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A. Kumar,
J. Gosciniak,
V. S. Volkov,
S. Papaioannou,
D. Kalavrouziotis,
K. Vyrsokinos,
J.-C. Weeber,
K. Hassan, L. Markey,
A. Dereux,
T. Tekin,
M. Waldow,
D. Apostolopoulos,
H. Avramopoulos,
N. Pleros,
S. I. Bozhevolnyi
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ABSTRACT: Surface plasmon propagating modes supported by metal/dielectric interfaces in various configurations can be used for radiation guiding similarly to conventional dielectric waveguides. Plasmonic waveguides offer two attractive features: subdiffraction mode confinement and the presence of conducting elements at the mode-field maximum. The first feature can be exploited to realize ultrahigh density of nanophotonics components, whereas the second feature enables the development of dynamic components controlling the plasmon propagation with ultralow signals, minimizing heat dissipation in switching elements. While the first feature is yet to be brought close to the domain of practical applications because of high propagation losses, the second one is already being investigated for bringing down power requirements in optical communication systems. In this review, the latest application-oriented research on radiation modulation and routing using thermo-optic dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguide components integrated with silicon-based photonic waveguides is overviewed. Their employment under conditions of real telecommunications is addressed, highlighting challenges and perspectives.
Laser & Photonics Review 02/2013; · 7.39 Impact Factor
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S. Papaioannou,
K. Vyrsokinos,
D. Kalavrouziotis,
G. Giannoulis,
D. Apostolopoulos,
H. Avramopoulos,
F. Zacharatos,
K. Hassan,
J.-C. Weeber, L. Markey, [......],
A. Kumar,
S. I. Bozhevolnyi,
A. Suna,
O. G. de Villasante,
T. Tekin,
M. Waldow,
O. Tsilipakos,
A. Pitilakis,
E. E. Kriezis,
N. Pleros
10/2012: pages 26; , ISBN: 978-953-51-0797-2
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ABSTRACT: We report the first experimental performance evaluation of a 75-μm-long plasmonic multimode interference switch that is hetero-integrated on a silicon-on-insulator platform, operating with 10-Gb/s data signals. The switch exhibits a 2.9-μs response time and 44.5% modulation depth, while the extinction ratio between the ports alters from 5.4 to -1.5 dB for 35-mW electrical (switching) power. Error-free performance was achieved.
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 10/2012; 24(20):1819-1822. · 2.19 Impact Factor
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S. Papaioannou,
G. Giannoulis,
D. Kalavrouziotis,
K. Vyrsokinos,
J.-C. Weeber,
K. Hassan, L. Markey,
A. Dereux,
A. Kumar,
S.I. Bozhevolnyi,
D. Apostolopoulos,
H. Avramopoulos,
N. Pleros
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ABSTRACT: We demonstrate a system-level evaluation of an A-MZI with 60μm long DLSPP active branches exhibiting more than 14dB extinction ratio. Error-free switching operation is achieved for a 4×10Gb/s incoming WDM data stream with only 13.1mW power consumption.
European Conference on Optical Communication, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 09/2012
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ABSTRACT: We report the first experimental performance evaluation of a 75 um long plasmonic MMI switch, hetero-integrated on a SOI platform, operating with 10Gb/s data signals. The switch exhibits 2.9μs response time and 44.5% modulation depth while its extinction ratio varies from 5.4 to -1.5 dB for 35mW switching power. Error-free performance was achieved.
European Conference on Optical Communication, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 09/2012
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K. Vyrsokinos,
S. Papaioannou,
D. Kalavrouziotis,
J.-C. Weeber,
K. Hassan, L. Markey,
A. Dereux,
A. Kumar,
S.I. Bozhevolnyi,
M. Baus,
G. Giannoulis,
D. Apostolopoulos,
H. Avramopoulos,
N. Pleros
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ABSTRACT: The field of data communications and short-range interconnects in computing and High Performance Data Centers (HPCs) and Computing Systems has been up to date almost exclusively dominated by electronics, which have formed the main technological solution for the interconnection of many core/board/rack modules. In FP7-PLATON project we are investigating novel hybrid Silicon-Plasmonics components/subsystems for the demonstration of a Tb/s scale router with ultralow power consumption, footprint and end-to-end propagation delay. The breakthrough approach of PLATON relies on a novel hybrid Silicon-Plasmonics technology where Silicon Photonics is the low loss platform for the formation of the passive circuitry and Plasmonics is exploited for the active parts of the router towards reducing size and energy consumption. In this article, we will present our latest results on true WDM traffic transmission and switching using active plasmonics integrated on the Silicon-on-Insulator waveguide platform and we will outline the roadmap for future energy efficient Data Centers and HPCs with the integration of our novel technology.
14th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, Coventry, England; 07/2012
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D. Kalavrouziotis,
S. Papaioannou,
K. Vyrsokinos,
A. Kumar,
S. I. Bozhevolnyi,
K. Hassan, L. Markey,
J.-C. Weeber,
A. Dereux,
G. Giannoulis,
D. Apostolopoulos,
H. Avramopoulos,
N. Pleros
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ABSTRACT: We present the first system-level demonstration of an active plasmonic device in 10-Gb/s data traffic conditions. An asymmetric silicon-plasmonic Mach-Zehnder interferometer with dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguides serving as the electrically controlled arms, operates as thermo-optic On/Off gating element with 2.8- μ s response time and 10.8-mW power consumption.
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 06/2012; 24(12):1036-1038. · 2.19 Impact Factor
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O. Tsilipakos,
A. Pitilakis,
T. V. Yioultsis,
S. Papaioannou,
K. Vyrsokinos,
D. Kalavrouziotis,
G. Giannoulis,
D. Apostolopoulos,
H. Avramopoulos,
T. Tekin,
M. Baus,
M. Karl,
K. Hassan,
J.-C. Weeber, L. Markey,
A. Dereux,
A. Kumar,
S. I. Bozhevolnyi,
N. Pleros,
E. E. Kriezis
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ABSTRACT: A comprehensive theoretical analysis of end-fire coupling between dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton and rib/wire silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides is presented. Simulations are based on the 3-D vector finite element method. The geometrical parameters of the interface are varied in order to identify the ones leading to optimum performance, i.e., maximum coupling efficiency. Fabrication tolerances about the optimum parameter values are also assessed. In addition, the effect of a longitudinal metallic stripe gap on coupling efficiency is quantified, since such gaps have been observed in fabricated structures. Finally, theoretical results are compared against insertion loss measurements, carried out for two distinct sets of samples comprising rib and wire SOI waveguides, respectively.
IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 05/2012; 48(5):678-687. · 1.88 Impact Factor
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D Kalavrouziotis,
S Papaioannou,
G Giannoulis,
D Apostolopoulos,
K Hassan, L Markey,
J-C Weeber,
A Dereux,
A Kumar,
S I Bozhevolnyi,
M Baus,
M Karl,
T Tekin,
O Tsilipakos,
A Pitilakis,
E E Kriezis,
H Avramopoulos,
K Vyrsokinos,
N Pleros
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ABSTRACT: We demonstrate Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM)-enabled transmission of 480Gb/s aggregate data traffic (12x40Gb/s) as well as high-quality 1x2 thermo-optic tuning in Dielectric-Loaded Surface Plasmon Polariton Waveguides (DLSPPWs). The WDM transmission characteristics have been verified through BER measurements by exploiting the heterointegration of a 60 μm-long straight DLSPPW on a Silicon-on-Insulator waveguide platform, showing error-free performance for six out of the twelve channels. High-quality thermo-optic tuning has been achieved by utilizing Cycloaliphatic-Acrylate-Polymer as an efficient thermo-optic polymer loading employed in a dual-resonator DLSPPW switching structure, yielding a 9 nm wavelength shift and extinction ratio values higher than 10 dB at both output ports when heated to 90°C.
Optics Express 03/2012; 20(7):7655-62. · 3.59 Impact Factor
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D. Kalavrouziotis,
S. Papaioannou,
K. Vyrsokinos,
A. Kumar,
S.I. Bozhevolnyi, L. Markey,
J.-C. Weeber,
A. Dereux,
G. Giannoulis,
D. Apostolopoulos,
H. Avramopoulos,
N. Pleros
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ABSTRACT: We demonstrate the first system-level evaluation of an active plasmonic device in 10Gb/s data traffic conditions. Thermo-optic ON/OFF modulation with 3μs response time and 10mW power consumption is presented using an asymmetric MZI silicon-plasmonic gate.
Optical Fiber Communication, Los Angeles, California, USA; 03/2012
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G. Giannoulis,
D. Kalavrouziotis,
D. Apostolopoulos,
S. Papaioannou,
A. Kumar,
S. I. Bozhevolnyi, L. Markey,
K. Hassan,
J.-C. Weeber,
A. Dereux,
M. Baus,
M. Karl,
T. Tekin,
O. Tsilipakos,
A. Pitilakis,
E. E. Kriezis,
K. Vyrsokinos,
H. Avramopoulos,
N. Pleros
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ABSTRACT: We demonstrate experimental evidence of the data capture and the low-energy thermo-optic tuning credentials of dielectric-loaded plasmonic structures integrated on a silicon chip. We show 7-nm thermo-optical tuning of a plasmonic racetrack-resonator with less than 3.3 mW required electrical power and verify error-free 10-Gb/s transmission through a 60-μm-long dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguide.
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 03/2012; 24(5):374-376. · 2.19 Impact Factor
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A. Dereux,
K. Hassan, L. Markey,
J.-C. Weeber,
S. I. Bozhevolnyi,
O. Tsilipakos,
A. Pitilakis,
E. E. Kriezis,
S. Papaioannou,
K. Vyrsokinos,
N. Pleros,
T. Tekin,
M. Baus,
D. Kalavrouziotis,
G. Giannoulis,
H. Avramopoulos
SPIE Photonics West, San Francisco, CA, USA; 01/2012
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S. Papaioannou,
K. Vyrsokinos,
O. Tsilipakos,
A. Pitilakis,
K. Hassan,
J.-C. Weeber, L. Markey,
A. Dereux,
S.I. Bozhevolnyi,
A. Miliou,
E.E. Kriezis,
N. Pleros
[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: We demonstrate a 2 × 2 silicon-plasmonic router architecture with 320 Gb/s throughput capabilities for optical interconnect applications. The proposed router platform relies on a novel dual-ring Dielectric-Loaded Surface Plasmon Polariton (DLSPP) 2 × 2 switch heterointegrated on a Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) photonic motherboard that is responsible for traffic multiplexing and header processing functionalities. We present experimental results of a Poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA)-loaded dual-resonator DLSPP waveguide structure that uses two racetrack resonators of 5.5 μm radius and 4 μ m-long straight sections and operates as a passive add/drop filtering element. We derive its frequency-domain transfer function, confirm its add/drop experimental spectral response, and proceed to a circuit-level model for dual-ring DLSPP designs supporting 2 × 2 thermo-optic switch operation. The validity of our circuit-level modeled 2 × 2 thermo-optic switch is verified by means of respective full vectorial three-dimensional Finite Element Method (3D-FEM) simulations. The router setup is completed by means of two 4 × 1 SOI multiplexing circuits, each one employing four cascaded second order micro-ring configurations with 100 GHz spaced resonances. Successful interconnection between the DLSPP switching matrix and the SOI circuitry is performed through a butt-coupling design that, as shown via 3D-FEM analysis, allows for small coupling losses of as low as 2.6 dB. The final router architecture is evaluated through a co-operative simulation environment, demonstrating successful 2 × 2 routing for two incoming 4-wavelength Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ) optical packet streams with 40 Gb/s line-rates.
Journal of Lightwave Technology 12/2011; · 2.78 Impact Factor
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D. Kalavrouziotis,
G. Giannoulis,
D. Apostolopoulos,
S. Papaioannou,
A. Kumar,
S. Bozhevolnyi, L. Markey,
K. Hassan,
J.C. Weeber,
A. Dereux,
M. Baus,
M. Karl,
T. Tolga,
O. Tsilipakos,
A. Pitilakis,
E.E. Kriezis,
H. Avramopoulos,
K. Vyrsokinos,
N. Pleros
[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: The first system-level experimental results of hybrid Si-DLSPP structures incorporated into a SOI chip are reported. We demonstrate over 7nm thermo-optical tuning of a Si-Plasmonic racetrack-resonator and verify error-free 10Gb/s transmission through 60um Si-Plasmonic waveguide.
Optical Communication (ECOC), 2011 37th European Conference and Exhibition on; 10/2011
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ABSTRACT: The optical properties of racetrack shaped dielectric loaded surface plasmon polariton resonators are studied experimentally for various radius, interaction lengths, and separation gaps between the resonator and the bus waveguide. Using radiation leakage microscopy, their power transmission spectra is recorded over the telecom frequency range and modeled by a notch filter made of a lossy bus waveguide coupled to a lossy resonator. For a typical separation gap around 250 nm, the optimum critical coupling condition is determined by a radius of 6 μm and an interaction length of 2.5 μm. Extinction ratios of the order of -30 dB are reported for resonators featuring quality factors that are found to be of the order of 110. The static thermo-optical control of such racetrack resonators produces a blueshift of the resonance frequency that can be as large as 4.5 nm for a temperature increase of 75 K. Extinction ratio of the order of 9 dB can be achieved between hot and cold states.
Journal of Applied Physics 07/2011; 110(2):023106-023106-7. · 2.17 Impact Factor
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N. Pleros,
K. Vyrsokinos,
S. Papaioannou,
D. Fitsios,
O. Tsilipakos,
A. Pitilakis,
E. Kriezis,
A. Miliou,
T. Tekin,
M. Baus,
M. Karl,
D. Kalavrouziotis,
I. Giannoulis,
H. Avramopoulos,
N. Djellali,
J.-C. Weeber, L. Markey,
A. Dereux,
J. Gosciniac,
S. Bozhevolnyi
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ABSTRACT: We present recent work that is carried out within the FP7 project PLATON on novel Tb/s switch fabric architectures and technologies for optical interconnect applications, employing heterointegration of plasmonics, silicon photonics and electronics.
IEEE Photonics Society, 2010 23rd Annual Meeting of the; 12/2010
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ABSTRACT: Ultracompact directional couplers (DCs) based on dielectric-loaded surface plasmon-polariton waveguides (DLSPPWs) are analyzed using the effective index method (EIM), with the coupling, both in the parallel interaction region and in- and out-coupling regions, being taken into account. Near-field characterization of fabricated DCs performed with a scanning near-field optical microscope verifies the applicability of the EIM in the analysis and design of DLSPPW-based wavelength-selective DCs. The design approach applicable to a large variety of integrated optical waveguides is developed, enabling the realization of DCs in which optical signals at two different wavelengths are coupled into two separate output channels. The developed approach ensures minimization of the crosstalk and overall DC length via simultaneous adjustment of the waveguide separation and length of the interaction region. As an example, the design of a DLSPPW-based DC for complete separation of telecommunication signals at the wavelengths lambda = 1400 nm and lambda = 1600 nm between two output channels separated by 6 mum is worked out, resulting in the total device length of 52.3 mum. In addition, the design of an ultracompact DLSPPW-based DC waveguide crossing that ensures a very low crosstalk over a large wavelength band in the telecommunication range is considered.
Journal of Lightwave Technology 01/2010; · 2.78 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We present a comprehensive study of highly efficient and compact passive and active components for integrated plasmonic circuit based on dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguides.
IEEE/LEOS Winter Topicals Meeting Series, 2009; 02/2009
