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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The development of pressure ulcers (PUs) impacts quality of life among home care (HC) recipients and increases overall healthcare costs. OBJECTIVE: To understand associated factors for the development of PUs in new HC recipients who received HC services for 4-6 weeks. METHODS: This was a cross sectional study with retrospective medical record review to establish the incidence of pressure ulcers in the HC setting. A total of 220 pairs of caregivers and HC recipients were recruited from five HC agencies in Tainan, Southern Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information about HC recipients' demographics, clinical characteristics, risk level of developing PUs, and PUs. We also collected information about the primary caregivers' demographics, caregiving characteristics, prevention care of PUs, and self-efficacy for PUs prevention care. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify important explanatory factors for the development of PUs among HC recipients after receiving HC services. RESULTS: The incidence of PUs among new recipients of HC services for 4-6 weeks was 14.3%. A decrease of developing PUs was associated with: better PUs prevention care of primary caregivers (OR=0.107); being educated about preventing PUs of primary caregivers during HC recipients' hospitalization (OR=0.366); and higher scores of the Braden scale among HC recipients (OR=0.759). CONCLUSIONS: To decrease the development of developing pressure ulcers in new HC recipients, nurses should educate primary caregivers regarding strategies for preventing PUs during potential HC recipient hospitalization. HC nurses should assess PU prevention care of primary caregivers, in addition to assessing the risk of developing PUs by the Braden scale.
International journal of nursing studies 07/2012; · 1.91 Impact Factor
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Lu Lai,
Chen Lin,
Zi-Qiang Xu,
Xiao-Le Han,
Fang-Fang Tian,
Ping Mei,
Dong-Wei Li,
Yu-Shu Ge,
Feng-Lei Jiang,
Ye-Zhong Zhang, Yi Liu
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ABSTRACT: This paper investigates the interactions between human serum albumin (HSA) and CdTe quantum dots (QDs) with nearly identical hydrodynamic size, but capped with four different ligands (MPA, NAC, and GSH are negatively charged; CA is positively charged) under physiological conditions. The investigation was carried out using fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectra, UV-vis spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results of fluorescence quenching and UV-vis absorption spectra experiments indicated the formation of the complex of HSA and negatively charged QDs (MPA-CdTe, NAC-CdTe, and GSH-CdTe), which was also reconfirmed by the increasing of the hydrodynamic radius of QDs. The K(a) values of the three negatively charged QDs are of the same order of magnitude, indicating that the interactions are related to the nanoparticle itself rather than the ligands. ΔH<0 and ΔS>0 implied that the electrostatic interactions play predominant roles in the adsorption process. Furthermore, it was also proven that QDs can induce the conformational changes of HSA from the CD spectra and the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of HSA. However, our results demonstrate that the interaction mechanism between the positively charged QDs (CA-CdTe) and HSA is significantly different from negatively charged QDs. For CA-CdTe QDs, both the static and dynamic quenching occur within the investigated range of concentrations. According to the DLS results, some large-size agglomeration also emerged.
Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 06/2012; 97:366-76. · 2.10 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Full-length RNA4 of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and its mutants, including a frame-shift and deletions within
the coding region, were inserted into a transcription plasmid. Transcripts derived from these plasmids and RNAs extracted
from a BNYVV isolate containing only RNAs 1, 2 and 3 were coinoculated to Tetragona expansa. Then these recombinant isolates were inoculated to sugar beet plants grown in a sand culture system containing Polymyxa betae that had been freed of virus particles to test efficiency of BNYVV transmission. The result showed that the efficiency of
BNYVV transmission among the plants by Polymyxa betae was highly decreased by different deletions in the coding region of RNA4, but not affected by the frame-shift mutant with
four nucleotides insertion. The observations suggest that at least some of the RNA4 sequence encompassing the deleted region
of 580 nucleotide acids (525 –1105 nt) are necessary for high efficient transmission of the virus by the fungus.
Chinese Science Bulletin 04/2012; 47(15):1281-1284. · 1.32 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The transcripts of beet necrotic yellow virus RNA5 were prepared from the cloned cDNA in a bacteriophage T7in vitro run-off transcription system. The RNA5 transcripts and RNAs extracted from two BNYVV mutants, HuO containing RNA1, 2 and
Hu3 containing RNA1, 2, 3 respectively, were co-inoculated toTetragonia expansa and sugar beet seedlings. The results indicated that the virus infections and accumulation in the hosts could be improved
by presence of RNA5. Cooperating with RNA3, the RNA5 seems to cause more severe symptom and yield losses in sugar beet. These
results suggest that, in addition of RNA3, BNYVV RNA5 is another important factor associated with the virus pathogenicity.
KeywordsBNYVV RNA5-
in vitro transcription-pathogenicity
Chinese Science Bulletin 04/2012; 48(8):796-799. · 1.32 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Zebrafish has become an important model organism in many fields of biomedical studies and been increasingly used in Chinese materia medica studies in recent years. This article summarized the achievements and prospect for zebrafish as a pharmacological and toxicological tool in the study and development of Chinese materia medica.
Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica 04/2012; 47(4):434-9.
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the effect of transdermal agent of PZQ on infection of Schistosoma japonicum in different developmental stages and the early period of re-infection.
All Kunming mice in the experiment groups were infected with 40 +/- 2 Schistosoma japonicum cercariae. The mice which were infected once and re-infected were treated by abdominal transdermal agent of praziquantel. Control groups were set for all of the experiment groups. All of the mice were dissected 42 d after the infection, and the worm reduction rate, egg reduction rate and miracidium hatching reduction rate were calculated. In addition, the dynamic changes of IgG antibody in sera of the mice were detected by ELISA in different time of primary infection and re-infection.
The worm reduction rates of 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d after the infection were 48.9%, 0%, 28.8%, 84.3% and 70.2%, respectively, and those of 1 d and 14 d after re-infection were 85.6% and 90.8%, respectively. After the primary infection, the specific IgG level gradually increased with the prolongation of time, and the ratio of P/N of specific anti-ESA of IgG was significantly raised after re-infection.
The transdermal agent of praziquantel is effective to Schistosoma japonicum at developmental stages, and the effect to schistosomula at early period of re-infection is more significant.
Zhongguo xue xi chong bing fang zhi za zhi = Chinese journal of schistosomiasis control. 04/2012; 24(2):155-9.
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Xibin Zhou,
Guande Liu,
Kazuhiro Yamato,
Yi Shen,
Ruixian Cheng,
Xiaoxi Wei,
Wanli Bai,
Yi Gao,
Hui Li, Yi Liu, [......],
Daniel M Czajkowsky,
Jingfang Wang,
Michael J Dabney,
Zhonghou Cai,
Jun Hu,
Frank V Bright,
Lan He,
Xiao Cheng Zeng,
Zhifeng Shao,
Bing Gong
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ABSTRACT: A long-standing aim in molecular self-assembly is the development of synthetic nanopores capable of mimicking the mass-transport characteristics of biological channels and pores. Here we report a strategy for enforcing the nanotubular assembly of rigid macrocycles in both the solid state and solution based on the interplay of multiple hydrogen-bonding and aromatic π-π stacking interactions. The resultant nanotubes have modifiable surfaces and inner pores of a uniform diameter defined by the constituent macrocycles. The self-assembling hydrophobic nanopores can mediate not only highly selective transmembrane ion transport, unprecedented for a synthetic nanopore, but also highly efficient transmembrane water permeability. These results establish a solid foundation for developing synthetically accessible, robust nanostructured systems with broad applications such as reconstituted mimicry of defined functions solely achieved by biological nanostructures, molecular sensing, and the fabrication of porous materials required for water purification and molecular separations.
Nature Communications 01/2012; 3:949. · 7.40 Impact Factor
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Jin Dong,
Zhentian He,
Chenggui Han,
Xiulan Chen,
Lingdi Zhang,
Weihua Liu,
Yuepeng Han,
Jinrong Wang,
Yafeng Zhai,
Jialin Yu, Yi Liu,
Yueyan Xiao
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ABSTRACT: The plasmid containing the promoter Act1, the coat protein (cp) gene of wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) and the selectable bar gene, was delivered via particle bombardment, directly into immature embryos of a wheat cultivars. PCR and PCR-RFLP were
employed to screen the existence of the cp gene in T0 and T1 generations. Seeds from the positive T1 plants were sowed in fields heavily contaminated with WYMV to detect
their resistance. In field trial of virus infection, one of the transgenic wheat lines, P8-T2, exhibited highly disease-resistance.
Western blot and RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of cp gene in the resistant transgenic line was reduced greatly compared to those susceptible to WYMV infection. This provided
evidence to presume that the resistance obtained by the transgenic wheat line was stimulated by the mechanism of the virus
induced gene silencing.
Chinese Science Bulletin 01/2002; 47(17):1446-1450. · 1.32 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cDNA fragment of wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) RNA2 encoding
72 ku protein has been synthesized and cloned into plasmid pET30a(+) for overexpression in prokaryotic cells. BL21(DE3) pLys
S ofE.coli transformed with the recombinant plasmid pETP72 containing the fragment has been induced to express the 72 ku protein on
high level. The produced protein has been purified from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) for its antiserum
preparation. In Western-blotting analysis, the antibodies reacted with the 72 ku protein expressed inE.coli.
Chinese Science Bulletin 01/2000; 45(6):525-528. · 1.32 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The reactions between Laccase and various substrates (3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde, Guaiacol, Pyrogallol, Gallic acid) have been studied using LKB-2107 batch microcalorimetry system. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔrHm, ΔG0, ΔG≠T, Ea, ΔS≠T) and kinetic parameters (Km, k2) have been calculated. The reactions process have been analyzed from free energy changes by using the transition state theory which showed that formation of an enzyme-substrate complex is ‘anticatalytic.’ The experimental results also indicated that stabilization of enzyme-substrate complex slows down the reaction, whereas stabilization of transition state accelerates it. Two methods are proposed to enhance catalytic power of Laccase. The decrease of activation entropy (ΔS≠T < 0) indicated that enzyme-substrate/transition structure is more tightly bound than enzyme-substrate complex structure.
Thermochimica Acta 303(2):191-196. · 1.80 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The NiSix based alloy typically has poor weldability due to its lower ductility. A limited amount of work has been performed on the weldability of NiSix based alloys. Therefore, the effect of heat treatment and welding parameters on weldability of the alloys, and the relationship between the weldability and microstructure were studied. The results show that the as-cast Ni-Si-Nb-B alloy (Ni 76.5%, Si 20%, Nb 3%, and B 0.5%) could be successfully welded after preheating at 600 °C. The welding procedure should be performed on the alloys before any heat treatment and a preheating at 600 °C should be used. The fusion zone is harder than the matrix due to a large amount of γ phase and a finer microstructure. The cracks are predominantly intergranular in heat affected zone and associated with the needle-like γ phase. The heat treatment before welding increases the tendency of cracking in the fusion zone.
Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 13(3):61-67. · 0.21 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The crystals of four complexes of rare earth perchlorate with dl-α-alanine and imidazole were synthesized and characterized. The components of them were determined to be [RE(C3H7NO2)2(C3H4N2)(H2O)](ClO4)3 (RE: Sm, Eu, Dy, Er) by FT-IR, chemical, elemental and thermal analysis. The enthalpies of dissolution of [2C3H7NO2(s) + 3NaClO4(s)], [C3H4N2(s) + RECl3·6H2O(s)] and [3NaCl(s)], {[RE(C3H7NO2)2(C3H4N2)(H2O)](ClO4)3(s)} were determined by a solution–reaction isoperibol calorimeter at T=298.15 K, respectively. According to Hess’s law, the standard molar enthalpies of reaction of four reactions, RECl3·6H2O(s) + 2C3H7NO2(s) + C3H4N2(s) + 3NaCl(s) = [RE(C3H7NO2)2(C3H4N2)(H2O)](ClO4)3(s) + 3NaCl(s) + 5H2O(l) (RE: Sm, Eu, Dy, Er) were determined to be 4.87±0.20, 7.23±0.19, 0.96±0.27 and 12.88±0.32 kJ mol−1, respectively. The standard molar enthalpies of formation of the four complexes at T=298.15 K, ΔfHmΘ {[Re(C3H7NO2)2(C3H4N2)(H2O)](ClO4)3(s)} (RE: Sm, Eu, Dy, Er), were determined to be −(2448.1±3.3), −(2360.3±3.3), −(2451.8±3.3) and −(2444.3±3.3) kJ mol−1, respectively.
Thermochimica Acta 419:169-172. · 1.80 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The microcalorimetric method was used to study the antibacterial activity on the bacteria's multiplying metabolism and the non-multiplying metabolism. The metabolism thermogenic curves of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), under the action of the synthesized Schiff base and its 3d,4f complexes (2L, 2LZnYb), were obtained. The results showed that the multiplying metabolism and the non-multiplying metabolism of bacteria could be analyzed by the thermogenic curves using the thermokinetic equations. On the multiplying metabolism, the two compounds (2L, 2LZnYb) have strong activity for E. coli. (IC50 (half-inhibitory concentration) is 6.1 and 5.1 mg·L−1, respectively) and weak activity for S. aureus (IC50 is 310.1 and 595.9 mg·L−1, respectively). The introduction of Zn and Yb with the compound slightly increased the inhibition on the multiplying metabolism of E. coli but greatly decreased the effect on that of S. aureus. The activity of these two compounds showed great difference on the non-multiplying metabolism. Regardless of E. coli or S. aureus, 2L showed a notable inhibition and MSC50 (the minimum stationary-cidal concentration 50) of 2L was 6.4 and 209.7 mg·L−1 for the two microorganisms, respectively. Thus, 2L may become a novel kind of potential antibacterial candidate.
Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica. 23(7):987-992.
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ABSTRACT: Nanowires of beta-Ag0.33V2O5 phase with high aspect ratio have been prepared by hydrothermal method at 180 °C for 16 h with equal moles of AgNO3 and NH4VO3. Acetic acid was used as an acidifying agent and pH value was between 1.8 and 2.3. X-ray diffraction pattern indicates that the sample is monoclinic phase akin to AgV6O15. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy shows that the nanowires have widths in the range of 70 nm, thicknesses of 10 nm and lengths of approximately several mm. X-ray photoelectron spectrum measurements further confirm the component of AgV6O15. TEM and HRTEM were further used to characterize the products. The obtained sample might find possible application as an electrode material in lithium ion batteries.
Journal of Crystal Growth 289(1):197-201. · 1.73 Impact Factor
