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ABSTRACT: Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is a type of ad hoc network that allows vehicles to communicate with each other in the absence of fixed infrastructure. Inter-vehicle geographic routing has been proven to perform well in high speed vehicular environments. In connected and reliable vehicular scenarios, greedy based geographical routing protocols could forward data packets efficiently and quickly towards the desti- nation. However, extremely dynamic vehicular environments and uneven distribution of vehicles could create unreliable wireless channels between vehicles and disconnected vehicular partitions. On the one hand, in connected vehicular networks, an intelligent multi-metric routing protocol must be exploited in consideration of the unreliable nature of wireless channels between vehicles and vehicular mobility characteristics. On the other hand, a mechanism must be utilized to create a virtual bridge between vehicles in discon- nected vehicular scenarios. To this end, we firstly propose a novel Stability and Reliability aware Routing (SRR) protocol that forwards packets with a high degree of reliability and stability towards the destination. That is, the SRR protocol incorporates fuzzy logic with geographical routing when making packet forwarding decisions. Routing metrics, such as direction and distance, are considered as inputs of the fuzzy decision making system so that the best preferable neighbour around a smart vehicle is selected. We then utilize a mechanism to cache data packets once the network is disconnected and then switch back to SRR in a connected vehicular scenario. Traffic density is considered as an input when estimating network dis-connectivity. After developing an analytical model of our protocol, we implemented it and compared it with standard protocols. In a realistic highway ve- hicular scenario, the results show that the proposed protocol performs better than Greedy Perimeter Coordinator Routing (GPCR) with increases of up to 21.12 %, 29.34 % and 3.98 % in packet delivery ratio in high lossy channel, sparse, and dense traffic conditions respectively. In terms of average packet delay, SRR performs better with performance increases of up to 23.92 % in dense traffic conditions. But, GPCR performs better in sparse traffic conditions by up to 36.30 %. Finally, SRR has less control overhead than the state of the art protocols.
International journal of innovative computing, information & control: IJICIC 07/2012; 8(7(B)):5095-5120. · 2.93 Impact Factor
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is a type of ad hoc network that allows vehicles to communicate with each other in the absence of fixed infrastructure. Inter-vehicle geographic routing has been proven to perform well in high speed vehicular environments. In connected and reliable vehicular scenarios, greedy based geographical routing protocols could forward data packets efficiently and quickly towards the desti-nation. However, extremely dynamic vehicular environments and uneven distribution of vehicles could create unreliable wireless channels between vehicles and disconnected vehicular partitions. On the one hand, in connected vehicular networks, an intelligent multi-metric routing protocol must be exploited in consideration of the unreliable nature of wireless channels between vehicles and vehicular mobility characteristics. On the other hand, a mechanism must be utilized to create a virtual bridge between vehicles in discon-nected vehicular scenarios. To this end, we firstly propose a novel Stability and Reliability aware Routing (SRR) protocol that forwards packets with a high degree of reliability and stability towards the destination. That is, the SRR protocol incorporates fuzzy logic with geographical routing when making packet forwarding decisions. Routing metrics, such as direction and distance, are considered as inputs of the fuzzy decision making system so that the best preferable neighbour around a smart vehicle is selected. We then utilize a mechanism to cache data packets once the network is disconnected and then switch back to SRR in a connected vehicular scenario. Traffic density is considered as an input when estimating network dis-connectivity. After developing an analytical model of our protocol, we implemented it and compared it with standard protocols. In a realistic highway ve-hicular scenario, the results show that the proposed protocol performs better than Greedy Perimeter Coordinator Routing (GPCR) with increases of up to 21.12 %, 29.34 % and 3.98 % in packet delivery ratio in high lossy channel, sparse, and dense traffic conditions respectively. In terms of average packet delay, SRR performs better with performance increases of up to 23.92 % in dense traffic conditions. But, GPCR performs better in sparse traffic conditions by up to 36.30 %. Finally, SRR has less control overhead than the state of the art protocols.
International journal of innovative computing, information & control: IJICIC 07/2012; 8(7):5095-5120. · 2.93 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is an emerging field of technology that allows vehicles to communicate together in the absence
of fixed infrastructure. The basic premise of VANET is that in order for a vehicle detect other vehicles in the vicinity.
This cognizance, awareness of other vehicles, can be achieved through beaconing. In the near future, many VANET applications
will rely on beaconing to enhance information sharing. Further, the uneven distribution of vehicles, ranging from dense rush
hour traffic to sparse late night volumes creates a pressing need for an adaptive beaconing rate control mechanism to enable
a compromise between network load and precise awareness between vehicles. To this end, we propose an intelligent Adaptive
Beaconing Rate (ABR) approach based on fuzzy logic to control the frequency of beaconing by taking traffic characteristics
into consideration. The proposed ABR considers the percentage of vehicles traveling in the same direction, and status of vehicles
as inputs of the fuzzy decision making system, in order to tune the beaconing rate according to the vehicular traffic characteristics.
To achieve a fair comparison with fixed beaconing schemes, we have implemented ABR approach in JIST/SWANs. Our simulation
shows that the proposed ABR approach is able to improve channel load due to beaconing, improve cooperative awareness between
vehicles and reduce average packet delay in lossy/lossless urban vehicular scenarios.
KeywordsVANET–Beaconing adaptation–Fuzzy logic–Cooperative awareness–Vehicular traffic characteristic
Telecommunication Systems 05/2012; · 0.69 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A wireless sensor network is a large collection of sensor nodes with limited power supply and constrained computational capability. Due to the restricted communication range and high density of sensor nodes, packet forwarding in sensor networks is usually performed through multi-hop data transmission. Therefore, routing in wireless sensor networks has been considered an important field of research over the past decade. Nowadays, multipath routing approach is widely used in wireless sensor networks to improve network performance through efficient utilization of available network resources. Accordingly, the main aim of this survey is to present the concept of the multipath routing approach and its fundamental challenges, as well as the basic motivations for utilizing this technique in wireless sensor networks. In addition, we present a comprehensive taxonomy on the existing multipath routing protocols, which are especially designed for wireless sensor networks. We highlight the primary motivation behind the development of each protocol category and explain the operation of different protocols in detail, with emphasis on their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, this paper compares and summarizes the state-of-the-art multipath routing techniques from the network application point of view. Finally, we identify open issues for further research in the development of multipath routing protocols for wireless sensor networks.
Sensors 01/2012; 12(1):650-85. · 1.74 Impact Factor
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Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science. 01/2011;
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Tsinghua Science & Technology, Elsevier. 01/2011; 16:475-490.
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ABSTRACT: The existing multipath routing protocols for wireless sensor networks demonstrate the efficacy of traffic distribution over multiple paths to fulfill the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of different applications. However, the performance of these protocols is highly affected by the characteristics of the wireless channel and may be even inferior to the performance of single-path approaches. Specifically, when multiple adjacent paths are being used concurrently, the broadcast nature of wireless channels results in interpath interference which significantly degrades end-to-end throughput. In this paper, we propose a Low-Interference Energy-efficient Multipath Routing protocol (LIEMRO) to improve the QoS requirements of event-driven applications. In addition, in order to optimize resource utilization over the established paths, LIEMRO employs a quality-based load balancing algorithm to regulate the amount of traffic injected into the paths. The performance gain of LIEMRO compared to the ETX-based single-path routing protocol is 85%, 80%, and 25% in terms of data delivery ratio, end-to-end throughput, and network lifetime, respectively. Furthermore, the end-to-end latency is improved more than 60%.
Tsinghua Science & Technology. 01/2011; 16:475-490.
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Wired/Wireless Internet Communications - 9th IFIP TC 6 International Conference, WWIC 2011, Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain, June 15-17, 2011. Proceedings; 01/2011
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Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science. 01/2010;
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The Fourth International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications (SENSORCOMM’10), Italy; 01/2010
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International Journal of Network Protocols and Algorithms. 01/2010; 2:20.
