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ABSTRACT: The ON-OFF direction selective ganglion cells (DSGCs) in the mammalian retina code image motion by responding much more strongly to movement in one direction. They do so by receiving inhibitory inputs selectively from a particular sector of processes of the overlapping starburst amacrine cells, a type of retinal interneuron. The mechanisms of establishment and regulation of this selective connection are unknown. Here, we report that in the rat retina, the morphology, physiology of the ON-OFF DSGCs and the circuitry for coding motion directions develop normally with pharmacological blockade of GABAergic, cholinergic activity and/or action potentials for over two weeks from birth. With recent results demonstrating light independent formation of the retinal DS circuitry, our results strongly suggest the formation of the circuitry, i.e., the connections between the second and third order neurons in the visual system, can be genetically programmed, although emergence of direction selectivity in the visual cortex appears to require visual experience.
PLoS ONE 01/2011; 6(5):e19477. · 4.09 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has led to recent outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in China, resulting in high mortality. In this study, several monoclonal antibodies were generated by immunizing mice with two synthetic peptides, SP55 and SP70, containing amino acids 163-177 and 208-222 of VP1. The specificities of the anti-EV71 peptide monoclonal antibodies were confirmed by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry against EV71 virus. Most importantly, we have identified a monoclonal antibody, clone 22A12, which shows strong neutralizing activity against EV71 in an in vitro neutralization assay. Because there is no vaccine available and treatment is very limited, mouse anti-EV71 monoclonal antibody, clone 22A12, could be a promising candidate to be humanized and used for treatment of EV71 infection.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 10/2009; 390(4):1126-8. · 2.48 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A novel protein that associates with interphase nucleus and mitotic apparatus (INMAP) was identified by screening HeLa cDNA expression library with an autoimmune serum followed by tandem mass spectrometry. Its complete cDNA sequence of 1.818 kb encodes 343 amino acids with predicted molecular mass of 38.2 kDa and numerous phosphorylation sites. The sequence is identical with nucleotides 1-1800 bp of an unnamed gene (GenBank accession no. 7022388) and highly homologous with the 3'-terminal sequence of POLR3B. A monoclonal antibody against INMAP reacted with similar proteins in S. cerevisiae, Mel and HeLa cells, suggesting that it is a conserved protein. Confocal microscopy using either GFP-INMAP fusion protein or labeling with the monoclonal antibody revealed that the protein localizes as distinct dots in the interphase nucleus, but during mitosis associates closely with the spindle. Double immunolabeling using specific antibodies showed that the INMAP co-localizes with alpha-tubulin, gamma-tubulin, and NuMA. INMAP also co-immunoprecipitated with these proteins in their native state. Stable overexpression of INMAP in HeLa cell lines leads to defects in the spindle, mitotic arrest, formation of polycentrosomal and multinuclear cells, inhibition of growth, and apoptosis. We propose that INMAP is a novel protein that plays essential role in spindle formation and cell-cycle progression.
Experimental Cell Research 05/2009; 315(7):1100-16. · 3.58 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Internalization is one of the key steps for anticancer immunoconjugates to deliver the drugs inside of cancer cells. Herein, the internalization property of antiepidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody (mAb) LA22 was evaluated.
The binding and internalization properties of LA22 on A549 cells were investigated by using 125I-LA22. In vitro internalization was also confirmed by indirect fluorescent staining. In vivo tumor targeting and internalization of 125I-LA22 were evaluated in the A549 nude mice model.
The mAb LA22 showed a high affinity to EGFRs expressed on A549 cells (Kd = 0.69 +/- 0.13 nM). The in vitro internalization of LA22 was time- and temperature dependent. The cell-surface-bound LA22 was rapidly internalized at 37 degrees C. The experimental results of LA22 internalization obtained from radioassay and fluorescent staining were consistent with a good linear correlation. At 72 hours postinjection, a clear gamma-image of tumor was obtain in A549 tumor xenografts, and the tumor uptake of 125I-LA22 was 8.00 +/- 0.61 percent injected dose per gram (%ID/g) (2.19 +/- 0.37 %ID/g for 125I-mIgG). Similar to the in vitro observation, 64.06% of the cell-bound mAb LA22 was internalized into the tumor cells in vivo.
The mAb, LA22, is a rapid, high-internalizing antibody, and this property makes it a promising vehicle for tumor-targeted drug delivery.
Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals 03/2009; 24(1):15-24. · 1.44 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A novel centrosome-related protein CrpF46 was detected using a serum F46 from a patient suffering from progressive systemic sclerosis. We identified the protein by immunoprecipitation and Western blotting followed by tandem mass spectrometry sequencing. The protein CrpF46 has an apparent molecular mass of ~60 kDa, is highly homologous to a 527 amino acid sequence of the C-terminal portion of the protein Golgin-245, and appears to be a splice variant of Golgin-245. Immunofluorescence microscopy of synchronized HeLa cells labeled with an anti-CrpF46 monoclonal antibody revealed that CrpF46 localized exclusively to the centrosome during interphase, although it dispersed throughout the cytoplasm at the onset of mitosis. Domain analysis using CrpF46 fragments in GFP-expression vectors transformed into HeLa cells revealed that centrosomal targeting is conferred by a C-terminal coiled-coil domain. Antisense CrpF46 knockdown inhibited cell growth and proliferation and the cell cycle typically stalled at S phase. The knockdown also resulted in the formation of poly-centrosomal and multinucleate cells, which finally became apoptotic. These results suggest that CrpF46 is a novel centrosome-related protein that associates with the centrosome in a cell cycle-dependent manner and is involved in the progression of the cell cycle and M phase mechanism.
Experimental Cell Research 06/2008; 314(8):1693-707. · 3.58 Impact Factor
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Information Retrieval Technology, 4th Asia Infomation Retrieval Symposium, AIRS 2008, Harbin, China, January 15-18, 2008, Revised Selected Papers; 01/2008
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Information Retrieval Technology, 4th Asia Infomation Retrieval Symposium, AIRS 2008, Harbin, China, January 15-18, 2008, Revised Selected Papers; 01/2008
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Wei Shao,
Shan Zhao,
Zhaofei Liu,
Jianzhong Zhang,
Shujun Ma,
J Denry Sato,
Peng Zhang,
Mei Tong,
Jiping Han,
Yan Wang,
Dongmei Bai,
Fan Wang, Le Sun
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ABSTRACT: Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies LA22 and Erbitux bind to different epitopes of EGFR. The chemimmunoconjugates of MMC with LA22 or Erbitux were prepared, and in vitro cytotoxicity assays with A549 cells showed that LA22-MMC was much more potent than Erbitux or Erbitux-MMC. Viabilities of A549 cells treated with LA22-MMC, Erbitux or Erbitux-MMC were 35%, 94%, and 81%, respectively. Immunoscintigraphy of xenografts of human A431 and A549 cells in nude mice both showed that (125)I-labeled-LA22-MMC enriched in tumor sites prominently. Most importantly, in vivo assays showed LA22-MMC was significantly more effective than free drug MMC in the treatment of subcutaneous xenografts of human A431 cells in nude mice (83% inhibition for LA22-MMC and 30% for MMC). We concluded that LA22-MMC could be a very potent drug for treatment of solid tumors.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 11/2006; 349(2):816-24. · 2.48 Impact Factor
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Proceedings of the Fourteenth Text REtrieval Conference, TREC 2005, Gaithersburg, Maryland, November 15-18, 2005; 01/2005
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Proceedings of the Thirteenth Text REtrieval Conference, TREC 2004, Gaithersburg, Maryland, November 16-19, 2004; 01/2004
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Natural Language Processing - IJCNLP 2004, First International Joint Conference, Hainan Island, China, March 22-24, 2004, Revised Selected Papers; 01/2004
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ABSTRACT: With the widespread use of computers in translation work and daily life, there are more and more bilingual corpora becoming available. In this paper, the PECAT (Pilot English-Chinese Computer-Aided Translation) system, based on bilingual corpora, is described. There are mainly three modules in our system: a corpus-processing module, a sentence-matching module and a post-editing module. In order to increase the coverage of input source sentences, the text alignment in the corpus-processing module is based on the chunk level. The matching algorithm of input sentences and source sentences is a three-layer edit-distance algorithm guided by the user, which includes information about word morphology and part-of-speech (POS). Preliminary experiments show promising results
Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 2001 IEEE International Conference on; 02/2001
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ABSTRACT: This paper describes the architecture of the summarization system IS_SUM from Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences for DUC2006. The improvements on lexical chain algorithm are given in detail in order to enhance its efficiency and adapt it to query based summarization. We conclude our paper with the different evaluation results and the very primary analysis.
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ABSTRACT: This paper reports the methods and procedures we took in the CLIR track of NTCIR3. In monolingual subtasks we mainly describe index representation and word segmentation method. We use hybrid model integrating MT approach and dictionary-based approach in bilingual and multilingual subtasks. The method for combining the monolingual retrieval results to produce the final rank list is explained in detail. Finally, we present an improved query translation method in CLIR in order to get better query translation quality.
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ABSTRACT: This paper describes the constructing of a large-scale (above 500,000 pair sentences) Chinese-English parallel corpus. The current status of Chinese corpora is overviewed with the emphasis on parallel corpus. The XML coding principles for Chinese–English parallel corpus are discussed. The sentence alignment algorithm used in this project is described with a computer-aided checking processing. Finally, we show the design of the concordance of the parallel corpus and the prospect to further development.
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ABSTRACT: We propose a new formally syntax-based method for statistical machine translation. Transductions between parsing trees are transformed into a problem of sequence tagging, which is then tackled by a search-based structured prediction method. This allows us to automatically acquire transla-tion knowledge from a parallel corpus without the need of complex linguistic parsing. This method can achieve compa-rable results with phrase-based method (like Pharaoh), however, only about ten percent number of translation table is used. Experiments show that the structured pre-diction approach for SMT is promising for its strong ability at combining words.
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ABSTRACT: This paper describes the name entity transliteration system which we conducted for the "NEWS2009 Machine Transliteration Shared Task" (Li et al 2009). We get the transliteration in Chinese from an English name with three steps. We syllabify the English name into a sequence of syllables by some rules, and generate the most probable Pinyin sequence with the mapping model of English syllables to Pinyin (EP model), then we convert the Pinyin sequence into a Chinese character sequence with the mapping model of Pinyin to characters (PC model). And we get the final Chinese character sequence. Our system achieves an ACC of 0.498 and a Mean F-score of 0.786 in the official evaluation result.
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ABSTRACT: Accurate cross-language information retrieval requires that query terms be correctly translated. In this paper, we propose a new method for Web corpus based query translation, which contains two steps: (1) translation candidate extraction and (2) translation selection. In translation candidate extraction, we use the search engine to find out the corpus data in the target language on the Web by submitting the query in source language. The candidate translations are expected to be both in the title and query-biased summary of searched document. Then we find the intersection substrings of different title pairs (or title-summary pairs) to fix down the possible translation. In translation selection, we determine the possible translation(s) from the candidates by combining substring frequency, inverse translation frequency and top result preferred factor to design the ranking function. Experimental results indicate that the top 3 inclusion rate of translation is 75.57% and our method is also very effective in CLIR task.
Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Engineering, 2005. IEEE NLP-KE '05. Proceedings of 2005 IEEE International Conference on;
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ABSTRACT: Multi-document extractive summarization relies on the concept of sentence centrality to identify the most important sentences in a document. Although some research has introduced the graph-based ranking algorithms such as PageRank and HITS into the text summarization, we propose a new approach under the hub-authority framework in this paper. Our approach combines the text content with some cues such as "cue phrase", "sentence length" and "first sentence" and explores the sub-topics in the multi-documents by bringing the features of these sub-topics into graph-based sentence ranking algorithms. We provide an evaluation of our method on DUC 2004 data. The results show that our approach is an effective graph-ranking schema in multi-document generic text summarization.
Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Engineering, 2005. IEEE NLP-KE '05. Proceedings of 2005 IEEE International Conference on;
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ABSTRACT: Entity recognition (NER) is an important step for many natural language applications, such as information extraction, text summarization, and question answering. Chinese NER has some special characteristics that make this task difficult. In this paper, we present some NER experiments on the corpora used for Chinese 863 NER task in 2004 based on three models: maximum entropy, hidden Markov model (HMM) and the more recent conditional random fields (CRFs). The results show that CRFs model outperforms the other two models in the sense of best results and average performance, and model scalability among data sizes. In our experiments, CRFs model approach can achieve an overall Fl measure around 84.39/80.68 in simple/traditional Chinese NER respectively, with a gain of 2.01/10.50 over the best system in 863 competitions.
Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Engineering, 2005. IEEE NLP-KE '05. Proceedings of 2005 IEEE International Conference on;
