-
D. S. Akerib,
X. Bai,
S. Bedikian,
E. Bernard,
A. Bernstein,
A. Bolozdynya,
A. Bradley,
D. Byram,
S. B. Cahn,
C. Camp, [......],
J. R. Verbus,
N. Walsh,
R. Webb,
D. White,
J. T. White,
T. J. Whitis,
M. Wlasenko,
F. L. H. Wolfs,
M. Woods,
C. Zhang
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) collaboration has designed and constructed
a dual-phase xenon detector, in order to conduct a search for Weakly
Interacting Massive Particles(WIMPs), a leading dark matter candidate. The goal
of the LUX detector is to clearly detect (or exclude) WIMPS with a spin
independent cross section per nucleon of $2\times 10^{-46}$ cm$^{2}$,
equivalent to $\sim$1 event/100 kg/month in the inner 100-kg fiducial volume
(FV) of the 370-kg detector. The overall background goals are set to have $<$1
background events characterized as possible WIMPs in the FV in 300 days of
running.
This paper describes the design and construction of the LUX detector.
11/2012;
-
LUX Collaboration,
D. S. Akerib,
X. Bai,
E. Bernard,
A. Bernstein,
A. Bradley,
D. Byram,
S. B. Cahn,
M. C. Carmona-Benitez,
J. J. Chapman, [......],
S. Uvarov,
J. R. Verbus,
L. de Viveiros,
N. Walsh,
R. Webb,
J. T. White,
M. Wlasenko,
F. L. H. Wolfs,
M. Woods,
C. Zhang
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We present the results of the three-month above-ground commissioning run of
the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment at the Sanford Underground
Research Facility located in Lead, South Dakota, USA. LUX is a 370 kg liquid
xenon detector that will search for cold dark matter in the form of Weakly
Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). The commissioning run, conducted with
the detector immersed in a water tank, validated the integration of the various
sub-systems in preparation of the underground deployment. Using the data
collected, we report excellent light collection properties, achieving 8.4
photoelectrons per keV for 662 keV electron recoils without an applied electric
field, measured in the center of the WIMP target. We also find good energy and
position resolution in relatively high-energy interactions from a variety of
internal and external sources. Finally, we have used the commissioning data to
tune the optical properties of our simulation and report updated sensitivity
projections for spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering.
10/2012;
-
D. S. Akerib,
X. Bai,
S. Bedikian,
A. Bernstein,
A. Bolozdynya,
A. Bradley,
S. Cahn,
D. Carr,
J. J. Chapman,
K. Clark, [......],
R. Svoboda,
M. Sweany,
J. Thomson,
M. Tripathi,
N. Walsh,
R. Webb,
J. White,
F. L. H. Wolfs,
M. Woods,
C. Zhang
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The LUX (Large Underground Xenon) detector is a two-phase xenon Time
Projection Chamber (TPC) designed to search for WIMP-nucleon dark matter
interactions. As with all noble element detectors, continuous purification of
the detector medium is essential to produce a large ($>$1ms) electron lifetime;
this is necessary for efficient measurement of the electron signal which in
turn is essential for achieving robust discrimination of signal from background
events. In this paper we describe the development of a novel purification
system deployed in a prototype detector. The results from the operation of this
prototype indicated heat exchange with an efficiency above 94% up to a flow
rate of 42 slpm, allowing for an electron drift length greater than 1 meter to
be achieved in approximately two days and sustained for the duration of the
testing period.
07/2012;
-
D. S. Akerib,
X. Bai,
E. Bernard,
A. Bernstein,
A. Bradley,
D. Byram,
S. B. Cahn,
M. C. Carmona-Benitez,
D. Carr,
J. J. Chapman, [......],
M. Tripathi,
S. Uvarov,
J. R. Verbus,
N. Walsh,
R. Webb,
J. T. White,
M. Wlasenko,
F. L. H. Wolfs,
M. Woods,
C. Zhang
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Results are presented from radioactivity screening of two models of
photomultiplier tubes designed for use in current and future liquid xenon
experiments. The Hamamatsu 5.6 cm diameter R8778 PMT, used in the LUX dark
matter experiment, has yielded a positive detection of four common radioactive
isotopes: 238U, 232Th, 40K, and 60Co. Screening of LUX materials has rendered
backgrounds from other detector materials subdominant to the R8778
contribution. A prototype Hamamatsu 7.6 cm diameter R11410 MOD PMT has also
been screened, with benchmark isotope counts measured at <0.4 238 U / <0.3 232
Th / <8.3 40 K / 2.0+-0.2 60 Co mBq/PMT. This represents a large reduction,
equal to a change of \times 1/24 238U / \times 1/9 232Th / \times 1/8 40K per
PMT, between R8778 and R11410 MOD, concurrent with a doubling of the
photocathode surface area (4.5 cm to 6.4 cm diameter). 60Co measurements are
comparable between the PMTs, but can be significantly reduced in future R11410
MOD units through further material selection. Assuming PMT activity equal to
the measured 90% upper limits, Monte Carlo estimates indicate that replacement
of R8778 PMTs with R11410 MOD PMTs will change LUX PMT electron recoil
background contributions by a factor of \times1/25 after further material
selection for 60Co reduction, and nuclear recoil backgrounds by a factor of
\times 1/36. The strong reduction in backgrounds below the measured R8778
levels makes the R11410 MOD a very competitive technology for use in
large-scale liquid xenon detectors.
05/2012;
-
D. S. Akerib,
X. Bai,
S. Bedikian,
E. Bernard,
A. Bernstein,
A. Bradley,
S. B. Cahn,
M. C. Carmona-Benitez,
D. Carr,
J. J. Chapman, [......],
M. Tripathi,
J. R. Verbus,
N. Walsh,
R. Webb,
J. T. White,
M. Wlasenko,
F. L. H. Wolfs,
M. Woods,
S. Uvarov,
C. Zhang
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We report on the screening of samples of titanium metal for their
radio-purity. The screening process described in this work led to the selection
of materials used in the construction of the cryostats for the Large
Underground Xenon (LUX) dark matter experiment. Our measurements establish
titanium as a highly desirable material for low background experiments
searching for rare events. The sample with the lowest total long-lived activity
was measured to contain <0.25 mBq/kg of U-238, <0.2 mBq/kg of Th-232, and <1.2
mBq/kg of K-40. Measurements of several samples also indicated the presence of
short-lived (84 day half life) Sc-46, likely produced cosmogenically via muon
initiated (n,p) reactions.
12/2011;
-
D. S. Akerib,
X Bai,
S. Bedikian,
E. Bernard,
A Bernstein,
A Bradley,
S. B. Cahn,
M. C. Carmona-Benitez,
D. Carr,
J. J. Chapman, [......],
J. Thomson,
M Tripathi,
J. R. Verbus,
N. Walsh,
R Webb,
J.T. White,
M. Wlasenko,
F. L. H. Wolfs,
M Woods,
C Zhang
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Geant4 has been used throughout the nuclear and high-energy physics community
to simulate energy depositions in various detectors and materials. These
simulations have mostly been run with a source beam outside the detector. In
the case of low-background physics, however, a primary concern is the effect on
the detector from radioactivity inherent in the detector parts themselves. From
this standpoint, there is no single source or beam, but rather a collection of
sources with potentially complicated spatial extent. LUXSim is a simulation
framework used by the LUX collaboration that takes a component-centric approach
to event generation and recording. A new set of classes allows for multiple
radioactive sources to be set within any number of components at run time, with
the entire collection of sources handled within a single simulation run.
Various levels of information can also be recorded from the individual
components, with these record levels also being set at runtime. This
flexibility in both source generation and information recording is possible
without the need to recompile, reducing the complexity of code management and
the proliferation of versions. Within the code itself, casting geometry objects
within this new set of classes rather than as the default Geant4 classes
automatically extends this flexibility to every individual component. No
additional work is required on the part of the developer, reducing development
time and increasing confidence in the results. We describe the guiding
principles behind LUXSim, detail some of its unique classes and methods, and
give examples of usage.
* Corresponding author, kareem@llnl.gov
11/2011;
-
D. C. Malling,
D. S. Akerib,
H. M. Araujo,
X Bai,
S. Bedikian,
E. Bernard,
A Bernstein,
A Bradley,
S. B. Cahn,
M. C. Carmona-Benitez, [......],
J. Thomson,
M Tripathi,
J. R. Verbus,
N. Walsh,
R Webb,
J.T. White,
M. Wlasenko,
F. L. H. Wolfs,
M Woods,
C Zhang
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The LZ program consists of two stages of direct dark matter searches using
liquid Xe detectors. The first stage will be a 1.5-3 tonne detector, while the
last stage will be a 20 tonne detector. Both devices will benefit tremendously
from research and development performed for the LUX experiment, a 350 kg liquid
Xe dark matter detector currently operating at the Sanford Underground
Laboratory. In particular, the technology used for cryogenics and electrical
feedthroughs, circulation and purification, low-background materials and
shielding techniques, electronics, calibrations, and automated control and
recovery systems are all directly scalable from LUX to the LZ detectors.
Extensive searches for potential background sources have been performed, with
an emphasis on previously undiscovered background sources that may have a
significant impact on tonne-scale detectors. The LZ detectors will probe
spin-independent interaction cross sections as low as 5E-49 cm2 for 100 GeV
WIMPs, which represents the ultimate limit for dark matter detection with
liquid xenon technology.
10/2011;
-
D. S. Akerib,
X Bai,
S. Bedikian,
E. Bernard,
A Bernstein,
A Bradley,
S. B. Cahn,
M. C. Carmona-Benitez,
D. Carr,
J. J. Chapman, [......],
J. Thomson,
M Tripathi,
J. R. Verbus,
N. Walsh,
R Webb,
J.T. White,
M. Wlasenko,
F. L. H. Wolfs,
M Woods,
C Zhang
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: LUX is a two-phase (liquid/gas) xenon time projection chamber designed to
detect nuclear recoils from interactions with dark matter particles. Signals
from the LUX detector are processed by custom-built analog electronics which
provide properly shaped signals for the trigger and data acquisition (DAQ)
systems. The DAQ is comprised of commercial digitizers with firmware customized
for the LUX experiment. Data acquisition systems in rare-event searches must
accommodate high rate and large dynamic range during precision calibrations
involving radioactive sources, while also delivering low threshold for maximum
sensitivity. The LUX DAQ meets these challenges using real-time baseline sup-
pression that allows for a maximum event acquisition rate in excess of 1.5 kHz
with virtually no deadtime. This paper describes the LUX DAQ and the novel
acquisition techniques employed in the LUX experiment.
08/2011;
-
J Angle,
E Aprile,
F Arneodo,
L Baudis,
A Bernstein,
A I Bolozdynya,
L C C Coelho,
C E Dahl,
L DeViveiros,
A D Ferella, [......],
J Orboeck,
G Plante,
R Santorelli,
J M F dos Santos,
S Schulte,
P Shagin,
T Shutt,
P Sorensen,
C Winant,
M Yamashita
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We report results of a search for light (≲10 GeV) particle dark matter with the XENON10 detector. The event trigger was sensitive to a single electron, with the analysis threshold of 5 electrons corresponding to 1.4 keV nuclear recoil energy. Considering spin-independent dark matter-nucleon scattering, we exclude cross sections σ(n)>7×10(-42) cm(2), for a dark matter particle mass m(χ)=7 GeV. We find that our data strongly constrain recent elastic dark matter interpretations of excess low-energy events observed by CoGeNT and CRESST-II, as well as the DAMA annual modulation signal.
Physical Review Letters 07/2011; 107(5):051301. · 7.37 Impact Factor
-
P. Sorensen,
J. Angle,
E. Aprile,
F. Arneodo,
L. Baudis,
A Bernstein,
A. Bolozdynya,
P. Brusov,
L. C. C. Coelho,
C. E. Dahl, [......],
U. Oberlack,
J. Orboeck,
G. Plante,
R. Santorelli,
J.M.F. dos Santos,
P. Shagin,
T. Shutt,
S Schulte,
C. Winant,
M Yamashita
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We show that the energy threshold for nuclear recoils in the XENON10 dark matter search data can be lowered to ~1 keV, by using only the ionization signal. In other words, we make no requirement that a valid event contain a primary scintillation signal. We therefore relinquish incident particle type discrimination, which is based on the ratio of ionization to scintillation in liquid xenon. This method compromises the detector's ability to precisely determine the z coordinate of a particle interaction. However, we show for the first time that it is possible to discriminate bulk events from surface events based solely on the ionization signal. Comment: Conference proceedings from the Identification of Dark Matter 2010, Montpellier, France. To be published by SISSA as PoS(IDM2010)017
11/2010;
-
CDMS Collaboration,
D. S. Akerib,
M J Attisha,
L. Baudis,
D. A. Bauer,
A. I. Bolozdynya,
P. L. Brink,
R. Bunker,
B. Cabrera,
D O Caldwell, [......],
B Sadoulet,
J. Sander,
C Savage,
R. W. Schnee,
D. N. Seitz,
T. A. Shutt,
G Wang,
S Yellin,
J Yoo,
B. A. Young
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Data taken during the final shallow-site run of the first tower of the
Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) detectors have been reanalyzed with
improved sensitivity to small energy depositions. Four ~224 g germanium and two
~105 g silicon detectors were operated at the Stanford Underground Facility
(SUF) between December 2001 and June 2002, yielding 118 live days of raw
exposure. Three of the germanium and both silicon detectors were analyzed with
a new low-threshold technique, making it possible to lower the germanium and
silicon analysis thresholds down to the actual trigger thresholds of ~1 keV and
~2 keV, respectively. Limits on the spin-independent cross section for weakly
interacting massive particles (WIMPs) to elastically scatter from nuclei based
on these data exclude interesting parameter space for WIMPs with masses below 9
GeV/c^2. Under standard halo assumptions, these data partially exclude
parameter space favored by interpretations of the DAMA/LIBRA and CoGeNT
experiments' data as WIMP signals, and exclude new parameter space for WIMP
masses between 3 GeV/c^2 and 4 GeV/c^2.
10/2010;
-
E. Aprile,
J. Angle,
F. Arneodo,
L. Baudis,
A Bernstein,
A. Bolozdynya,
P. Brusov,
L. C. C. Coelho,
C. E. Dahl,
L. DeViveiros, [......],
G. Plante,
R. Santorelli,
J.M.F. dos Santos,
P. Shagin,
T. Shutt,
P. Sorensen,
S Schulte,
E. Tatananni,
C. Winant,
M Yamashita
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: XENON10 is the first two-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC) developed
within the XENON dark matter search program. The TPC, with an active liquid
xenon (LXe) mass of about 14 kg, was installed at the Gran Sasso underground
laboratory (LNGS) in Italy, and operated for more than one year, with excellent
stability and performance. Results from a dark matter search with XENON10 have
been published elsewhere. In this paper, we summarize the design and
performance of the detector and its subsystems, based on calibration data using
sources of gamma-rays and neutrons as well as background and Monte Carlo
simulations data. The results on the detector's energy threshold, energy and
position resolution, and overall efficiency show a performance that exceeds
design specifications, in view of the very low energy threshold achieved (<10
keVr) and the excellent energy resolution achieved by combining the ionization
and scintillation signals, detected simultaneously.
01/2010;
-
J. Angle,
E. Aprile,
F. Arneodo,
L. Baudis,
A. Bernstein,
A. Bolozdynya,
L. C. C. Coelho,
C. E. Dahl,
L. DeViveiros,
A. D. Ferella, [......],
J. Orboeck,
G. Plante,
R. Santorelli,
J. M. F. dos Santos,
P. Shagin,
T. Shutt,
P. Sorensen,
S. Schulte,
C. Winant,
M. Yamashita
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: It has been suggested that dark matter particles which scatter inelastically from detector target nuclei could explain the apparent incompatibility of the DAMA modulation signal (interpreted as evidence for particle dark matter) with the null results from CDMS-II and XENON10. Among the predictions of inelastically interacting dark matter are a suppression of low-energy events, and a population of nuclear recoil events at higher nuclear recoil equivalent energies. This is in stark contrast to the well-known expectation of a falling exponential spectrum for the case of elastic interactions. We present a new analysis of XENON10 dark matter search data extending to Enr=75 keV nuclear recoil equivalent energy. Our results exclude a significant region of previously allowed parameter space in the model of inelastically interacting dark matter. In particular, it is found that dark matter particle masses mχ≳150 GeV are disfavored.
Phys. Rev. D. 12/2009; 80(11).
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This whitepaper is the result of discussions and presentations initiated at the DUSEL Town Meeting held in Washington in November 2007. The essential elements of this report are: - The quest to detect dark matter is a science goal of the very highest priority, and is flagship science for DUSEL. - The dark matter community presents here a Roadmap for a set of proposals for the Initial Suite of Experiments. The science goals will be reached in two phases of experiments, at the 4850 and 7400 ft levels, respectively. - The US is currently the world leader in the search for WIMP dark matter. Constructing DUSEL will ensure that the US will continue its leading role and attract international collaborators to DUSEL.
03/2009;
-
Z Ahmed,
D S Akerib,
S Arrenberg,
M J Attisha,
C N Bailey,
L Baudis,
D A Bauer,
J Beaty,
P L Brink,
T Bruch, [......],
D N Seitz,
B Serfass,
A Sirois,
K M Sundqvist,
M Tarka,
A Tomada,
G Wang,
S Yellin,
J Yoo,
B A Young
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We report results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search at the Soudan Underground Laboratory (CDMS II) featuring the full complement of 30 detectors. A blind analysis of data taken between October 2006 and July 2007 sets an upper limit on the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) nucleon spin-independent cross section of 6.6x10;{-44} cm;{2} (4.6x10;{-44} cm;{2} when combined with previous CDMS II data) at the 90% confidence level for a WIMP mass of 60 GeV/c;{2}. This achieves the best sensitivity for dark matter WIMPs with masses above 44 GeV/c;{2}, and significantly restricts the parameter space for some favored supersymmetric models.
Physical Review Letters 02/2009; 102(1):011301. · 7.37 Impact Factor
-
J Angle,
E Aprile,
F Arneodo,
L Baudis,
A Bernstein,
A Bolozdynya,
L C C Coelho,
C E Dahl,
L DeViveiros,
A D Ferella, [......],
J Orboeck,
G Plante,
R Santorelli,
J M F dos Santos,
P Shagin,
T Shutt,
P Sorensen,
S Schulte,
C Winant,
M Yamashita
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: XENON10 is an experiment to directly detect weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), which may comprise the bulk of the nonbaryonic dark matter in our Universe. We report new results for spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon interactions with 129Xe and 131Xe from 58.6 live days of operation at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. Based on the nonobservation of a WIMP signal in 5.4 kg of fiducial liquid xenon mass, we exclude previously unexplored regions in the theoretically allowed parameter space for neutralinos. We also exclude a heavy Majorana neutrino with a mass in the range of approximately 10 GeV/c2-2 TeV/c2 as a dark matter candidate under standard assumptions for its density and distribution in the galactic halo.
Physical Review Letters 09/2008; 101(9):091301. · 7.37 Impact Factor
-
P. Sorensen,
A. Manzur,
C. E. Dahl,
J. Angle,
E. Aprile,
F. Arneodo,
L. Baudis,
A Bernstein,
A. Bolozdynya,
P. Brusov, [......],
J. Orboeck,
G. Plante,
R. Santorelli,
J.M.F. dos Santos,
P. Shagin,
T. Shutt,
S Schulte,
C. Winant,
M Yamashita,
for the XENON10 Collaboration
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: XENON10 is an experiment designed to directly detect particle dark matter. It is a dual phase (liquid/gas) xenon time-projection chamber with 3D position imaging. Particle interactions generate a primary scintillation signal (S1) and ionization signal (S2), which are both functions of the deposited recoil energy and the incident particle type. We present a new precision measurement of the relative scintillation yield \leff and the absolute ionization yield Q_y, for nuclear recoils in xenon. A dark matter particle is expected to deposit energy by scattering from a xenon nucleus. Knowledge of \leff is therefore crucial for establishing the energy threshold of the experiment; this in turn determines the sensitivity to particle dark matter. Our \leff measurement is in agreement with recent theoretical predictions above 15 keV nuclear recoil energy, and the energy threshold of the measurement is 4 keV. A knowledge of the ionization yield \Qy is necessary to establish the trigger threshold of the experiment. The ionization yield \Qy is measured in two ways, both in agreement with previous measurements and with a factor of 10 lower energy threshold. Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures. To be published in Nucl. Instrum. Methods A
07/2008;
-
Z. Ahmed,
D. S. Akerib,
M. J. Attisha,
C. N. Bailey,
L. Baudis,
D. A. Bauer,
P. L. Brink,
P. P. Brusov,
R. Bunker,
B. Cabrera, [......],
J. Sander,
R. W. Schnee,
D. N. Seitz,
B. Serfass,
K. M. Sundqvist,
J.-P. F. Thompson,
G. Wang,
S. Yellin,
J. Yoo,
B. A. Young
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search experiment (CDMS) is using Phonon+ Ionization detectors to search for Dark Matter in the
form of Weakly Interactive Massive Particles (WIMPs). We report the current status of the experiment and its perspective to
achieve the sensitivity goal of the cross section: σ
WIMP-nucleon∼1×10−44cm2 (Spin independent).
Journal of Low Temperature Physics 04/2008; 151(3):800-805. · 1.19 Impact Factor
-
J Angle,
E Aprile,
F Arneodo,
L Baudis,
A Bernstein,
A Bolozdynya,
P Brusov,
L C C Coelho,
C E Dahl,
L DeViveiros, [......],
J Orboeck,
G Plante,
R Santorelli,
J M F dos Santos,
P Shagin,
T Shutt,
P Sorensen,
S Schulte,
C Winant,
M Yamashita
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The XENON10 experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory uses a 15 kg xenon dual phase time projection chamber to search for dark matter weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). The detector measures simultaneously the scintillation and the ionization produced by radiation in pure liquid xenon to discriminate signal from background down to 4.5 keV nuclear-recoil energy. A blind analysis of 58.6 live days of data, acquired between October 6, 2006, and February 14, 2007, and using a fiducial mass of 5.4 kg, excludes previously unexplored parameter space, setting a new 90% C.L. upper limit for the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section of 8.8x10(-44) cm2 for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c2, and 4.5x10(-44) cm2 for a WIMP mass of 30 GeV/c2. This result further constrains predictions of supersymmetric models.
Physical Review Letters 02/2008; 100(2):021303. · 7.37 Impact Factor
-
D S Akerib,
P D Barnes,
P L Brink,
B Cabrera,
R M Clarke, R J Gaitskell,
S R Golwala,
M E Huber,
M Kurylowicz,
V Mandic, [......],
M Perillo-Isaac,
T Saab,
B Sadoulet,
R W Schnee,
D N Seitz,
T Shutt,
G W Smith,
W K Stockwell,
K M Sundqvist,
S White
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) experiment employs ultra-cold solid-state detectors to search for rare events resulting from WIMP-nucleus scattering. An innovative detector packaging and readout system has been developed to meet the unusual combination of requirements for: low temperature, low radioactivity, low energy threshold, and large channel count. Features include use of materials with low radioactivity such as multi-layer KAPTON laminates for circuit boards; immunity to microphonic noise via a vacuum coaxial wiring design, manufacturability, and modularity. The detector readout design had to accommodate various electronic components which have to be operated in close proximity to the detector as well maintaining separate individual temperatures (ranging from 600 mK to 150 K) in order to achieve optimal noise performance. The paper will describe the general electrical, thermal, and mechanical designs of the CDMS readout system, as well as presenting the theoretical and measured performance of the detector readout channels.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A. 01/2008; 5916020(95).
