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ABSTRACT: We show that the accumulation rate of nonlinearity in highly-dispersive long-haul coherent links can also be measured from the nonlinear threshold decrease rate, and provide simulations of such rates for both single- and cross-channel effects. We then show how the estimated rate can be used for the overall system design.
Optics Express 12/2012; 20(26):B204-16. · 3.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We compare by simulation the performance of 100 Gbit/s PDM-iRZ-QPSK and PS-QPSK transmission both in homogeneous and hybrid QPSK/OOK DM links. We detail the reasons of the overall performance investigating each nonlinear effect (SPM, XPM and XPolM) individually. Moreover, we compare the accuracy of the noise loading method with the more realistic use of noisy in-line amplifiers. Results shows that i) PDM-iRZ-QPSK and PS-QPSK have same reach in both homogeneous and hybrid setups, ii) correct simulations must include distributed ASE.
Optics Express 03/2012; 20(7):7895-900. · 3.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: By extending a well-established time-domain perturbation approach to dual-polarization propagation, we provide an analytical framework to predict the nonlinear interference (NLI) variance, i.e., the variance induced by nonlinearity on the sampled field, and the nonlinear threshold (NLT) in coherent transmissions with dominant intrachannel-four-wave-mixing (IFWM). Such a framework applies to non dispersion managed (NDM) very long-haul coherent optical systems at nowadays typical baudrates of tens of Gigabaud, as well as to dispersion-managed (DM) systems at even higher baudrates, whenever IFWM is not removed by nonlinear equalization and is thus the dominant nonlinearity. The NLI variance formula has two fitting parameters which can be calibrated from simulations. From the NLI variance formula, analytical expressions of the NLT for both DM and NDM systems are derived and checked against recent NLT Monte-Carlo simulations.
Optics Express 03/2012; 20(7):7777-91. · 3.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The contribution of each nonlinear effect to system penalty is investigated in a 20 × 100km homogeneous WDM PDM-QPSK link over wide range of symbol rates and setups. XPolM is found to dominate 112Gb/s dispersion-managed links.
Optical Communication (ECOC), 2010 36th European Conference and Exhibition on; 10/2010
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ABSTRACT: The Multicanonical Monte Carlo (MMC) technique is a new form of adaptive importance sampling (IS). Thanks to its blind adaptation algorithm, it does not require an in-depth system knowledge for exploitation as does traditional IS. Hence MMC is a practical, handy tool to estimate via simulation the probability of rare events in complex telecom systems, such as the symbol error rate or the outage probability. In this paper, we present the analytical connections between MMC and IS, and describe the recursive algorithm via which MMC seeks an optimal "flat-histogram" warping. We also provide practical guidelines on how MMC can be successfully applied in telecom to achieve accelerations of simulation time by many orders of magnitude with respect to standard Monte Carlo.
Global Telecommunications Conference, 2009. GLOBECOM 2009. IEEE; 01/2010
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ABSTRACT: We show by simulation that when linear PMD is fully compensated by the receiver, the presence of DGD along the link reduces the amount of residual nonlinear penalty in 112 Gbit/s PDM-QPSK coherent systems.
Optical Communication, 2009. ECOC '09. 35th European Conference on; 10/2009
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ABSTRACT: We compare through Monte Carlo simulations the performance of polarization-division multiplexed quadrature phase-shift keying (PDM-QPSK)/on-off keying (OOK) and differential QPSK (DQPSK)/OOK hybrid systems, taking into account nonlinear phase noise. DQPSK turns out to be better with optimal dispersion-management, while PDM-QPSK proves to be a good candidate for bit rates higher than 40 Gb/s.
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 02/2009; · 2.19 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We asses through Monte Carlo simulations PDM-QPSK/OOK and DQPSK/OOK Hybrid systems performance. DQPSK works better with optimal dispersion-management. PDM-QPSK is more robust to system impairments.
Optical Communication, 2008. ECOC 2008. 34th European Conference on; 10/2008
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ABSTRACT: We propose an efficient Hybrid system based on 40G DQPSK and 10G narrow filter DPSK in place of OOK. This technique reduces XPM on DQPSK channels at low inline dispersion.
Optical Communication, 2008. ECOC 2008. 34th European Conference on; 10/2008
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ABSTRACT: We investigate the interaction between Kerr nonlin-earity and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in homogeneous multi-channel polarization division multiplexing coherent phase shift keying transmissions. Assuming linear distortions can be fully equalized by the coherent receiver, we concentrate the investigation on the residual nonlinear penalty. We introduce a novel simulation procedure to discriminate intra-channel PMD, i.e., PMD within the channel, from inter-channel PMD, i.e., PMD among different channels, showing their relative impact on system performance in the nonlinear regime. A simple yet effective de-scription of intra-channel PMD is proposed, which helps identify the PMD realizations giving the best/worst performance in the nonlinear regime. We show that on average PMD improves the performance of dispersion-managed links by reducing both non-linear interactions among signals and nonlinear phase noise, while it has no effect in non-dispersion managed links. Index Terms—Binary phase shift keying (BPSK), polarization mode dispersion (PMD), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK).
