-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: There are multiple adverse effects of anemia on human function, particularly on women. However, few researches are conducted on women anemia in rural Western China. This study mainly aims to investigate the levels and associated factors of maternal anemia between 2001 and 2005 in this region.
METHODS: 6172 and 5372 mothers with children under three years old were selected from 8 provinces in 2001 and from 9 provinces in 2005 respectively in Western China by means of a multi-stage probability proportion to size sampling method (PPS). The blood samples were tested and related socio-demographic information was obtained through questionnaires. A two-level logistic regression model was employed to identify the determinants and provincial variations of women anemia in 2001 and 2005. RESULTS: The results indicated that the crude prevalence of women anemia in 2005 was higher than the rate in 2001(45.7% vs 33.6%). Based on the nationwide census data in 2000, the age-standardized prevalence of women anemia in the study were obtained as 38.0% in 2001 and 50.0% in 2005 respectively. Two-level logistic model analysis showed that compared to the average, women were more likely to be anemic in Guangxi and Qinghai in 2001 as well as in Chongqing and Qinghai in 2005; that women from Minority groups had higher odds of anemia in contrast with Han; that women with higher parity, longer breastfeeding duration and higher socioeconomic level had a lower rate of anemia, while age of women was positively associated with anemia. The positive correlation between women anemia and altitude was also observed.
CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that the burden of maternal anemia in rural Western China increased considerably between 2001 and 2005. The Chinese government should conduct integrated interventions on anemia of mothers in this region.
BMC Public Health 04/2013; 13(1):366. · 2.00 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Objective: The double burden of undernutrition and overnutrition is recognized as a global devastating problem. However, few studies have investigated the maternal nutritional status among different ethnicities and the socio-demographic characteristics in rural areas of western China. This study attempted to fill this gap. Design: Data on 10,495 women with children under three years old were collected using a three-stage probability proportion to size sampling from 45 counties of 10 provinces in western China. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) was used to assess the maternal nutrition conditions, including chronic energy deficiency (CED) and overweight/obesity. Results: According to the WHO BMI standard, the prevalences of CED and overweight/obesity were 12.3% (BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m2) and 12.4% (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), respectively, while overweight/obesity rate was 18.5% (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2) based on the Chinese standard. A significant difference in malnutrition between Han and Minority was not observed. The relationship between breastfeeding and CED was inverse (OR 0.64, 95%CI: 0.48, 0.87), but higher parity were positively correlated with CED (OR 1.57, 95%CI: 1.36, 1.82). The highest odds of CED were observed in the group with 1-5 years of education (OR 1.21, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.43). Higher parity was also associated with overweight/obesity (OR 0.78, 95%CI: 0.67, 0.91), and rural women aged 30-39 years old were more likely to be overweight/obese (OR 2.21, 95%CI: 1.47, 3.32). In addition, higher socioeconomic status was positively related to overweight women (OR 1.19, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.43), and inversely associated with CED (OR 0.83, 95%CI: 0.72, 0.97). Conclusion: The coexistence of undernutrition and overweight among women of reproductive age are determined in rural western China. It appears that socio-demographic factors considerably influence maternal nutritional status in the study. These findings have important policy implications for recommendations on maternal health intervention in China.
Ethnicity and Health 03/2013; · 1.64 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and body mass index (BMI) as well as waist circumference (WC) of men from 9 rural districts of Hanzhong, Shaanxi province.
Cross-sectional data was analyzed from Hanzhong Health Survey on rural residents in 2010. Quantile regression mode was used to compare the results using the BMI (WC) and smoking status (degree) as the dependent variables and independent variable and confounding factors were also controlled.
1039 rmale residents of rural areas of Hanzhong city were investigated. The prevalence rates on overweight and obesity among the males were 28.0% and 5.9%, with central obesity as 35.0% and the rate of current cigarette smoking was 63.6% in the areas.
from the quantile regression showed that the relationship between smoking status and BMI beyond 80 percentile in men (BMI = 24.4) which was not significantly different BMI among the heavy smokers, was much higher than those mild smokers beyond 90 percentile (BMI = 24.9). WC of the current smokers was significantly higher than those ex-smokers beyond the 95 percentile (WC = 96.7 cm). WCs of the moderate and heavy smokers had an increase along with the increase of WCs beyond the 85 percentiles (WC = 89.9 cm).
The effect of smoking status and BMI (WC) were inconsistent, however, with BMI and WC increased among the subjects whose BMI or WC were at the high extreme end of the distribution. Thus, we should advise the obese subjects to quit smoking.
Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 09/2012; 33(9):907-11.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND The Chinese Ministry of Health (MOH) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) carried out the Rural Primary Health Care Project (RPHC) with a government-led, province-level, integrated intervention that targeted children under 3 years old in rural areas of western China from 2001 to 2005. The objective of this study was to measure the effectiveness of the intervention on childhood nutrition. METHODS 10 415 and 9916 children under 3 years old in 2001 and 2005, respectively, were selected in rural areas of western China. Stunting was used as the sole outcome variable to assess the child undernutrition change over time. The concentration index was used to assess the extent of the inequality of child undernutrition. Difference-in-difference estimation was used to evaluate the effects of the intervention on child undernutrition. RESULTS After the intervention, the proportion of child stunting decreased from 20.8% to 10.2%. The results from the difference-in-difference estimation with stunting adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics showed that the intervention had significantly improved the child stunting rate by 0.4%. Despite the decline in the undernutrition rate, the concentration indices for stunting in the intervention group decreased from -0.139 to -0.223 between 2001 and 2005. CONCLUSION This intervention project was effective in reducing childhood undernutrition rates to some extent in rural areas of western China. However, it seems that the project had a negative effect on the equity of undernutrition.
Health Policy and Planning 08/2012; · 2.65 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate of abdominal obesity and to explore the associated risk factors in rural communities from Hanzhong area, Shaanxi province, and to provide baseline data for further targeted intervention programs.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among all the participants with questionnaires, interview and physical examination. Nine townships were selected in Hanzhong area, followed by one village randomly chosen from the selected township, using the stratified random sampling method.
There were 3030 participants in this survey, among which 3021 samples were valid, including 1048 males and 1973 females. The overall prevalence rate of abdominal obesity was 38.9% (standardized rate as 33.4%) in rural communities of Hanzhong, and the prevalence rate on males abdominal obesity (35.0%) was significantly lower than that of females (40.9%). It was found that following factors as: being male, married, having more household wealth, frequent consumption of fried food, non-engagement of agricultural labor work, being nonsmoker or ex-smoker, spending longer time on watching-TV etc. were positively associated with the bigger odds of having abdominal obesity when using the logistic regression analysis. Meanwhile, data from this study indicated that factors as: at younger age, frequent participation in agricultural labor, under artificial feeding, with more years of education, less frequency of pregnancy etc. were negatively related to the prevalence of female abdominal obesity.
The prevalence rate of abdominal obesity in Hanzhong area, Shaanxi province was significantly higher than the national average level which called for the development of related intervention programs to prevent chronic diseases associated with gender related-obesity in Hanzhong.
Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 04/2012; 33(4):356-9.
