-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Despite massive research on weight gain and metabolic complications in schizophrenia there are few studies on energy expenditure and no current data on physical capacity.
To determine oxygen uptake capacity, respiratory quotient (RQ) and energy expenditure during a submaximal exercise test in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.
Ten male patients and 10 controls were included. RQ and energy expenditure were investigated with indirect calorimetry during a cycle ergometer test. The submaximal work level was defined by heart rate and perceived exhaustion. Physical capacity was determined from predicted maximal oxygen uptake capacity (VO(2-max)).
The patients exhibited significantly higher RQ on submaximal workloads and lower physical capacity. A significant lower calculated VO(2-max) remained after correction for body weight and fat free mass (FFM). Energy expenditure did not differ on fixed workloads.
RQ was rapidly increasing in the patients during exercise indicating a faster transition to carbohydrate oxidation and anaerobic metabolism that also implies a performance closer to maximal oxygen uptake even at submaximal loads. This may restrict the capacity for everyday activity and exercise and thus contribute to the risk for weight gain. Physical capacity was consequently significantly lower in the patients.
European Psychiatry 10/2010; 27(3):206-12. · 2.77 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A lowered energy metabolism in schizophrenia was reported already in the 1920s. However, these early investigations were case studies without control groups or statistical analysis. In this study the resting energy expenditure (REE) and relevant body composition variables were measured in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.
REE was determined in 30 patients and 17 controls. The difference between the measured and the expected level for each individual was calculated as DeltaREE. Body composition was assessed with bioelectrical impedance and calliper measurements.
DeltaREE was significantly lower in the patients than in the controls. A decrease was also seen in the non-medicated patients. The patients showed significantly lower percentages of water in fat free-mass and intracellular water.
The lowering of REE and body water fractions may suggest a homeostatic aberration in schizophrenia that may be of importance for the understanding of metabolic disturbances observed in the disease.
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 08/2006; 114(1):27-35. · 4.22 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Effects of moderate physical activity (90 min at 45-50% of maximal O2 uptake 2 times daily) and "high" (2.5 g protein. kg-1. day-1, n = 6) or "normal" protein intake (1.0 g protein. kg-1. day-1, n = 8) on the pattern and rate of 24-h macronutrient utilization in healthy adult men were compared after a diet-exercise-adjustment period of 6 days. Energy turnover (ET) was determined by indirect and direct (suit) calorimetry, and "protein oxidation" was determined by a 24-h continuous intravenous infusion of [1-13C]leucine. Subjects were in slight positive energy balance during both studies. Protein contributed to a higher (22 vs. 10%) and carbohydrate (CHO) a lower (33 vs. 58%) proportion of total 24-h ET on the high- vs. normal-protein intake. The highest contribution of fat to ET was seen postexercise during fasting (73 and 61% of ET for high and normal, respectively). With the high-protein diet the subjects were in a positive protein (P < 0.001) and CHO balance (P < 0.05) and a negative fat balance (P < 0.05). The increased ET postexercise was not explained by increased rates of urea production and/or protein synthesis.
The American journal of physiology 05/1999; 276(5 Pt 1):E964-76.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In healthy adult men adapted to a diet/exercise regimen for 6 days, the effects of small, frequent meals supplying daily protein intakes of 1 (n = 8) or 2.5 g . kg-1 . day-1 (n = 6) on leucine oxidation, urea production, and whole body protein synthesis (PS) and degradation (PD) have been compared with the use of a 24-h continuous intravenous [13C]leucine and [15N,15N]urea infusion protocol. Two 90-min periods of exercise (approximately 50% maximal O2 consumption) were included during the fasting and the fed periods of the 24-h day. Subjects were determined to be at approximate energy, nitrogen, and leucine balances on both diets. Increased protein intake raised the urea production rate; the absolute rate of urea hydrolysis was the same on both diets. When the first-pass splanchnic uptake of leucine was taken to be 25% of intake, PS was stimulated by feeding (after an overnight fast) at both protein intake levels (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), whereas PD declined significantly (P < 0.01) at both protein levels. Protein gain at a high protein intake appears to be the result of both a stimulation of PS and a marked decline in PD, whereas at a less generous intake, the gain appears to be a result of a fall in PD with a less evident change in PS. Exercise moderately decreased PS during and/or immediately after exercise at each protein level, and there was a postexercise-induced increase (P < 0.01) in PD, which was more dramatic when feeding was at the higher protein intake level.
The American journal of physiology 08/1998; 275(2 Pt 1):E310-20.
