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C. Silvano,
W. Fornaciari,
S.C. Reghizzi,
G. Agosta,
G. Palermo,
V. Zaccaria,
P. Bellasi,
F. Castro,
S. Corbetta,
E. Speziale, [......],
P. Raghavan,
C. Ykman-Couvreur,
A. Bartzas,
D. Soudris,
T. Kempf,
G. Ascheid,
H. Meyr, J. Ansari,
P. Mahonen,
B. Vanthournout
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ABSTRACT: The 2PARMA project aims at overcoming the lack of parallel programming models and run-time resource management techniques to exploit the features of many-core processor architectures. More in detail, the 2PARMA project focuses on the definition of a parallel programming model combining component-based and single-instruction multiple-thread approaches, instruction set virtualisation based on portable byte-code, run-time resource management policies and mechanisms as well as design space exploration methodologies for Many-core Computing Fabrics.
Industrial Informatics (INDIN), 2011 9th IEEE International Conference on; 08/2011
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ABSTRACT: Cognitive radio networks require reconfiguration and adaptivity in order to efficiently meet the changing application demands and network conditions. We have developed a framework which allows composition of MAC protocols using a library of MAC components. These components are implemented with a hardware-software co-design approach so as to satisfy the timeliness requirements as well as to provide the desired degree of flexibility. A domain specific MAC language and corresponding MAC-meta compiler toolchain is developed to realize highly dynamic and reconfigurable MAC solutions using the MAC components. The prototype implementation on WARP SDR boards indicates that our approach eases the MAC development without compromising on the performance characteristics as compared to the monolithic way of implementing MAC protocols.
Ad Hoc Networking Workshop (Med-Hoc-Net), 2011 The 10th IFIP Annual Mediterranean; 07/2011
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Z. Wangt, J. Ansari,
V. Atanasovski,
D. Denkovski,
T. Farnham,
L. Gavrilovska,
A. Gefflaut,
R. Manfrin,
E. Meshkova,
J. Nasreddine,
K. Rerkrai,
M. Sooriyabandara,
A. Zanella
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ABSTRACT: The increasing complexity of the future wireless networks leads to the requirement for self-organization. This is true especially in home networking where users are typically not networking professionals and cannot be expected to perform complex optimization and management tasks. In this context, cognitive radio concept combining cross-layer optimization and learning mechanisms is a promising solution. We demonstrate a cognitive home networking prototype, which addresses practical problems users face with the present-day wireless networks at home. The prototype shows how nodes using IEEE 802.11 radios and WARP boards operate under the Cognitive Resource Manager (CRM). The nodes achieve the desired performance by handling network dynamics and controlling parameters taking independent or cooperative decisions and operating in different layers of the protocol stack. This is done using multiple control loops which are supported by the CRM architecture. We demonstrate the use of machine learning for online estimation of network activity patterns to enable more efficient Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) using Hidden Semi-Markov Models (HSMM). The demonstration showcases dynamic spectrum allocation and policy-based behavioral changes in a home environment, where several multimedia streams and data communication flows are competing against each other and against external, also primary, interferers.
New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN), 2011 IEEE Symposium on; 06/2011
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ABSTRACT: Cognitive radios require fast reconfiguration of the protocol stack for dynamic spectrum access and run-time performance optimization. In order to provide rapid on-the-fly adaptability of PHY/MAC protocols, we have designed and implemented TRUMP: a Toolchain for RUn-tiMe Protocol realization. It includes a meta-language compiler, logic controller and an optimizer. TRUMP allows run-time realization and optimization of cognitive network protocols for the requirements of a particular application, communication capabilities of the radio, the current spectrum regulation and policies. TRUMP supports efficient multi-threading for multi-core platforms in order to meet variable computational requirements and to allow parallelization of PHY/MAC processing for cognitive radio systems. We have carried out the performance evaluation for different metrics on WARP SDR platform and embedded Linux based PCs. Our results indicate that TRUMP allows reconfiguration of protocols in the order of a few microseconds through run-time linking of different components, thus meeting the strict timeliness requirements imposed by PHY/MAC processing.
New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN), 2011 IEEE Symposium on; 06/2011
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ABSTRACT: In this paper we describe an experimental testbed to empirically study the construction of Radio Environmental Maps (REMs) in indoor environments. The testbed allows investigating the characteristics and modeling of the radio environment for indoor scenarios. The deployed system is a network of over 80 heterogeneous wireless spectrum sensors with significantly different measurement capabilities in an office building consisting of multiple rooms. As application examples we consider two scenarios, one illustrating the indoor propagation conditions and another showing temporal aspects of primary node activities as observed by sensing devices. The observed phenomena strongly indicate that development of general radio environment map solutions for indoor use are extremely challenging, unless heterogeneity of spectrum sensors and non-linearity of propagation conditions is considered. Our measurement results advocate dynamic construction of REMs instead of static solutions. We strongly believe that the deployed testbed and obtained experimental data can further facilitate research in the area of REMs.
New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN), 2011 IEEE Symposium on; 06/2011
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ABSTRACT: Cognitive radios are becoming the technological foundation for efficiently managing the scarcity of wireless spectrum, fulfilling various QoS demands and allowing different networks to coexist. Cognition and spectrum agility in MAC protocols require adaptability and close PHY-MAC interaction. Classically, MAC protocols have been implemented in hardware, which gives a limited possibility for reconfiguration and customization. Recently, software based MAC implementations have emerged although a close hardware-software co-design is typically required to keep the time critical operations in ASICs or FPGAs. We introduce a MAC development framework for enabling fast composition of MAC protocols, which are best fitted to the application requirements, communication capabilities of the radio, and current spectrum regulations and policies. We decompose MAC protocols into their basic functionalities which are perceived as building blocks and are partitioned across hardware/software. Our framework allows on-the-fly realization of the envisioned MAC protocol through wiring of these fundamental components. By exposing extended metadata and hardware functionalities for the MAC implementation through our granular components, together with the support for run-time re-configuration, spectrum agile and cognitive MAC solutions can be easily realized. In this paper, we describe the design rationale and implementation details of our framework on WARP boards. We show through experimental evaluation that the framework provides flexible means for prototyping different reconfigurable cognitive and spectrum agile MAC protocols.
Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2011 IEEE; 05/2011
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C. Silvano,
W. Fornaciari,
S. Crespi Reghizzi,
G. Agosta,
G. Palermo,
V. Zaccaria,
P. Bellasi,
F. Castro,
S. Corbetta,
A. Di Biagio, [......],
A. Bartzas,
S. Xydis,
D. Soudris,
T. Kempf,
G. Ascheid,
R. Leupers,
H. Meyr, J. Ansari,
P. Mähönen,
B. Vanthournout
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ABSTRACT: The 2PARMA project focuses on the development of parallel programming models and run-time resource management techniques to
exploit the features of many-core processor architectures. The main goals of the 2PARMA project are: definition of a parallel
programming model combining component-based and single-instruction multiple-thread approaches, instruction set virtualisation
based on portable byte-code, run-time resource management policies and mechanisms as well as design space exploration methodologies
for many-core computing architectures.
12/2010: pages 65-79;
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ABSTRACT: In this paper we describe the design, implementation and performance evaluation of a low-power spectrum agile medium access control protocol for wireless sensor networks. With the ever increasing popularity of wireless embedded devices and networks, spectrum is getting congested, which in turn leads to performance degradation. Since protocols are designed in isolation of each other without appropriate consideration for potential interferences and mechanisms for symbiotic coexistence, they fail to achieve the desired performance characteristics in realistic interfering environments. The performance degradation is more significant for low-power embedded networks as they remain handicapped when competing with less resource constrained networks. We design a protocol that allows sensor nodes to dynamically select an interference minimal channel for data communication. It does not pose any synchronization restrictions on the nodes and effectively handles the dynamics of the network such as new nodes joining and old nodes leaving the network. We describe the various energy efficient spectrum sensing features of the protocol on which the dynamic channel selection is based. Our experiments suggest that even in highly crowded spectrum and environments with random interferences, sensor nodes are able to communicate in a reliable and energy efficient manner.
Sensor Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON), 2010 7th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on; 07/2010
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ABSTRACT: Cognitive radios are slowly becoming a reality. Besides the need for hardware reconfigurability and the capability to sense spectrum opportunities, adaptability in the MAC designs are required so that the wireless communication systems can support cognitive radio functionalities. In this demo paper, we propose a MAC design framework which enables fast composition of MAC protocols which are best fitted to the application requirements, communication capabilities of the radio and current regulations and policies. Our design is based on decomposition principle and allows on-the-fly realization of the required MAC protocol from a set of basic functional components. By exposing extended meta-data and hardware functionalities for the MAC implementation through our granular components together with the support for run-time re-configuration, spectrum agile and cognitive MAC solutions can easily be realized. We validate our approach through realization of a few MAC solutions on the WARP board from Rice University, USA. We also demonstrate the ease of MAC realization, fast on-the-fly adaptation based on the spectral characteristics and high degree of code reuse.
New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum, 2010 IEEE Symposium on; 05/2010
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ABSTRACT: Testbeds are necessary to evaluate the performance of network applications for a wide range of deployment scenarios. Especially in wireless sensor networks, where the performance highly depends on environmental conditions, traditional computer-based simulations provide validity to only limited extent. Different approaches have been carried out to develop generic testbeds for protocol evaluation, but they suffer from automation deficiencies such as the ability for fast iterations over different topologies or parameter settings. Those features are nevertheless necessary to study the performance of a developed solution in a variety of conditions. Furthermore, the legacy data storage of other testbeds make later processing less tractable. We present a scalable wireless sensor network testbed that provides a generic interface which can easily be incorporated into existing network research and data mining software. It uses a generic data storage format that allows ease of analysis. Higher utilization of resources by means of parallelisation of individual user tasks and multi-user support makes this testbed a valuable tool. It consists of inexpensive commercial off-the-shelf hardware and as it is open-source, requires no additional investment in legacy software.
Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks Workshops, 2009. SECON Workshops '09. 6th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on; 07/2009
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ABSTRACT: Currently there is no widely accepted formalized description or metadata that represents networks, their components and interrelations between them. There is also no de facto classification of network parameters, models and services. The network community lacks a metadata specification similar to WSDL that represents networks in clear and unified manner and includes software, hardware and networking parts of the system description. This limits the advance of the frameworks aiming to assist the development of complex non-established network systems, such as wireless sensor, cognitive and heterogeneous networks. Additionally a standard metadata would enhance the interoperability and acceptance of various middleware, service discovery schemes and cross-layer optimization solutions. In this paper we suggest a simple, but comprehensive extensible metadata specification and a corresponding metamodel that allows to describe a wide range of network components and network configurations. We describe metadata and metamodel on the example of wireless sensor networks. In this field the need for standard metadata is particularly pressing due to the high number of available protocol solutions and lack of standardization.
Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2008. PIMRC 2008. IEEE 19th International Symposium on; 10/2008
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ABSTRACT: This paper presents new approaches for dynamically integrating sensors into a surrounding computing infrastructure. Our work is based on small programs - called Senslets - that are stored on sensor nodes. Senslets are written using a programming model based on a high-level programming language such as C# or Java, but they do not assume a virtual execution environment on the sensors. Instead, they are downloaded to a mobile device or stationary computer, where they are hosted and executed. In this paper, we present (1) a programming framework for developing Senslets, (2) the tools necessary for deploying Senslets on resource-constrained sensor nodes, and (3) a hosting environment for executing Senslets on mobile phones. The paper also contains an evaluation and a description of example applications.
Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2008. WCNC 2008. IEEE; 05/2008
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ABSTRACT: We present a system-level approach to localizing and tracking users on a basis of different sources of location information. We have applied a combination of the Cricket system and inertial navigation sensors to improve the coverage and accuracy of our framework when used indoors. The system can be applied outdoors as well using, for example, GPS as the source of location data. The overall system architecture is modular and extendible, allowing for creation of location and context aware services and inclusion of additional sources of localization data. Extensive performance evaluation presented shows that the system is both accurate as well as scalable.
Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2008. WCNC 2008. IEEE; 05/2008
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ABSTRACT: We describe the design, implementation and performance evaluation of a wireless sensor network based localization and tracking system, which can provide localization services in many of the pervasive computing applications. Our system uses non-linear Bayesian filtering to obtain accurate tracking results from noisy localization data. This allows high-accuracy tracking of non-linear motion even in the presence of non- Gaussian measurement noise, which is a significant improvement in generality compared to many state-of-the-art sensor network localization systems. Our prototype uses a combination of radio and ultrasound signals to obtain distance estimates necessary for the filtering process, although in principle any distance estimation technique can be used. We also describe improved outlier detection and post-calibration methods for enhancing the quality of the distance estimates obtained compared to earlier systems.
Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2007. PIMRC 2007. IEEE 18th International Symposium on; 10/2007
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J. Ansari,
J. Sanchez,
M. Petrova,
J. Riihijarvi,
O. Raivio,
K. Rerkrai,
C. Jardak,
F. Oldewurtel,
M. Wellens,
L. Wu,
P. Mahonen
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ABSTRACT: This paper describes the design, implementation and performance evaluation of a wireless sensor network based scalable outdoor vehicular tracking system. The system is highly flexible and configurable both from software and hardware architecture point of views and enables it to adapt to a wide range of vehicle tracking applications. We also present some intermediate results and the rationale behind our design approach. The system was tested for a network of 100 nodes and is scalable to a few thousand node setup. We believe that the vehicle localization and tracking results from our large scale deployment of sensor nodes and system design experience are useful to the community
Vehicular Technology Conference, 2007. VTC2007-Spring. IEEE 65th; 05/2007
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ABSTRACT: This paper describes the implementation architecture and performance analysis of nanoMAC, a CSMA/CA based medium access control protocol, which is specifically designed for high density wireless sensor networks. We empirically show that nanoMAC performs with high reliability in a variety of network traffic conditions in single and multihop scenarios. For energy efficient operation and minimizing idle-overhearing, nanoMAC uses a specialized sleep algorithmWe also show results from a comparative study of nanoMAC with B-MAC in terms of performance measures.
Communications, 2006. ICC '06. IEEE International Conference on; 07/2006
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C. Silvano,
W. Fornaciari,
S. Crespi Reghizzi,
G. Agosta,
G. Palermo,
V. Zaccaria,
P. Bellasi,
F. Castro,
S. Corbetta,
A. Di Biagio, [......],
A. Bartzas,
S. Xydis,
D. Soudris,
T. Kempf,
G. Ascheid,
R. Leupers,
H. Meyr, J. Ansari,
P. Mähönen,
B. Vanthournout
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The main goals of the 2PARMA project are: the definition of a parallel programming model combining component-based and single-instruction multiple-thread approaches, instruction set virtualisation based on portable byte-code, run-time resource management policies and mechanisms as well as design space exploration methodologies for many-core computing architectures.
VLSI, IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on.
