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Article: Densidad energética y diversidad de dietas en hogares rurales y urbanos de México e ingreso familiar (1992–2002)
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ABSTRACT: RESUMEN Objetivos: Describir los cambios de 1992-2002 en la disponibilidad de energía en las dietas de los hogares rurales y urbanos de México, según la densidad energética (DE) y el ingreso per cápita. Material y métodos: Se analizaron encuestas de ingreso/gasto del Instituto Nacional de Geografía Estadística e Informática en mues-tras representativas (> 10,000 hogares) de poblaciones urbana y rural (< 2500 hab.). Se cálculo la media de energía (kcal) per cápita por día de porción comestible de alimentos comprados, producidos o intercambiados durante 7 días (Tablas US. Dep. Agric., US) según la DE (calorías/100 g). Resultados: La media de energía (ingreso familiar en ambos hogares. Conclusiones: Los cambios dietarios descritos están asociados a la urbanización y al nivel del ingreso familiar y podrían estar relacio-nados con la epidemia de obesidad. SUMMARY Objective. To describe changes in sources of energy of diets available in urban and rural households of Mexico from 1992 to 2002, according to levels of energy density (ED) and family income. Methods. Analysis of data from Income and Expenditure Surveys (National Institute of Informatics and Statistics) in representative samples (>10000 households) of urban and rural populations (< 2500 people). Calculation of mean per capita-per day kcal of foods purchased, produced or exchanged during 7 days. Food groups were divided in three levels of DE (raw or cooked foods) (US Agriculture Dept. Tables). Results. Mean percapita kcal of rural households was higher than urban households, and it increased as a function of family income in both cases. Energy available from vegetable oil increased during the period in both strata. Rural diet was less diverse, and tortilla was the main energy source. Urban diet included more energy from low-density foods, such as vegetables, soft-drinks and milk. Dietary diversity was directly associated to family income in both rural and urban households. Conclusions. The dietary changes described are related to urbanization and to the family economic level, and could play a part in the etiology of the epidemic of obesity.01/2007; 143.
