pump pulses either parallel or at 45 degrees with respect to the fiber polarization axes, we observed the simultaneous generation of polarization or intermodal modulation instability sidebands. Furthermore, by shifting the pump wavelength from 532 to 625 nm, we observed a shift of polarization sidebands from 3 to 8 THz, whereas intermodal sidebands shifted from 33 to 63 THz. These observations are in excellent agreement with the experimental characterization and theoretical estimates of phase and group velocities for the respective fiber modes.
Optics Express 02/2006; 14(1):397-404. · 3.59 Impact Factor
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Optics Communications 11/2005; 255(4-6):175-183. · 1.49 Impact Factor
