-
J Anderson, A Andreani,
A Andreazza,
A Annovi,
M Atkinson,
B Auerbach,
M Beretta,
V Bevacqua,
R Blair,
G Blazey,
others
Journal of Instrumentation. 01/2012; 7(10):C10002.
-
A Andreani,
A Annovi,
M Beretta,
M Bogdan,
M Citterio,
F Alberti,
P Giannetti,
A Lanza,
D Magalotti,
M Piendibene,
others
Journal of Instrumentation. 01/2012; 7(08):C08007.
-
F Alberti,
C Meroni,
P Giannetti,
M Dell'Orso,
M Piendibene,
A Lanza,
I Sacco, A Andreani,
V Liberali,
A Stabile,
others
Journal of Instrumentation. 01/2012;
-
A Andreani,
A Andreazza,
A Annovi,
M Beretta,
V Bevacqua,
M Bogdan,
E Bossini,
A Boveia,
F Canelli,
Y Cheng, [......],
A Todri,
R Tripiccione,
J Tuggle,
V Vercesi,
M Villa,
R A Vitullo,
G Volpi,
J Wu,
K Yorita,
J Zhang
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The existing three-level ATLAS trigger system is deployed to reduce the event rate from the bunch crossing rate of 40 MHz to ~ 200 Hz for permanent storage at the LHC design luminosity of 1034 cm−2 s−1. When the LHC exceeds the design luminosity, the load on the Level-2 trigger system will significantly increase due both to the need for more sophisticated algorithms to suppress background and the larger event sizes. The Fast Tracker is a proposed upgrade to the current ATLAS trigger system that will operate at the full Level-1 accepted rate of 100 kHz and provide high quality tracks at the beginning of processing in the Level-2 trigger, by performing track reconstruction in hardware with massive parallelism of associative memories. The concept design is being advanced and justified with the performance in important physics areas, b-tagging, τ-tagging and lepton isolation. The prototyping with current technology is underway and R&D with new technologies has been started.
Journal of Instrumentation 12/2010; 5(12):C12037. · 1.87 Impact Factor
-
A. Andreani,
A. Andreazza,
A. Annovi,
M. Beretta,
V. Bevacqua,
M. Bogdan,
E. Bossini,
A. Boveia,
F. Canelli,
Y. Cheng, [......],
A. Todri,
R. Tripiccione,
J. Tuggle,
V. Vercesi,
M. Villa,
R.A. Vitullo,
G. Volpi,
J. Wu,
K. Yorita,
J. Zhang
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: As the LHC luminosity is ramped up to 3×10<sup>34</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and beyond, the high rates, multiplicities, and energies of particles seen by the detectors will pose a unique challenge. Only a tiny fraction of the produced collisions can be stored on tape and immense real-time data reduction is needed. An effective trigger system must maintain high trigger efficiencies for the physics we are most interested in, and at the same time suppress the enormous QCD backgrounds. This requires massive computing power to minimize the online execution time of complex algorithms. A multi-level trigger is an effective solution for an otherwise impossible problem. The Fast Tracker (FTK) is a proposed upgrade to the current ATLAS trigger system that will operate at full Level-1 output rates and provide high quality tracks reconstructed over the entire detector by the start of processing in Level-2. FTK solves the combinatorial challenge inherent to tracking by exploiting massive parallelism of associative memories that can compare inner detector hits to millions of pre-calculated patterns simultaneously. The tracking problem within matched patterns is further simplified by using pre-computed linearized fitting constants and leveraging fast DSPs in modern commercial FPGAs. Overall, FTK is able to compute the helix parameters for all tracks in an event and apply quality cuts in less than 100 μs. The system design is defined and studied with respect to high transverse momentum (high-P<sub>T</sub>) Level-2 objects: b-jets, tau-jets, and isolated leptons. We test FTK algorithms using ATLAS full simulation with WH events up to 3×10<sup>34</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> luminosity and comparing FTK results with the offline tracking capability. We present the architecture and the reconstruction performances for the mentioned high-P<sub>T</sub> Level-2 objects.
Real Time Conference (RT), 2010 17th IEEE-NPSS; 06/2010
-
M. Citterio,
F. Alberti,
G. Alimonti, A. Andreani,
A. Andreazza,
F. Bellina,
K. Einsweiler,
M.S. Kersten,
K. Lantzsch,
M. Leyton,
S. Latorre,
C. Meroni,
E. Musial,
F. Sabatini
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The innermost part of the ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC Apparatus ) experiment at the LHC (Large Hadron Collider), CERN (Conseil Eurpeenne pour la Recherche Nucleaire), is a pixel detector. To operate the readout electronics and other detector components, a complex power supply and control system is necessary. The paper describes one of the components of which the power supply system is made of: the remotely programmable voltage-regulation station. The specifications, features and characteristics of this custom made electronics sub-rack are described. Particular attention is devoted to the description of the regulator and controller boards. The implemented design solutions allow precise individual adjustment of more than 4000 floating voltages by means of a CAN (Controller Area Network) protocol. The radiation resistance of this electronics made by COTS (components out of the shell) to both gamma and protons is also presented. Statistical analysis of the electrical characteristics of more than 300 boards, equivalent of 4500 voltage channels, is presented.
Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2007. NSS '07. IEEE; 12/2007
