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ABSTRACT: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production by Gram negative rods (GNRs) isolated from various clinical specimens (3.240 urine, 336 pus, 277 feces, 83 blood, 38 sputum) sent to our hospital laboratory, between 2001-2004. Of isolated bacteria 71.4% were identified as Escherichia coli, 11.1% were Klebsiella spp, 4.2% were Salmonella spp, 3.7% were Pseudomonas spp, 3.5% were Proteus spp, 2.9% were Shigella spp, 2.3% were Enterobacter spp, 0.5% were Acinetobacter spp, 0.12% of each Serratia spp, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, 0.1% were Citrobacter spp, and one of each Providencia spp and Pantoeae spp. (0.02%). ESBL production were screened by using the double disk synergy test. Of a total of 3.974 isolates, 269 (6.8%) were found to be ESBL producers. Klebsiella spp had the highest rate (14.3%) which was followed by Enterobacter spp (8.6%) and E.coli (6.7%). All of the S.maltophilia isolates were resistant to carbapenems. One of the Shigella spp was found to be an ESBL producer, being the first case from Turkey and the fifth from the world. There was statistically significant difference in distribution of ESBL producing isolates between hospitalized (16%) and non-hospitalized patients (5%) (p<0.01). A significant increase in ESBL production rates (from 3.8% in 2001 to 10.6% in 2004) was observed over time (p<0.05). The increasing trend (about 300% in four years) in ESBL production rates, should be considered as an indicator for expansion propensity and speed of the threat against the effective treatment of infections, and possible preventive strategies should be established.
Mikrobiyoloji bülteni 11/2006; 40(4):355-61. · 0.40 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Neonatal group B streptococcal (GBS) infections are one of the important health problems because of their high mortality and morbidity rates in certain countries. There are some preventive approaches, including perinatal antibiotic therapy against these infections. Recently, vaccination with conjugated GBS polysaccharides has also been practised. In this study, the in vitro inhibitory effects of 51 lactobacilli (of them 50 were purified from vaginal swabs, 1 from a commercial vaginal tablet) on five GBS (4 clinical isolates and 1 standard strain) were investigated by sandwich plate technique and deferred antagonism well technique. Ten clinical isolates (20%) and the drug-purified Lactobacilli expressed pronounced inhibitory effects on growth of GBS. All of the inhibitory isolates and 10 randomly selected non-inhibitory isolates were identified by API 50CHL kit (BioMeriéx, France). Seven (70%) of the inhibitory clinical isolates were Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The inhibitory isolates had higher acid production than the non-inhibitory ones (p < 0.05), and pH-adjustment destroyed their inhibitory effects entirely. If these results could be applied in vivo, it could be postulated that administration of certain lactobacilli as probiotics via an appropriate regimen may be a safe, physiological and cheaper alternative for prevention of neonatal GBS infections.
Mikrobiyoloji bülteni 01/2005; 39(1):17-23. · 0.40 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: It has been previously well defined that selective vagino-anorectal culture is required for detection of group B streptococcal (GBS) carriage. We interestingly observed that in 5.74% of carriers, GBS were recovered only from cervico-vaginal samples inoculated onto nonselective human blood agar, without recovery from vagino-anorectal samples inoculated to four selective media.
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 06/2003; 46(1):69-71. · 2.53 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Vaginal culture is one of the most difficult cultures to be evaluated in clinical microbiology practice. The necessity of some expensive and complicated processes for diagnosis of some specific agents, age related variability of normal vaginal flora and failure caused by temporary presence of some pathogens in normal flora can be listed among the probable causes of that problem. In this study 8050 vaginal cultures performed in our hospital laboratories between 1 March 1999-15 September 2001 were evaluated retrospectively. It was shown that the most frequently isolated pathogens were yeasts belonging to the Candida genus (26.8%). The second most frequent pathogen (13.8%) was Gardnerella vaginalis which was an indicator of bacterial vaginosis. The rate of isolation of Trichomonas vaginalis was 2.2%. Group B streptococcus (GBS) was isolated in 2.0% of the total cultures. Some nonspecific bacteria, mainly Gram negative bacilli, were noted as colonizing agents (6.5%).
Mikrobiyoloji bülteni 02/2002; 36(1):23-9. · 0.40 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Group G streptococci (GGS) are among the bacterial causes of pharyngitis. In this study, a total of 57 GGS strains isolated from throat swabs were initially screened by NCCLS disk diffusion test for penicillin and erythromycin susceptibilities. Phenotypes of the erythromycin resistance were determined by a triple-disk test and the responsible genes were sought by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using mefA, ermA, ermA-subclass ermTR and ermB primer sets. Erythromycin and clindamycin minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the resistant isolates were measured by NCCLS agar dilution method, while susceptibility rates to some other antibiotics were determined by the disk diffusion test. All isolates were found susceptible to penicillin, and 8 (14%) were resistant to erythromycin. Of the resistant isolates, 3 (37.5%) expressed M phenotype and 5 (62.5%) had inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramine B resistance (iMLS). All M isolates had mefA determinant. Of non-M isolates, 3 (37.5%) had subclass ermTR. In 2 (25%) isolates none of the four gene determinants was detected. MIC ranges of erythromycin and clindamycin for M and iMLS phenotypes were 4, 4-128 micrograms/ml and < or = 0.06-0.125, 0.25 - > or = 128 micrograms/ml, respectively. All the erythromycin-resistant isolates were also resistant to tetracycline. The high macrolide-resistance rate of GGS in our hospital deserves attention, however this finding should be confirmed by multi-centre studies including more representative isolates.
Mikrobiyoloji bülteni 37(2-3):117-24. · 0.40 Impact Factor
