T Srogosz

Publications of T Srogosz

• [The main field hospitals of the French and Polish armies behind the lines in 1807]

  Authors: T Srogosz

  Medycyna nowozytna : studia nad historia medycyny / Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Historii Nauki. 02/2000; 7(2):43-60.

  The health requirements of the French and Polish troops fighting in Pomerania, mainly those of General Zajaczek's Observation Corps (Second Legion), forced the interim Polish authorities to establishThe health requirements of the French and Polish troops fighting in Pomerania, mainly those of General Zajaczek's Observation Corps (Second Legion), forced the interim Polish authorities to establish main field hospitals in the Spring of 1807. Firstly, at Mława, and then in the former storehouses on the Vistula at Tokary and Dobrzyków. Though the latter were situated in two localities, they nevertheless constituted an administrative whole. Of temporary character, these large hospitals (Mława was capable of accommodating up to 1000 patients, Tokary and Dobrzyków up to 2000 patients) were closed after the end of hostilities. In spite of the temporary character of the field hospitals, the daily death rate was only several persons (sometimes there were a dozen or so fatalities, which also constituted a small number). During the establishment of the main field hospitals, a number of people demonstrated a degree of organisational talent. These included Józef Wybicki, representative of the Governing Committee and Stanisław Breza, director of internal affairs. Later there was Rev. Józef Poniatowski, war commander, also local officials such as Józef Zabłocki and Teodor Mikołaj Dembowski, as well as representatives of the health service such as Dr. Hiacynt Dziarkowski, and Dr. Michał Bergonzoni. Other people worth mentioning include the hospital personnel (Colonel Teodor Pretwitz was Commanding Officer of the field hospitals in Mława, Tokary and Dobrzyków) who helped the sick and wounded soldiers, often under the difficult conditions of supplies and staff shortages. These shortages were a result of the scale of the enterprise, the poor relations between staff members, such as the conflict between Dr. Dziarkowski and Colonel Pretwitz, reservations about the competence of the head doctor Juliusz Szamborski. But most of all these shortages were a result of requisitions ordered by French Commissioners and Ward Heads. In spite of the problems main field hospitals achieved their purpose and gained recognition by high-ranking Polish and French commanding officers, especially General Zajaczek.

• [The problem of the choice of theory in the examination of human existence in the history]

  Authors: T Srogosz

  Medycyna nowozytna : studia nad historia medycyny / Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Historii Nauki. 02/1999; 6(1):7-24.

  This article provides criticism of Z. Kuchowicz's research program which aimed at direct determination of history in terms of biological factors and the natural environment. A model of explaining theThis article provides criticism of Z. Kuchowicz's research program which aimed at direct determination of history in terms of biological factors and the natural environment. A model of explaining the biological dimension of history on the basis of modern methodological assumptions of historiographic trends has been proposed, in particular F. Braudel's concept of global history (temporal categories), historical anthropology, M. Foucault's theory of discourse and postmodernism (microhistory). The choice of theory depended on its reception by historians, feasibility for the purposes of medical historiography, subjective attitude, and individual attempts to take into account different methodological assumptions. Modern historiographic trends create an opportunity for the research on the biological existence of the man in the history, they put the biological existence and the natural environment in a position, which can be even regarded as privileged. It is essential to depart from the traditional, even-directed historiography or not to restrict oneself exclusively to research postulates or theoretical works, but to highlight specific and new issues and conduct source studies in that area.

• [On constructing a theory (model) of the development of medical sciences in modern times]

  Authors: T Srogosz

  Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyĭ zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki -. 02/1998; 43(2):63-8.

  Although at present it is impossible to construct a coherent and homogeneous theory (model) of medical sciences in modern times, attempts to look for regularities in the history of modern medicineAlthough at present it is impossible to construct a coherent and homogeneous theory (model) of medical sciences in modern times, attempts to look for regularities in the history of modern medicine should not be abandoned. The most reasonable way out of the impasse is to construct partial theories of scientific discovery that could be used in research on the evolution of medical sciences within certain chronological, territorial and substantive limits.

• [Durability and variability of the peasant population health conditions in the Republic of Poland in the 18th century]

  Authors: T Srogosz

  Medycyna nowozytna : studia nad historia medycyny / Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Historii Nauki. 02/1997; 4(1-2):85-104.

  The article attempts to create a model of the peasant population health conditions in the Republic of Poland in the 18th century according to the theoretical premises by F. Braudel. FactorsThe article attempts to create a model of the peasant population health conditions in the Republic of Poland in the 18th century according to the theoretical premises by F. Braudel. Factors influencing the nature of health conditions and diseases of this social group and thus constituting a biological and demographic state of social man showed durability, forming an almost invariable area. Although this area was influenced by short duration phenomena of territorial, chronological and factual character, that is private and civil initiatives and public administration actions, the influence was very limited affecting only a small portion of the peasant population. Due to the slow rate of civilization transformations, established health habits and negative results of affranchisement reforms, health conditions in rural areas did not change significantly after the loss of independence either.