T. M. So

Publications (2)2.66 Total impact

• Article: Association of levofloxacin resistance with mortality in adult patients with invasive pneumococcal diseases: a post hoc analysis of a prospective cohort.

  C-I Kang, J-H Song, S H Kim, D R Chung, K R Peck, V Thamlikitkul, H Wang, T M So, P-R Hsueh, R M Yasin, C C Carlos, P H Van, J Perera
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  ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to identify risk factors for mortality and to evaluate the impact of antimicrobial resistance on outcome in adult patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). METHODS: A post hoc analysis of an observational cohort study on community-acquired pneumococcal infections was conducted and a total of 136 adult patients with IPD were analyzed in this study. RESULTS: Pneumonia was the most common type of infection (n = 84, 61.8 %), followed by primary bacteremia (n = 15, 11.0 %) and meningitis (n = 15, 11.0 %). One hundred and three patients (75.7 %) had concomitant pneumococcal bacteremia. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 26.5 % (36/136), and factors associated with 30-day mortality were corticosteroid use, presentation with septic shock, and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (all P < 0.05). While penicillin and erythromycin resistance were associated with a lower mortality, an association between levofloxacin resistance and increased mortality was found in the univariate analysis; however, statistical significance was not reached (P = 0.083). Multivariable analysis showed that presentation with septic shock, corticosteroid use, development of ARDS, and levofloxacin resistance were independent factors associated with 30-day mortality. Of the five patients with IPD caused by levofloxacin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, three (60 %) died within 30 days of diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Levofloxacin resistance was associated with increased mortality, along with septic shock, prior use of corticosteroids, and development of ARDS, in adult patients with IPD. Our data suggest that the emergence of levofloxacin resistance among invasive pneumococcal isolates is now becoming a challenge for clinicians managing community-acquired bacterial infections.
  Infection 07/2012; · 2.66 Impact Factor
• Article: High prevalence of multidrug-resistant nonfermenters in hospital-acquired pneumonia in Asia

  D. R. Chung, J. H. Song, S. H. Kim, V. Thamlikitkul, S. G. Huang, H. Wang, T. M. So, R. M. Yasin, P. R. Hsueh, C. C. Carlos, L. Y. Hsu, L. Buntaran, M. K. Lalitha, M. J. Kim, J. Y. Choi, S. I. Kim, K. S. Ko, C. I. Kang, K. R. Peck
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  ABSTRACT: RATIONALE: Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remain important causes of morbidity and mortality. Increasing antimicrobial resistance has aroused the concern of the failure of antibiotic treatment. OBJECTIVES: To determine the distribution of the bacterial isolates of HAP and VAP, their antimicrobial resistance patterns, and impact of discordant antibiotic therapy on clinical outcome in Asian countries METHODS: A prospective surveillance study was conducted in 73 hospitals in 10 Asian countries from 2008-2009. A total of 2,554 cases with HAP or VAP in adults were enrolled and 2,445 bacterial isolates were collected from 1,897 cases. Clinical characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles were analyzed. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: Major bacterial isolates from HAP and VAP cases in Asian countries were Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Imipenem resistance rates of Acinetobacter and P. aeruginosa were 67.3% and 27.2%, respectively. Multidrug-resistant rates were 82% and 42.8%, and extensively drug-resistant rates were 51.1% and 4.9%. Multidrug-resistant rate of K. pneumoniae was 44.7%. Oxacillin resistance rate of S. aureus was 82.1%. All-cause mortality rate was 38.9%. Discordant initial empirical antimicrobial therapy increased the likelihood of pneumonia-related mortality (odds ratio, 1.542; 95% confidence interval, 1.127-2.110). CONCLUSIONS: Acinetobacter spp., P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and K. pneumoniae are the most frequent isolates from adults with HAP or VAP in Asian countries. These isolates are highly resistant to major antimicrobial agents, which could limit the therapeutic options in the clinical practice. Discordant initial empirical antimicrobial therapy significantly increases the likelihood of pneumonia-related mortality.
  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 184(12):1409-17.