-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This paper discusses bus and breaker fail protection in modern industrial and commercial power systems. Fault current levels are increasing due to changes in utility arrangements and in-plant power generation. Such high fault currents as well as in-plant generator dynamics and system arc flash incident energy limiting requirements necessitate fast bus fault clearing. Meanwhile advancements of numerical relays proved more appealing economically and technically for MV and LV bus protection applications. On the other hand, when bus and breaker fail protection operate, the interrupted segment of the system is larger than a single feeder protection's operation. Consequently, mal-operations of either bus or breaker fail protection are less tolerable than mal-operations of single feeder schemes. This paper is intended to aid protection engineers in making decisions; first if dedicated fast bus and breaker fail protection schemes are required and second what concerns need to be addressed during the selection and the design of such systems. The topics are presented in two separate parts. Part 1 covers scope, introduction and bus protection topics. Part 2 covers breaker fail protection concepts, conclusions and bibliography of additional reference material.
Industry Applications Conference, 2007. 42nd IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2007 IEEE; 10/2007
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This paper discusses bus and breaker fail protection in modern industrial and commercial power systems. Fault current levels are increasing due to increases in power transmission system capacities and in-plant power generation. Such high fault currents as well as in-plant generator dynamics and system arc flash incident energy limiting requirements necessitate fast bus fault clearing. Meanwhile advancements of numerical relays proved more appealing economically and technically for MV and LV bus protection applications. On the other hand, when bus and breaker fail protection operate, the interrupted segment of the system is larger than a single feeder protection's operation. Consequently, mal-operations of either bus or breaker fail protection are less tolerable than mal-operations of single feeder schemes. This paper is intended to aid protection engineers in making decisions; first if dedicated fast bus and breaker fail protection schemes are required and second what concerns need to be addressed during the selection and the design of such systems. The topics are presented in two separate parts. Part 1 covers scope, introduction and bus protection topics. Part 2 covers breaker fail protection concepts, conclusions and bibliography of additional reference material.
Industry Applications Conference, 2007. 42nd IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2007 IEEE; 10/2007
-
P. Pillai,
B.G. Bailey,
J. Bowen,
G. Dalke,
B.G. Douglas,
J. Fischer,
J.R. Jones,
D.J. Love,
C.J. Mozina,
N. Nichols,
C. Normand,
L. Padden,
A. Pierce, L.J. Powell,
D.D. Shipp,
N.T. Stringer,
R.H. Young
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This paper discusses typical grounding practices and ground fault protection methods for medium-voltage generator stators, highlighting their merits and drawbacks. Particular attention is given to applications of multiple generators connected to a single bus. The paper also provides an overview of the generator damage mechanism during stator ground faults. Problem areas associated with each type of grounding are identified and solutions are discussed. The paper also provides a list of references on the topic. The paper is intended as a guide to aid engineers in selecting adequate grounding and ground fault protection schemes for medium-voltage industrial and commercial generators for new installations, for evaluating existing systems, and for future expansion of facilities, to minimize generator damage from stator ground faults. These topics are presented in four separate parts, Parts 1-4. Part 1 covers scope, introduction, user examples of stator ground failure, and theoretical basis for the problem. Part 2 discusses various grounding methods used in industrial applications. Part 3 describes protection methods for the various types of grounding and Part 4 provides a conclusion and bibliography of additional resource material.
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 02/2004; · 1.66 Impact Factor
-
P. Pillai,
B.G. Bailey,
J. Bowen,
G. Dalke,
B.G. Douglas,
J. Fischer,
J.R. Jones,
D.J. Love,
C.J. Mozina,
N. Nichols,
C. Normand,
L. Padden,
A. Pierce, L.J. Powell,
D.D. Shipp,
N.T. Stringer,
R.H. Young
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This paper discusses typical grounding practices and ground fault protection methods for medium-voltage generator stators, highlighting their merits and drawbacks. Particular attention is given to applications of multiple generators connected to a single bus. The paper also provides an overview of the generator damage mechanism during stator ground faults. Problem areas associated with each type of grounding are identified and solutions are discussed. The paper also provides a list of references on the topic. The paper is intended as a guide to aid engineers in selecting adequate grounding and ground fault protection schemes for medium-voltage industrial and commercial generators for new installations, for evaluating existing systems, and for future expansion of facilities, to minimize generator damage from stator ground faults. These topics are presented in four separate parts, Parts 1-4. Part 1 covers scope, introduction, user examples of stator ground failure, and theoretical basis for the problem. Part 2 discusses various grounding methods used in industrial applications. Part 3 describes protection methods for the various types of grounding and Part 4 provides a conclusion and bibliography of additional resource material.
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 02/2004; · 1.66 Impact Factor
-
P. Pillai,
B.G. Bailey,
J. Bowen,
G. Dalke,
B.G. Douglas,
J. Fischer,
J.R. Jones,
D.J. Love,
C.J. Mozina,
N. Nichols,
C. Normand,
L. Padden,
A. Pierce, L.J. Powell,
D.D. Shipp,
N.T. Stringer,
R.H. Young
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This paper discusses typical grounding practices and ground fault protection methods for medium-voltage generator stators, highlighting their merits and drawbacks. Particular attention is given to applications of multiple generators connected to a single bus. The paper also provides an overview of the generator damage mechanism during stator ground faults. Problem areas associated with each type of grounding are identified and solutions are discussed. The paper also provides a list of references on the topic. The paper is intended as a guide to aid engineers in selecting adequate grounding and ground fault protection schemes for medium-voltage industrial and commercial generators for new installations, for evaluating existing systems, and for future expansion of facilities, to minimize generator damage from stator ground faults. These topics are presented in four separate parts, Parts 1-4. Part 1 covers scope, introduction, user examples of stator ground failure, and theoretical basis for the problem. Part 2 discusses various grounding methods used in industrial applications. Part 3 describes protection methods for the various types of grounding and Part 4 provides a conclusion and bibliography of additional resource material.
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 02/2004; · 1.66 Impact Factor
-
P. Pillai,
B.G. Bailey,
J. Bowen,
G. Dalke,
B.G. Douglas,
J. Fischer,
J.R. Jones,
D.J. Love,
C.J. Mozina,
N. Nichols,
C. Normand,
L. Padden,
A. Pierce, L.J. Powell,
D.D. Shipp,
N.T. Stringer,
R.H. Young
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This paper discusses typical grounding practices and ground fault protection methods for medium-voltage generator stators, highlighting their merits and drawbacks. Particular attention is given to applications of multiple generators connected to a single bus. The paper also provides an overview of the generator damage mechanism during stator ground faults. Problem areas associated with each type of grounding are identified and solutions are discussed. The paper also provides a list of references on the topic. The paper is intended as a guide to aid engineers in selecting adequate grounding and ground fault protection schemes for medium-voltage industrial and commercial generators for new installations, for evaluating existing systems, and for future expansion of facilities, to minimize generator damage from stator ground faults. These topics are presented in four separate parts, Parts 1-4. Part 1 covers scope, introduction, user examples of stator ground failure, and theoretical basis for the problem. Part 2 discusses various grounding methods used in industrial applications. Part 3 describes protection methods for the various types of grounding and Part 4 provides a conclusion and bibliography of additional resource material.
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 02/2004; · 1.66 Impact Factor
-
D.S. Baker,
B.G. Bailey,
B. Bridger Jr,
C.J. Cook,
K.R. Cooper,
J.S. Dudor,
J.D. Fischer,
E. Galyon,
G. Jackson,
C.K. Mozina,
A.C. Pierce, L.J. Powell,
R.L. Simpson,
R.L. Smith,
N.T. Stringer
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The technology of static overcurrent relays has developed very
rapidly in the past few years. These developments have produced changes
in the way they are applied from electromechanical (EM) relays and,
further, offer many new features to provide greater utilization than
previously possible. A Working Group of the Medium-Voltage Subcommittee
of the Power Systems Protection Committee began examining the impact of
these developments several years ago. This report documents the results
and describes the nature of the changes and the new areas of
application. It is presented acknowledging the fact that this is really
an interim report, since static relay technology is a very dynamic
technology with many more innovations yet to be developed
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 12/1997; · 1.66 Impact Factor
-
D.S. Baker,
B.G. Bailey,
Bridger,
C.J. Cook,
K.R. Cooper,
J. Dudor,
J.D. Fisher,
E. Galyon,
G. Jackson,
C.K. Mozina,
A.C. Pierce, L.J. Powell,
R.L. Simpson,
R.L. Smith,
N.T. Stringer
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The technology of static overcurrent relays has developed very rapidly in the past few years. These developments have produced changes from electromechanical relays in the way they are applied, and further, offer many new features to provide greater utilization than possible previously. A Working Group of the Medium Voltage Subcommittee of the Power Systems Protection Committee began examining the impact of these developments several years ago. This report documents the results and describes the nature of the changes and the new areas of application. It is presented acknowledging the fact that this is really an interim report, since static relay technology is a very dynamic technology with many more innovations yet to be developed
Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference, 1997. Conference Record, Papers Presented at the 1997 Annual Meeting., IEEE 1997; 06/1997
