Ramakar Jha

Publications (2)0.75 Total impact

• Article: Analytical water quality model for biochemical oxygen demand simulation in River Gomti of Ganga Basin, India

  Ramakar Jha, Vijay P. Singh
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  ABSTRACT: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) modeling in a river involves derivation and solution of the governing partial differential equation, which describes concentration change with time and space due to convection, dispersion, decay and the loading function. In this study, an analytical model is developed for BOD simulation for the boundary condition when the waste discharge concentration can be described a sinusoidal variation. The analytical model is obtained by solving the governing partial differential equation considering (i) the river for which BOD is uniformly distributed through any cross-section so that a one dimensional model is applicable and (ii) for specific initial and boundary conditions. The results of the model for BOD simulation validated for (i) water quality data from River Gomti in India, which is an important tributary of Ganga River with significant influx of pollutants, and (ii) the data sets used for validation of commonly used analytical models and are available in the published literature. The proposed model is found to represent the physical processes occurring in River Gomti with high correlation between observed and simulated BOD values. Moreover, the results obtained from other data sets published in the literature demonstrate the applicability of developed analytical model for BOD simulation.
  KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 04/2012; 12(2):141-147. · 0.38 Impact Factor
• Article: Analysis of urban development of Haridwar, India, using entropy approach

  Ramakar Jha, Vijay P. Singh, V. Vatsa
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  ABSTRACT: Urban development is a complex process, which should be observed at various levels and in many aspects for full understanding. The pervasive problems generated by urban development have prompted, in the present work, to study the spatial extent of urbanization in Haridwar, India, and patterns of periodic changes in urban development (systematic/random) in order to develop future plans for (i) urbanization promotion areas, and (ii) urbanization control areas. Remote Sensing, using Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite data, was used to map the spatial extent of urbanization for the 1989, 1998, 2000 and 2002 years. Geographical Information System (GIS) and Entropy approach, which makes use of mathematical notions related to thermodynamics and is the disorder of organization or randomness of organization of a system, were used to study the pattern of urban development (systematic or random) in Haridwar, India during 1989–2002. The distributed entropy and relative mean entropy values were evaluated considering two location factors: (i) urban development at peripheries of 1000 m each from the centre of the city (Har Ki Pauri), (ii) urban development at peripheries of 1000 m each from the highway along the upper Ganga canal. The results obtained indicate significant periodic urban development in Haridwar during 1989–2002, specifically after the 1998 year. However, urban developments were found to be random in nature, as the distributed relative entropy values formed a zig-zag pattern for the location factor from the centre of the town. The application of entropy is found to be a better alternative to conventional technique.
  KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 06/2008; 12(4):281-288. · 0.38 Impact Factor