P. Vainikainen

Publications (2)0.96 Total impact

• Source

  Available from: A.A.H. Azremi

  Article: Multi-antenna mobile terminal diversity performance in proximity to human hands under different propagation environment conditions

  A.A.H. Azremi, V. Papamichael, P. Vainikainen
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  ABSTRACT: The effective diversity gain (EDG) of a four-element planar inverted-F antenna array, which operates at 3500 MHz in the proximity to one hand in data-mode grip and two hands in browsing-mode grip, is predicted using a recently developed hybrid stochastic-electromagnetic methodology. The dependency of the EDG results on the distorted radiation patterns due to the hands and on the cross-polarisation power ratio and incident wave parameters of the propagation environment is demonstrated. The results indicate that the generalised selection combining technique, i.e. by using only the best two out of four antenna elements at every channel realisation, achieves 2 dB higher EDG than the selection combining and only 1 dB less than the maximal ratio combining techniques.
  Electronics Letters 11/2011; · 0.96 Impact Factor
• Source

  Available from: A.A.H. Azremi

  Conference Proceeding: Site-specific evaluation of a MIMO channel capacity for multi-antenna mobile terminals in proximity to a human hand

  A.A.H. Azremi, K. Haneda, P. Vainikainen
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  ABSTRACT: This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation on the Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) channel capacity performance of a coupling element -based multi-antenna structures on a mobile terminal at the 2000 MHz Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) frequency band with varying two significant hand effects; vertical position of hand along terminal chassis, and distance between hand palm and terminal chassis. The studied multi-antenna structures are analyzed with measured propagation channel specifically in a 2154 MHz outdoor microcellular environment. The results show that at the median MIMO capacity, a maximum reduction of 3.6 bit/s/Hz is observed when the hand palm is in close proximity to the multi-antenna mobile terminal, compared to that of in free space. The MIMO channel capacity reductions are significant when all multi-antenna elements are in close proximity to the hand palm, compared to when only index finger is in proximity to one of the elements.
  Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on; 05/2011