J. Wochele

Publications (136)123.59 Total impact

• Article: Ankle-like Feature in the Energy Spectrum of Light Elements of Cosmic Rays Observed with KASCADE-Grande

  W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga-Velàzquez, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, [......], S. Schoo, F. G. Schröder, O. Sima, G. Toma, G. C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski
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  ABSTRACT: Recent results of the KASCADE-Grande experiment provided evidence for a mild knee-like structure in the all-particle spectrum of cosmic rays at $E = 10^{16.92 \pm 0.10} \, \mathrm{eV}$, which was found to be due to a steepening in the flux of heavy primary particles. The spectrum of the combined components of light and intermediate masses was found to be compatible with a single power law in the energy range from $10^{16.3} \, \mathrm{eV}$ to $10^{18} \, \mathrm{eV}$. In this paper, we present an update of this analysis by using data with increased statistics, originating both from a larger data set including more recent measurements and by using a larger fiducial area. In addition, optimized selection criteria for enhancing light primaries are applied. We find a spectral feature for light elements, namely a hardening at $E = 10^{17.08 \pm 0.08} \, \mathrm{eV}$ with a change of the power law index from $-3.25 \pm 0.05$ to $-2.79 \pm 0.08$.
  04/2013;
• Article: Cosmic Ray Measurements with LOPES: Status and Recent Results (ARENA 2012)

  F. G. Schröder, W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga, L. Bähren, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, [......], A. Saftoiu, H. Schieler, A. Schmidt, O. Sima, G. Toma, G. C. Trinchero, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, J. A. Zensus
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  ABSTRACT: LOPES is a digital antenna array at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, for cosmic-ray air-shower measurements. Triggered by the co-located KASCADE-Grande air-shower array, LOPES detects the radio emission of air showers via digital radio interferometry. We summarize the status of LOPES and recent results. In particular, we present an update on the reconstruction of the primary-particle properties based on almost 500 events above 100 PeV. With LOPES, the arrival direction can be reconstructed with a precision of at least 0.65{\deg}, and the energy with a precision of at least 20 %, which, however, does not include systematic uncertainties on the absolute energy scale. For many particle and astrophysics questions the reconstruction of the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum, Xmax, is important, since it yields information on the type of the primary particle and its interaction with the atmosphere. Recently, we found experimental evidence that the slope of the radio lateral distribution is indeed sensitive to the longitudinal development of the air shower, but unfortunately, the Xmax precision at LOPES is limited by the high level of anthropogenic radio background. Nevertheless, the developed methods can be transferred to next generation experiments with lower background, which should provide an Xmax precision competitive to other detection technologies.
  01/2013;
• Article: Radar reflection off extensive air showers

  J. Stasielak, S. Baur, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, A. Chiavassa, R. Engel, A. Haungs, T. Huege, K. -H. Kampert, H. Klages, [......], M. Riegel, M. Roth, F. Salamida, H. Schieler, R. Šmída, M. Unger, M. Weber, F. Werner, H. Wilczyński, J. Wochele
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  ABSTRACT: We investigate the possibility of detecting extensive air showers by the radar technique. Considering a bistatic radar system and different shower geometries, we simulate reflection of radio waves off the static plasma produced by the shower in the air. Using the Thomson cross-section for radio wave reflection, we obtain the time evolution of the signal received by the antennas. The frequency upshift of the radar echo and the power received are studied to verify the feasibility of the radar detection technique.
  10/2012;
• Article: The spectrum of high-energy cosmic rays measured with KASCADE-Grande

  The KASCADE-Grande Collaboration: W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga-Velazquez, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Bluemer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, P. Buchholz, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, [......], H. Schieler, F. G. Schroeder, O. Sima, G. Toma, G. C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski
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  ABSTRACT: The energy spectrum of cosmic rays between 10**16 eV and 10**18 eV, derived from measurements of the shower size (total number of charged particles) and the total muon number of extensive air showers by the KASCADE-Grande experiment, is described. The resulting all-particle energy spectrum exhibits strong hints for a hardening of the spectrum at approximately 2x10**16 eV and a significant steepening at c. 8x10**16 eV. These observations challenge the view that the spectrum is a single power law between knee and ankle. Possible scenarios generating such features are discussed in terms of astrophysical processes that may explain the transition region from galactic to extragalactic origin of cosmic rays.
  06/2012;
• Article: Experimental evidence for the sensitivity of the air-shower radio signal to the longitudinal shower development

  W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga, L. Bähren, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, P. Buchholz, [......], A. Schmidt, F. G. Schröder, O. Sima, G. Toma, G. C. Trinchero, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski, J. A. Zensus
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  ABSTRACT: We observe a correlation between the slope of radio lateral distributions, and the mean muon pseudorapidity of 59 individual cosmic-ray-air-shower events. The radio lateral distributions are measured with LOPES, a digital radio interferometer co-located with the multi-detector-air-shower array KASCADE-Grande, which includes a muon-tracking detector. The result proves experimentally that radio measurements are sensitive to the longitudinal development of cosmic-ray air-showers. This is one of the main prerequisites for using radio arrays for ultra-high-energy particle physics and astrophysics.
  03/2012;
• Source

  Available from: H. J. Mathes

  Article: KASCADE-Grande - Contributions to the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing, August, 2011

  W D Apel, J. C. Arteaga-Velazquez, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Bluemer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, P. Buchholz, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, [......], H. Schieler, F. G. Schroeder, O. Sima, G. Toma, G C Trinchero, H. Ulrich, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski
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  ABSTRACT: Contributions of the KASCADE-Grande Collaboration to the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing, August, 2011.
  11/2011;
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  Available from: H. J. Mathes

  Article: Kneelike structure in the spectrum of the heavy component of cosmic rays observed with KASCADE-Grande.

  W D Apel, J C Arteaga-Velázquez, K Bekk, M Bertaina, J Blümer, H Bozdog, I M Brancus, P Buchholz, E Cantoni, A Chiavassa, [......], H Schieler, F G Schröder, O Sima, G Toma, G C Trinchero, H Ulrich, A Weindl, J Wochele, M Wommer, J Zabierowski
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  ABSTRACT: We report the observation of a steepening in the cosmic ray energy spectrum of heavy primary particles at about 8×10(16) eV. This structure is also seen in the all-particle energy spectrum, but is less significant. Whereas the "knee" of the cosmic ray spectrum at 3-5×10(15) eV was assigned to light primary masses by the KASCADE experiment, the new structure found by the KASCADE-Grande experiment is caused by heavy primaries. The result is obtained by independent measurements of the charged particle and muon components of the secondary particles of extensive air showers in the primary energy range of 10(16) to 10(18) eV. The data are analyzed on a single-event basis taking into account also the correlation of the two observables.
  Physical Review Letters 10/2011; 107(17):171104. · 7.37 Impact Factor
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  Available from: ArXiv

  Article: First results of the CROME experiment

  R. Smida, H. Bluemer, R. Engel, A. Haungs, T. Huege, K. H. Kampert, H. Klages, M. Kleifges, O. Kroemer, S. Mathys, [......], M. Riegel, M Roth, F. Salamida, H. Schieler, J. Stasielak, M. Unger, M Weber, F. Werner, H. Wilczynski, J. Wochele
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  ABSTRACT: It is expected that a radio signal in the microwave range is produced in the atmosphere due to molecular bremsstrahlung initiated by extensive air showers. The CROME (Cosmic-Ray Observation via Microwave Emission) experiment was built to search for this microwave signal. Radiation from the atmosphere is monitored in the extended C band (3.4--4.2 GHz) in coincidence with showers detected by the KASCADE-Grande experiment. The detector setup consists of several parabolic antennas and fast read-out electronics. The sensitivity of the detector has been measured with different methods. First results after half a year of data taking are presented.
  08/2011;
• Article: New measurements of cosmic ray air showers with the digital radio interferometer LOPES

  F. G. Schröder, W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga, T. Asch, L. Bähren, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, [......], H. Schieler, A. Schmidt, O. Sima, G. Toma, G. C. Trinchero, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski, J. A. Zensus
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  ABSTRACT: LOPES is a digital radio interferometer which measures the radio emission of extensive cosmic ray air showers. It mainly consists of 30 dipole antennas installed in co-location with KASCADE-Grande at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Germany. KASCADE-Grande measures the secondary air shower particles at ground. Whenever KASCADE-Grande detects a high-energy cosmic ray event (≳1016 eV), it triggers LOPES which then digitally records the radio signal in the frequency band from 40 to 80 MHz. Using interferometric methods, LOPES is able to successfully detect air shower induced radio pulses, even in the noisy environment at the KIT. In the present studies, a considerable progress in understanding the radio emission mechanism is shown: The latest version of the "radio emission in air shower" simulation program, REAS3, seems to be the first Monte Carlo tool which is able to reproduce the magnitude and slope of most of the measured lateral distributions.
  Astrophysics and Space Sciences Transactions 07/2011; 7:303-306.
• Article: The cosmic ray energy spectrum in the range 1016-1018 eV measured by KASCADE-Grande

  M. Bertaina, W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, K. Bekk, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, P. Buchholz, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, [......], H. Schieler, F. Schröder, O. Sima, G. Toma, G. C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski
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  ABSTRACT: The KASCADE-Grande experiment, located at Campus North of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany) is a multi-component extensive air-shower experiment devoted to the study of cosmic rays and their interactions at primary energies 1014-1018 eV. One of the main goals of the experiment is the measurement of the all particle energy spectrum in the 1016-1018 eV range, i.e. extending the range accessible by KASCADE alone. The Grande detector samples the charged component (Nch) of the air shower while the original KASCADE array provides in addition a measurement of the muon component (Nμ). The combined information of Nch and Nμ is used to estimate the energy on an event-by-event basis and to derive the all-particle energy spectrum. Since the calibration of the observables in terms of the primary energy depends on Monte Carlo simulations, three different methods with partially different sources of uncertainties, have been considered and compared to each other to derive the systematics on the energy spectrum. The different methods employed to derive the spectrum and their uncertainties, as well as the implications of the obtained result, are discussed in detail.
  Astrophysics and Space Sciences Transactions 05/2011; 7:229-234.
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  Available from: Janusz Zabierowski

  Article: The LOPES experiment

  Katrin Link, W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga, T. Asch, L. Bähren, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, [......], A. Schmidt, F. G. Schröder, O. Sima, G. Toma, G. C. Trinchero, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski, J. A. Zensus
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  ABSTRACT: Cosmic ray particles hit the Earth's atmosphere and induce extensive air showers (EAS). These EAS mainly consist of electrons and positrons that produce radio emission due to their interaction with the Earth's magnetic field. Measuring this radio emission is the purpose of the LOPES (LOFAR Prototype Station) experiment.LOPES is located at Campus North of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology at the same site as the EAS particle detector KASCADE-Grande. Since the first measurements in 2003, LOPES was improved by various experimental setups and could establish the radio technique. By now, detailed studies of the measured radio signal are performed, like the behaviour of the lateral distribution or the polarization of the electric field. Furthermore, with LOPES the dependence of the radio pulse on properties of the incoming cosmic ray, like primary energy, primary mass, or incoming direction is investigated. In this article we describe the different LOPES setups, next we explain our standard analysis procedure and then we discuss some highlights of our recent results.
  Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 02/2011; 212:323-328. · 0.88 Impact Factor
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  Available from: H. J. Mathes

  Article: Longitudinal EAS-Development Studies in the Air-Shower Experiment KASCADE-Grande

  P. Doll, W D Apel, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, P. Buchholz, E. Cantoni, [......], H. Schieler, F. G. Schröder, O. Sima, G. Toma, G C Trinchero, H. Ulrich, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski
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  ABSTRACT: A large area (128 m^2) Muon Tracking Detector (MTD), located within the KASCADE experiment, has been built with the aim to identify muons (E_mu > 0.8 GeV) and their directions in extensive air showers by track measurements under more than 18 r.l. shielding. The orientation of the muon track with respect to the shower axis is expressed in terms of the radial- and tangential angles. By means of triangulation the muon production height H_mu is determined. By means of H_mu, a transition from light to heavy cosmic ray primary particle with increasing shower energy Eo from 1-10 PeV is observed. Muon pseudorapidity distributions for the first interactions above 15 km are studied and compared to Monte Carlo simulations. Comment: Presented at the XVI International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions (ISVHECRI 2010), Batavia, IL, USA (28 June 2 July 2010). 4 pages, 3 figures
  10/2010;
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  Available from: H. J. Mathes

  Article: Sensitivity of KASCADE-Grande data to hadronic interaction models

  D. Kang, W D Apel, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, P. Buchholz, E. Cantoni, [......], H. Schieler, F. G. Schröder, O. Sima, G. Toma, G C Trinchero, H. Ulrich, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski
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  ABSTRACT: KASCADE-Grande is a large detector array dedicated for studies of high-energy cosmic rays in the primary energy range from 100 TeV to 1 EeV. The multi-detector concept of the experimental set-up offers the possibility to measure simultaneously various observables related to the electromagnetic, muonic, and hadronic air shower components. The experimental data are compared to predictions of CORSIKA simulations using high-energy hadronic interaction models (e.g. QGSJET or EPOS), as well as low-energy interaction models (e.g. FLUKA or GHEISHA). This contribution will summarize the results of such investigations. In particular, the validity of the new EPOS version 1.99 for EAS with energy around 100 PeV will be discussed. Comment: Talk given at XVI International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions ISVHECRI 2010, Batavia, IL, USA (28 June 2 July 2010). 4 pages, 4 figures
  09/2010;
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  Available from: H. J. Mathes

  Article: The KASCADE-Grande experiment: measurements of the all-particle energy spectrum of cosmic rays

  J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, W D Apel, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, P. Buchholz, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, [......], H. Schieler, F Schröder, O. Sima, G. Toma, G C Trinchero, H. Ulrich, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski
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  ABSTRACT: The all-particle energy spectrum as measured by the KASCADE-Grande experiment for E = 10^{16} - 10^{18} eV is presented within the framework of the QGSJET II/FLUKA hadronic interaction models. Three different methods were applied based on the muon size and the total number of charged particles individually and in combination. From the study it is found that the spectrum cannot be completely described by a smooth power law due to the presence of characteristic features. Comment: Invited talk given at XVI International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions ISVHECRI 2010, Batavia, IL, USA (28 June 2 July 2010). 6 pages, 8 figures
  09/2010;
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  Available from: Janusz Zabierowski

  Article: On noise treatment in radio measurements of cosmic ray air showers

  F. G. Schröder, W D Apel, J. C. Arteaga, T. Asch, L. Bähren, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, [......], H. Schieler, A Schmidt, O. Sima, G. Toma, G C Trinchero, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski, J. A. Zensus - LOPES Collaboration
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  ABSTRACT: Precise measurements of the radio emission by cosmic ray air showers require an adequate treatment of noise. Unlike to usual experiments in particle physics, where noise always adds to the signal, radio noise can in principle decrease or increase the signal if it interferes by chance destructively or constructively. Consequently, noise cannot simply be subtracted from the signal, and its influence on amplitude and time measurement of radio pulses must be studied with care. First, noise has to be determined consistently with the definition of the radio signal which typically is the maximum field strength of the radio pulse. Second, the average impact of noise on radio pulse measurements at individual antennas is studied for LOPES. It is shown that a correct treatment of noise is especially important at low signal-to-noise ratios: noise can be the dominant source of uncertainty for pulse height and time measurements, and it can systematically flatten the slope of lateral distributions. The presented method can also be transfered to other experiments in radio and acoustic detection of cosmic rays and neutrinos.
  09/2010;
• Article: Primary Energy Spectrum as Reconstructed from S(500) Measurements by KASCADE‐Grande

  G. Toma, W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga, F. Badea, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, [......], H. Schieler, F. Schröder, O. Sima, M. Stümpert, G. C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski
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  ABSTRACT: In cosmic ray investigations by observations of extensive air showers (EAS) the general question arises how to relate the registered EAS observables to the energy of the primary particle from the cosmos entering into the atmosphere. We present results on the reconstruction of the primary energy spectrum of cosmic rays from the experimentally recorded S(500) observable using the KASCADE‐Grande detector array. The KASCADE‐Grande experiment is installed in Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany, and driven by an international collaboration. Previous EAS investigations have shown that for a fixed energy the charged particle density becomes independent of the primary mass at certain distances from the shower core. This feature can be used as an estimator for the primary energy. The particular radial distance from the shower core where this effect shows up is a characteristic of the detector. For the KASCADE‐Grande experiment it was shown to be around 500 m, hence a notation S(500). Extensive simulation studies have shown that S(500) is mapping the primary energy. The constant intensity cut (CIC) method is applied to evaluate the attenuation of the S(500) observable with the zenith angle. An attenuation correction is applied and all recorded S(500) values are corrected for attenuation. A calibration of S(500) values with the primary energy has been worked out by simulations and was used for conversion providing the possibility to obtain the primary energy spectrum (in the energy range accessible to KASCADE‐Grande 1010–1018 eV). The systematic uncertainties induced by different factors are considered.
  AIP Conference Proceedings. 01/2010; 1203(1):145-150.
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  Available from: H. J. Mathes

  Article: Lateral Distribution of the Radio Signal in Extensive Air Showers Measured with LOPES

  LOPES Collaboration, W D Apel, J. C. Arteaga, T. Asch, A. F. Badea, L. Baehren, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, J. Bluemer, [......], O. Sima, K. Singh, G. Toma, G C Trinchero, H. Ulrich, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski, J. A. Zensus
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  ABSTRACT: The antenna array LOPES is set up at the location of the KASCADE-Grande extensive air shower experiment in Karlsruhe, Germany and aims to measure and investigate radio pulses from Extensive Air Showers. The coincident measurements allow us to reconstruct the electric field strength at observation level in dependence of general EAS parameters. In the present work, the lateral distribution of the radio signal in air showers is studied in detail. It is found that the lateral distributions of the electric field strengths in individual EAS can be described by an exponential function. For about 20% of the events a flattening towards the shower axis is observed, preferentially for showers with large inclination angle. The estimated scale parameters R0 describing the slope of the lateral profiles range between 100 and 200 m. No evidence for a direct correlation of R0 with shower parameters like azimuth angle, geomagnetic angle, or primary energy can be found. This indicates that the lateral profile is an intrinsic property of the radio emission during the shower development which makes the radio detection technique suitable for large scale applications. Comment: accepted by Astroparticle Physics
  10/2009;
• Article: New method to measure the attenuation of hadrons in extensive air showers

  W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga, F. Badea, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, [......], M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G. C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, J. van Buren, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski
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  ABSTRACT: Extensive air showers are generated through interactions of high-energy cosmic rays impinging the Earth’s atmosphere. A new method is described to infer the attenuation of hadrons in air showers. The numbers of electrons and muons, registered with the scintillator array of the KASCADE experiment, are used to estimate the energy of the shower inducing primary particle. A large hadron calorimeter is used to measure the hadronic energy reaching observation level. The ratio of energy reaching ground level to the energy of the primary particle is used to derive an attenuation length of hadrons in air showers. In the energy range from 106 to 3×107 GeV the attenuation length obtained increases from 170 to 210 g/cm2. The experimental results are compared to predictions of simulations based on contemporary high-energy interaction models.
  Phys. Rev. D. 07/2009; 80(2).
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  Available from: H. J. Mathes

  Article: Cosmic Ray Measurements with the KASCADE-Grande Experiment

  KASCADE-Grande Collaboration: W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga, F. Badea, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Bluemer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, M. Brueggemann, P. Buchholz, [......], F. Schroeder, O. Sima, M. Stuempert, G. Toma, G C Trinchero, H. Ulrich, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski
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  ABSTRACT: 14 KASCADE-Grande reports submitted to the 31st International Cosmic Ray Conference, Lodz, Poland, July 2009 Comment: Contributions to the 31st International Cosmic Ray Conference, Lodz, Poland, July 2009
  06/2009;
• Article: The KASCADE‐Grande Experiment

  V. de Souza, W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga, F. Badea, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, [......], M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G. C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, J. van Buren, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski
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  ABSTRACT: KASCADE‐Grande is a multi‐component detector located at Karlsruhe, Germany. It was optimized to measure cosmic ray air showers with energies between 5×1016 and 1018 eV. Its capabilities are based on the use of several techniques to measure the electromagnetic and muon components of the shower in an independent way which allows a direct comparison to hadronic interaction models and a good estimation of the primary cosmic ray composition.
  AIP Conference Proceedings. 04/2009; 1123(1):211-216.