Publications (87)162.81 Total impact
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Article: Einstein@Home search for periodic gravitational waves in early S5 LIGO data
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ABSTRACT: This paper reports on an all-sky search for periodic gravitational waves from sources such as deformed isolated rapidly spinning neutron stars. The analysis uses 840 hours of data from 66 days of the fifth LIGO science run (S5). The data were searched for quasimonochromatic waves with frequencies f in the range from 50 to 1500 Hz, with a linear frequency drift f˙ (measured at the solar system barycenter) in the range -f/τ<f˙<0.1f/τ, for a minimum spin-down age τ of 1000 years for signals below 400 Hz and 8000 years above 400 Hz. The main computational work of the search was distributed over approximately 100 000 computers volunteered by the general public. This large computing power allowed the use of a relatively long coherent integration time of 30 hours while searching a large parameter space. This search extends Einstein@Home’s previous search in LIGO S4 data to about 3 times better sensitivity. No statistically significant signals were found. In the 125-225 Hz band, more than 90% of sources with dimensionless gravitational-wave strain tensor amplitude greater than 3×10^-24 would have been detected.Physical Review D 01/2013; 80(4):042003. · 4.56 Impact Factor -
Article: Search for gravitational waves associated with gamma-ray bursts during LIGO science run 6 and Virgo science runs 2 and 3
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ABSTRACT: We present the results of a search for gravitational waves associated with 154 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that were detected by satellite-based gamma-ray experiments in 2009-2010, during the sixth LIGO science run and the second and third Virgo science runs. We perform two distinct searches: a modeled search for coalescences of either two neutron stars or a neutron star and black hole; and a search for generic, unmodeled gravitational-wave bursts. We find no evidence for gravitational-wave counterparts, either with any individual GRB in this sample or with the population as a whole. For all GRBs we place lower bounds on the distance to the progenitor, under the optimistic assumption of a gravitational-wave emission energy of 10^-2 M c^2 at 150 Hz, with a median limit of 17 Mpc. For short hard GRBs we place exclusion distances on binary neutron star and neutron star-black hole progenitors, using astrophysically motivated priors on the source parameters, with median values of 16 Mpc and 28 Mpc respectively. These distance limits, while significantly larger than for a search that is not aided by GRB satellite observations, are not large enough to expect a coincidence with a GRB. However, projecting these exclusions to the sensitivities of Advanced LIGO and Virgo, which should begin operation in 2015, we find that the detection of gravitational waves associated with GRBs will become quite possible.05/2012; -
Article: Implementation and testing of the first prompt search for gravitational wave transients with electromagnetic counterparts
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ABSTRACT: Aims: A transient astrophysical event observed in both gravitational wave (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) channels would yield rich scientific rewards. A first program initiating EM follow-ups to possible transient GW events has been developed and exercised by the LIGO and Virgo community in association with several partners. In this paper, we describe and evaluate the methods used to promptly identify and localize GW event candidates and to request images of targeted sky locations. Methods: During two observing periods (Dec. 17, 2009 to Jan. 8, 2010 and Sep. 2 to Oct. 20, 2010), a low-latency analysis pipeline was used to identify GW event candidates and to reconstruct maps of possible sky locations. A catalog of nearby galaxies and Milky Way globular clusters was used to select the most promising sky positions to be imaged, and this directional information was delivered to EM observatories with time lags of about thirty minutes. A Monte Carlo simulation has been used to evaluate the low-latency GW pipeline's ability to reconstruct source positions correctly. Results: For signals near the detection threshold, our low-latency algorithms often localized simulated GW burst signals to tens of square degrees, while neutron star/neutron star inspirals and neutron star/black hole inspirals were localized to a few hundred square degrees. Localization precision improves for moderately stronger signals. The correct sky location of signals well above threshold and originating from nearby galaxies may be observed with ~50% or better probability with a few pointings of wide-field telescopes.Astronomy and Astrophysics 03/2012; 539:124. · 4.59 Impact Factor -
Article: Implementation and testing of the first prompt search for gravitational wave transients with electromagnetic counterparts
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Aims: A transient astrophysical event observed in both gravitational wave (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) channels would yield rich scientific rewards. A first program initiating EM follow-ups to possible transient GW events has been developed and exercised by the LIGO and Virgo community in association with several partners. In this paper, we describe and evaluate the methods used to promptly identify and localize GW event candidates and to request images of targeted sky locations. Methods: During two observing periods (Dec. 17, 2009 to Jan. 8, 2010 and Sep. 2 to Oct. 20, 2010), a low-latency analysis pipeline was used to identify GW event candidates and to reconstruct maps of possible sky locations. A catalog of nearby galaxies and Milky Way globular clusters was used to select the most promising sky positions to be imaged, and this directional information was delivered to EM observatories with time lags of about thirty minutes. A Monte Carlo simulation has been used to evaluate the low-latency GW pipeline's ability to reconstruct source positions correctly. Results: For signals near the detection threshold, our low-latency algorithms often localized simulated GW burst signals to tens of square degrees, while neutron star/neutron star inspirals and neutron star/black hole inspirals were localized to a few hundred square degrees. Localization precision improves for moderately stronger signals. The correct sky location of signals well above threshold and originating from nearby galaxies may be observed with ~50% or better probability with a few pointings of wide-field telescopes.Astronomy and Astrophysics 03/2012; 539:124. · 4.59 Impact Factor -
Article: All-sky search for gravitational-wave bursts in the second joint LIGO-Virgo run
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ABSTRACT: We present results from a search for gravitational-wave bursts in the data collected by the LIGO and Virgo detectors between July 7, 2009 and October 20, 2010: data are analyzed when at least two of the three LIGO-Virgo detectors are in coincident operation, with a total observation time of 207 days. The analysis searches for transients of duration < 1 s over the frequency band 64-5000 Hz, without other assumptions on the signal waveform, polarization, direction or occurrence time. All identified events are consistent with the expected accidental background. We set frequentist upper limits on the rate of gravitational-wave bursts by combining this search with the previous LIGO-Virgo search on the data collected between November 2005 and October 2007. The upper limit on the rate of strong gravitational-wave bursts at the Earth is 1.3 events per year at 90% confidence. We also present upper limits on source rate density per year and Mpc^3 for sample populations of standard-candle sources. As in the previous joint run, typical sensitivities of the search in terms of the root-sum-squared strain amplitude for these waveforms lie in the range 5 10^-22 Hz^-1/2 to 1 10^-20 Hz^-1/2. The combination of the two joint runs entails the most sensitive all-sky search for generic gravitational-wave bursts and synthesizes the results achieved by the initial generation of interferometric detectors.02/2012; -
Article: Search for Gravitational Waves from Intermediate Mass Binary Black Holes
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ABSTRACT: We present the results of a weakly modeled burst search for gravitational waves from mergers of non-spinning intermediate mass black holes (IMBH) in the total mass range 100--450 solar masses and with the component mass ratios between 1:1 and 4:1. The search was conducted on data collected by the LIGO and Virgo detectors between November of 2005 and October of 2007. No plausible signals were observed by the search which constrains the astrophysical rates of the IMBH mergers as a function of the component masses. In the most efficiently detected bin centered on 88+88 solar masses, for non-spinning sources, the rate density upper limit is 0.13 per Mpc^3 per Myr at the 90% confidence level.01/2012; -
Article: Implications For The Origin Of GRB 051103 From LIGO Observations
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ABSTRACT: We present the results of a LIGO search for gravitational waves (GWs) associated with GRB 051103, a short-duration hard-spectrum gamma-ray burst (GRB) whose electromagnetically determined sky position is coincident with the spiral galaxy M81, which is 3.6 Mpc from Earth. Possible progenitors for short-hard GRBs include compact object mergers and soft gamma repeater (SGR) giant flares. A merger progenitor would produce a characteristic GW signal that should be detectable at the distance of M81, while GW emission from an SGR is not expected to be detectable at that distance. We found no evidence of a GW signal associated with GRB 051103. Assuming weakly beamed gamma-ray emission with a jet semi-angle of 30 deg we exclude a binary neutron star merger in M81 as the progenitor with a confidence of 98%. Neutron star-black hole mergers are excluded with > 99% confidence. If the event occurred in M81 our findings support the the hypothesis that GRB 051103 was due to an SGR giant flare, making it the most distant extragalactic magnetar observed to date.01/2012; -
Article: Publisher's Note: Search for gravitational waves from binary black hole inspiral, merger, and ringdown (vol 83, 122005, 2011)
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ABSTRACT: Abadie, J. Abbott, B. P. Abbott, R. Abernathy, M. Accadia, T. Acernese, F. Adams, C. Adhikari, R. Ajith, P. Allen, B. Allen, G. S. Ceron, E. Amador Amin, R. S. Anderson, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Antonucci, F. Arain, M. A. Araya, M. C. Aronsson, M. Aso, Y. Aston, S. M. Astone, P. Atkinson, D. Aufmuth, P. Aulbert, C. Babak, S. Baker, P. Ballardin, G. Ballinger, T. Ballmer, S. Barker, D. Barnum, S. Barone, F. Barr, B. Barriga, P. Barsotti, L. Barsuglia, M. Barton, M. A. Bartos, I. Bassiri, R. Bastarrika, M. Bauchrowitz, J. Bauer, Th. S. Behnke, B. Beker, M. G. Belletoile, A. Benacquista, M. Bertolini, A. Betzwieser, J. Beveridge, N. Beyersdorf, P. T. Bilenko, I. A. Billingsley, G. Birch, J. Birindelli, S. Biswas, R. Bitossi, M. Bizouard, M. A. Black, E. Blackburn, J. K. Blackburn, L. Blair, D. Bland, B. Blom, M. Boccara, C. Bock, O. Bodiya, T. P. Bondarescu, R. Bondu, F. Bonelli, L. Bonnand, R. Bork, R. Born, M. Boschi, V. Bose, S. Bosi, L. Bouhou, B. Boyle, M. Braccini, S. Bradaschia, C. Brady, P. R. BraginPhysical Review D 01/2012; 85. · 4.56 Impact Factor -
Article: Publisher's Note: Search for gravitational waves from compact binary coalescence in LIGO and Virgo data from S5 and VSR1 (vol 82, 102001, 2010)
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ABSTRACT: Abadie, J. Abbott, B. P. Abbott, R. Abernathy, M. Accadia, T. Acernese, F. Adams, C. Adhikari, R. Ajith, P. Allen, B. Allen, G. Ceron, E. Amador Amin, R. S. Anderson, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Antonucci, F. Arain, M. A. Araya, M. Aronsson, M. Arun, K. G. Aso, Y. Aston, S. Astone, P. Atkinson, D. E. Aufmuth, P. Aulbert, C. Babak, S. Baker, P. Ballardin, G. Ballinger, T. Ballmer, S. Barker, D. Barnum, S. Barone, F. Barr, B. Barriga, P. Barsotti, L. Barsuglia, M. Barton, M. A. Bartos, I. Bassiri, R. Bastarrika, M. Bauchrowitz, J. Bauer, Th. S. Behnke, B. Beker, M. G. Belletoile, A. Benacquista, M. Bertolini, A. Betzwieser, J. Beveridge, N. Beyersdorf, P. T. Bigotta, S. Bilenko, I. A. Billingsley, G. Birch, J. Birindelli, S. Biswas, R. Bitossi, M. Bizouard, M. A. Black, E. Blackburn, J. K. Blackburn, L. Blair, D. Bland, B. Blom, M. Boccara, C. Bock, O. Bodiya, T. P. Bondarescu, R. Bondu, F. Bonelli, L. Bonnand, R. Bork, R. Born, M. Bose, S. Bosi, L. Bouhou, B. Boyle, M. Braccini, S. Bradaschia, C. Brady, P. R.Physical Review D 01/2012; 85. · 4.56 Impact Factor -
Article: Publisher's Note: Search for gravitational waves from compact binary coalescence in LIGO and Virgo data from S5 and VSR1 (vol 82, 102001, 2010)
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ABSTRACT: Abadie, J. Abbott, B. P. Abbott, R. Abernathy, M. Accadia, T. Acernese, F. Adams, C. Adhikari, R. Ajith, P. Allen, B. Allen, G. Ceron, E. Amador Amin, R. S. Anderson, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Antonucci, F. Arain, M. A. Araya, M. Aronsson, M. Arun, K. G. Aso, Y. Aston, S. Astone, P. Atkinson, D. E. Aufmuth, P. Aulbert, C. Babak, S. Baker, P. Ballardin, G. Ballinger, T. Ballmer, S. Barker, D. Barnum, S. Barone, F. Barr, B. Barriga, P. Barsotti, L. Barsuglia, M. Barton, M. A. Bartos, I. Bassiri, R. Bastarrika, M. Bauchrowitz, J. Bauer, Th. S. Behnke, B. Beker, M. G. Belletoile, A. Benacquista, M. Bertolini, A. Betzwieser, J. Beveridge, N. Beyersdorf, P. T. Bigotta, S. Bilenko, I. A. Billingsley, G. Birch, J. Birindelli, S. Biswas, R. Bitossi, M. Bizouard, M. A. Black, E. Blackburn, J. K. Blackburn, L. Blair, D. Bland, B. Blom, M. Boccara, C. Bock, O. Bodiya, T. P. Bondarescu, R. Bondu, F. Bonelli, L. Bonnand, R. Bork, R. Born, M. Bose, S. Bosi, L. Bouhou, B. Boyle, M. Braccini, S. Bradaschia, C. Brady, P. R.Physical Review D 01/2012; 85. · 4.56 Impact Factor -
Article: Directional limits on persistent gravitational waves using LIGO S5 science data.
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ABSTRACT: The gravitational-wave (GW) sky may include nearby pointlike sources as well as stochastic backgrounds. We perform two directional searches for persistent GWs using data from the LIGO S5 science run: one optimized for pointlike sources and one for arbitrary extended sources. Finding no evidence to support the detection of GWs, we present 90% confidence level (C.L.) upper-limit maps of GW strain power with typical values between 2-20×10(-50) strain(2) Hz(-1) and 5-35×10(-49) strain(2) Hz(-1) sr(-1) for pointlike and extended sources, respectively. The latter result is the first of its kind. We also set 90% C.L. limits on the narrow-band root-mean-square GW strain from interesting targets including Sco X-1, SN 1987A and the Galactic center as low as ≈7×10(-25) in the most sensitive frequency range near 160 Hz.Physical Review Letters 12/2011; 107(27):271102. · 7.37 Impact Factor -
Article: Upper limits on a stochastic gravitational-wave background using LIGO and Virgo interferometers at 600-1000 Hz
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ABSTRACT: A stochastic background of gravitational waves is expected to arise from a superposition of many incoherent sources of gravitational waves, of either cosmological or astrophysical origin. This background is a target for the current generation of ground-based detectors. In this article we present the first joint search for a stochastic background using data from the LIGO and Virgo interferometers. In a frequency band of 600-1000 Hz, we obtained a 95% upper limit on the amplitude of $\Omega_{\rm GW}(f) = \Omega_3 (f/900 \mathrm{Hz})^3$, of $\Omega_3 < 0.33$, assuming a value of the Hubble parameter of $h_{100}=0.72$. These new limits are a factor of seven better than the previous best in this frequency band.12/2011; -
Article: Search for Gravitational Waves from Low Mass Compact Binary Coalescence in LIGO's Sixth Science Run and Virgo's Science Runs 2 and 3
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ABSTRACT: We report on a search for gravitational waves from coalescing compact binaries using LIGO and Virgo observations between July 7, 2009 and October 20, 2010. We searched for signals from binaries with total mass between 2 and 25 solar masses; this includes binary neutron stars, binary black holes, and binaries consisting of a black hole and neutron star. The detectors were sensitive to systems up to 40 Mpc distant for binary neutron stars, and further for higher mass systems. No gravitational-wave signals were detected. We report upper limits on the rate of compact binary coalescence as a function of total mass, including the results from previous LIGO and Virgo observations. The cumulative 90%-confidence rate upper limits of the binary coalescence of binary neutron star, neutron star- black hole and binary black hole systems are 1.3 x 10^{-4}, 3.1 x 10^{-5} and 6.4 x 10^{-6} Mpc^{-3}yr^{-1}, respectively. These upper limits are up to a factor 1.4 lower than previously derived limits. We also report on results from a blind injection challenge.11/2011; -
Article: All-sky Search for Periodic Gravitational Waves in the Full S5 LIGO Data
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ABSTRACT: We report on an all-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency band 50-800 Hz and with the frequency time derivative in the range of 0 through -6×10-9Hz/s. Such a signal could be produced by a nearby spinning and slightly nonaxisymmetric isolated neutron star in our Galaxy. After recent improvements in the search program that yielded a 10× increase in computational efficiency, we have searched in two years of data collected during LIGO’s fifth science run and have obtained the most sensitive all-sky upper limits on gravitational-wave strain to date. Near 150 Hz our upper limit on worst-case linearly polarized strain amplitude h0 is 1×10-24, while at the high end of our frequency range we achieve a worst-case upper limit of 3.8×10-24 for all polarizations and sky locations. These results constitute a factor of 2 improvement upon previously published data. A new detection pipeline utilizing a loosely coherent algorithm was able to follow up weaker outliers, increasing the volume of space where signals can be detected by a factor of 10, but has not revealed any gravitational-wave signals. The pipeline has been tested for robustness with respect to deviations from the model of an isolated neutron star, such as caused by a low-mass or long-period binary companion.Physical Review D 10/2011; 85(2):022001. · 4.56 Impact Factor -
Article: Implementation and testing of the first prompt search for gravitational wave transients with electromagnetic counterparts
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ABSTRACT: Aims. A transient astrophysical event observed in both gravitational wave (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) channels would yield rich scientific rewards. A first program initiating EM follow-ups to possible transient GW events has been developed and exercised by the LIGO and Virgo community in association with several partners. In this paper, we describe and evaluate the methods used to promptly identify and localize GW event candidates and to request images of targeted sky locations. Methods. During two observing periods (Dec 17 2009 to Jan 8 2010 and Sep 2 to Oct 20 2010), a low-latency analysis pipeline was used to identify GW event candidates and to reconstruct maps of possible sky locations. A catalog of nearby galaxies and Milky Way globular clusters was used to select the most promising sky positions to be imaged, and this directional information was delivered to EM observatories with time lags of about thirty minutes. A Monte Carlo simulation has been used to evaluate the low-latency GW pipeline's ability to reconstruct source positions correctly. Results. For signals near the detection threshold, our low-latency algorithms often localized simulated GW burst signals to tens of square degrees, while neutron star/neutron star inspirals and neutron star/black hole inspirals were localized to a few hundred square degrees. Localization precision improves for moderately stronger signals. The correct sky location of signals well above threshold and originating from nearby galaxies may be observed with ~50% or better probability with a few pointings of wide-field telescopes.09/2011; -
Article: Beating the Spin-down Limit on Gravitational Wave Emission from the Vela Pulsar
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ABSTRACT: We present direct upper limits on continuous gravitational wave emission from the Vela pulsar using data from the Virgo detector's second science run. These upper limits have been obtained using three independent methods that assume the gravitational wave emission follows the radio timing. Two of the methods produce frequentist upper limits for an assumed known orientation of the star's spin axis and value of the wave polarization angle of, respectively, 1.9 × 10–24 and 2.2 × 10–24, with 95% confidence. The third method, under the same hypothesis, produces a Bayesian upper limit of 2.1 × 10^–24, with 95% degree of belief. These limits are below the indirect spin-down limit of 3.3 × 10^–24 for the Vela pulsar, defined by the energy loss rate inferred from observed decrease in Vela's spin frequency, and correspond to a limit on the star ellipticity of ~10^–3. Slightly less stringent results, but still well below the spin-down limit, are obtained assuming the star's spin axis inclination and the wave polarization angles are unknown.The Astrophysical Journal 08/2011; 737(2):93. · 6.02 Impact Factor -
Article: Search for Gravitational Wave Bursts from Six Magnetars
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ABSTRACT: Soft gamma repeaters (SGRs) and anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) are thought to be magnetars: neutron stars powered by extreme magnetic fields. These rare objects are characterized by repeated and sometimes spectacular gamma-ray bursts. The burst mechanism might involve crustal fractures and excitation of non-radial modes which would emit gravitational waves (GWs). We present the results of a search for GW bursts from six galactic magnetars that is sensitive to neutron star f-modes, thought to be the most efficient GW emitting oscillatory modes in compact stars. One of them, SGR 0501+4516, is likely ~1 kpc from Earth, an order of magnitude closer than magnetars targeted in previous GW searches. A second, AXP 1E 1547.0–5408, gave a burst with an estimated isotropic energy >1044 erg which is comparable to the giant flares. We find no evidence of GWs associated with a sample of 1279 electromagnetic triggers from six magnetars occurring between 2006 November and 2009 June, in GW data from the LIGO, Virgo, and GEO600 detectors. Our lowest model-dependent GW emission energy upper limits for band- and time-limited white noise bursts in the detector sensitive band, and for f-mode ringdowns (at 1090 Hz), are 3.0 × 1044 d 2 1 erg and 1.4 × 1047 d 2 1 erg, respectively, where and d 0501 is the distance to SGR 0501+4516. These limits on GW emission from f-modes are an order of magnitude lower than any previous, and approach the range of electromagnetic energies seen in SGR giant flares for the first time.The Astrophysical Journal Letters 05/2011; 734(2):L35. · 5.53 Impact Factor -
Conference Proceeding: Identification, characterization, and implications of shadow degradation in thin film solar cells
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ABSTRACT: We describe a comprehensive study of intrinsic reliability issue arising from partial shadowing of photovoltaic panels (e.g., a leaf fallen on it, a nearby tree casting a shadow, etc.). This can cause the shaded cells to be reverse biased, causing dark current degradation. In this paper, (1) we calculate the statistical distribution of reverse bias stress arising from various shading configurations, (2) identify the components of dark current, and provide a scheme to isolate them, (3) characterize the effect of reverse stress on the dark current of a-Si:H p-i-n cells, and (4) finally, combine these features of degradation process with shadowing statistics, to project `shadow-degradation' (SD) over the operating lifetime of solar cells. Our results establish shadow degradation as an important intrinsic reliability concern for thin film solar cell.Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS), 2011 IEEE International; 05/2011 -
Article: Beating the spin-down limit on gravitational wave emission from the Vela pulsar
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ABSTRACT: We present direct upper limits on continuous gravitational wave emission from the Vela pulsar using data from the Virgo detector's second science run. These upper limits have been obtained using three independent methods that assume the gravitational wave emission follows the radio timing. Two of the methods produce frequentist upper limits for an assumed known orientation of the star's spin axis and value of the wave polarization angle of, respectively, $1.9\ee{-24}$ and $2.2\ee{-24}$, with 95% confidence. The third method, under the same hypothesis, produces a Bayesian upper limit of $2.1\ee{-24}$, with 95% degree of belief. These limits are below the indirect {\it spin-down limit} of $3.3\ee{-24}$ for the Vela pulsar, defined by the energy loss rate inferred from observed decrease in Vela's spin frequency, and correspond to a limit on the star ellipticity of $\sim 10^{-3}$. Slightly less stringent results, but still well below the spin-down limit, are obtained assuming the star's spin axis inclination and the wave polarization angles are unknown.04/2011; -
Article: Search for gravitational waves from binary black hole inspiral, merger and ringdown
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ABSTRACT: We present the first modeled search for gravitational waves using the complete binary black hole gravitational waveform from inspiral through the merger and ringdown for binaries with negligible component spin. We searched approximately 2 years of LIGO data taken between November 2005 and September 2007 for systems with component masses of 1-99 solar masses and total masses of 25-100 solar masses. We did not detect any plausible gravitational-wave signals but we do place upper limits on the merger rate of binary black holes as a function of the component masses in this range. We constrain the rate of mergers for binary black hole systems with component masses between 19 and 28 solar masses and negligible spin to be no more than 2.0 per Mpc^3 per Myr at 90% confidence.02/2011;
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2011
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California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, CA, USA
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2010–2011
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Purdue University
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
West Lafayette, IN, USA
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2009–2011
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University of Texas at Austin
Port Aransas, TX, USA -
Universität Ulm
- Institute of Measurement, Control, and Microtechnology
Ulm, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
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2004
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Universität Hohenheim
- Institute of Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics
Stuttgart, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
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1993
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University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago, IL, USA
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