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ABSTRACT: Measurement of cerebral volume and surface area using magnetic resonance (MR) image is effective for quantitative diagnosis of cerebral diseases. The measurement should require a brain segmentation process. Although many approaches for adult brain have been studied, there are few studies for neonatal brain. This study proposes a brain segmentation method for neonatal brain. Based on system of systems engineering technology, the proposed approach is composed from two systems; automated fuzzy logic based skull striping (AFSS) system and contour shape based modeling (CSM) system. AFSS segments the cerebral region based on Bayesian classification with Gaussian mixture model. CSM evaluates the skull stripping result of AFSS, and updates AFSS system parameters. Experimental results in 34 neonates (revised age between -2 weeks 1 day and 2 years 5 months) showed that the proposed approach segmented the brain region with sensitivity of 98.1% and false-positive rate of 27.9%.
System of Systems Engineering (SoSE), 2011 6th International Conference on; 07/2011
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ABSTRACT: Both burden of human and performance of sensing technology should be carefully considered in bioinstrumentation. The article proposes the ideas of invasion, intrusion, and consciousness in biomedical sensing to improve its comfort and performance. Consideration of the three concepts is very important to realize burden-reduction of human. They also save sensing accuracy when sensing targets and sensor heads are influenced by invasion, intrusion, or consciousness during sensing. Realizing noninvasive, nonintrusive, and unconscious sensing requires solutions against uncertainty in sensory signals and estimation models. Sensory signals from these sensing methods might superimpose various types of signals besides target one. Target signals would be appropriately extracted by the causal analysis-based model. Case studies were investigated by considering the method and experimental results were reported in the article.
Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ), 2011 IEEE International Conference on; 07/2011
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ABSTRACT: This paper describes an effective system of selecting most suitable rasp for the patients. We suggest the ultrasonic system with a single ultrasonic probe. Firstly, we make a knock to the upper point of the rasp inserted with a hammer which has the trigger signals. We detected the acoustic signals with the knocking signals. An ultrasonic probe is fixed in the upper side of the rasp with a built-in magnet. A personal computer got the acoustic data. In the surgery, the surgeon tries to adapt for the patient from the small size rasp to the larger size rasp in turn. There is a correlation between the degree of tightening and the attenuation time of acoustic signal for the knocked sound by a hammer when inserting the rasp. The higher tightened degree implies shorter attenuation period. At the present time, the surgeon's experience chooses the suitable rasp. Therefore, we suggest the rasp determination system which selects the suitable rasp by fuzzy inference which dynamically corresponds for each patient. As the result, we successfully determined the suitable rasp in comparison to the results obtained from the practical surgery. We could indicate the indexes in order to judge how degree the rasp fits in the clinical treatment.
Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ), 2011 IEEE International Conference on; 07/2011
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ABSTRACT: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and knee osteoarthritis are well-known injuries of the knee joint, and pivot shift is a symptom of the ACL injury. Today, to diagnose the pivot shift phenomenon, the manual testing is examined for the early diagnosis, however, it should be affected by inter- and intra observer variability. This article proposes a novel system for detecting and quantifying the pivot shift phenomenon during pivot-shift testing using inertial and magnetic composite micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) sensor. The system estimated 3-D acceleration vector caused by the pivot shift phenomenon using wavelet transform. The experimental results indicated that the pivot shift phenomenon was detected and quantified. And, there are correlation between the maximum acceleration of the knee movement at the pivot shift and the conventional evaluation by assessors.
Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology (ICETET), 2010 3rd International Conference on; 12/2010
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ABSTRACT: This paper describes a trans-skull ultrasonic system that measures the blood flow velocity through the brain's blood vessel under skull. In this system, we use an ultrasonic array probe with the center frequency of 1.0MHz. The system determines the blood flow by Doppler effect. This Doppler effect is examined by the center of gravity shift in the frequency domain. We test the system in the condition of the water flow in silicon tube under the cow scapula. The experimental result shows that the system detects the flow velocity by Doppler effect and confirms the usefulness of the method under skull.
Systems Man and Cybernetics (SMC), 2010 IEEE International Conference on; 11/2010
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ABSTRACT: Quantitative diagnosis of the knee joint dynamics is required to decrease the inner- and intra-observer variability. This paper proposes a noninvasive, unconstrained and free field of measurement system of 3 degree-of-freedom knee joint angles. The proposed system employs a compound sensor of inertial and magnetic sensors. Based on a rigid-body link model, the proposed method enables a measurement system. The experimental results showed that the proposed method estimated the flexion of knee joint angle with a mean displacement of 1.3 deg.
Systems Man and Cybernetics (SMC), 2010 IEEE International Conference on; 11/2010
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ABSTRACT: Analyzing knee kinematics of implanted knee after Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is affective approach in the research area of orthopaedics. There are some studies based on 2-D/3-D image registration of 2-D fluoroscopy images and 3-D geometric model. However, these conventional studies are designed for still statics image analysis, and there are a few studies for dynamic image of continuously knee movement. In addition, the another problem are to fall into local maxima in high-dimensional search space, and not to consider continuous knee movement. This paper proposes an analysis method of the continuous implanted knee kinematics based on Particle Filter. The proposed method estimates 3-D pose position of the implanted knee joint using 2-D/3-D image registration based on Particle filter. Particle filter is able to estimate optimal solution from multiple candidate pose position. The experimental results showed that the proposed method analyzed the continuous movement of the knee joint and estimated the knee joint angles.
World Automation Congress (WAC), 2010; 10/2010
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ABSTRACT: Cortical dysplasia is a congenital anomaly of cerebral cortex. It accompanies considerable number of pediatric intractable epilepsy patients. Therefore, it is very effective to detect cortical dysplasia lesions and to estimate dysplasia degree quantitatively in pediatric brain MR images for planning treatment. However, image features on the pediatric brain MR images of cortical dysplasia aren't clarified. This paper proposed the estimation method using intensity profile by detecting cortical dysplasia in pediatric brain MR images. The experimental results for three subjects with cortical dysplasia showed that the proposed method detected cortical dysplasia lesions with a mean sensitivity of 90.9 %, a mean specificity of 93.1 %, and a mean efficiency of 92.0%.
World Automation Congress (WAC), 2010; 10/2010
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ABSTRACT: This paper describes soft computing identification methods for cellular quantity of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in artificial culture bones. We attempt to identify cellular quantity with an ultrasonic system and approaches of a neural network and a fuzzy inference. We employ two features; amplitude and frequency. Amplitude is obtained from the raw ultrasonic wave, and frequency is calculated from frequency spectrum obtained by applying cross-spectrum method. A comparison was done with the multi regression method. The neural network approach identifies the cellular quantity with the highest accuracy.
Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ), 2010 IEEE International Conference on; 08/2010
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ABSTRACT: Automated morphometric analysis using human brain magnetic resonance (MR) images is an effective approach to investigate the morphological changes of the brain. However, even though many methods for adult brain have been studied, there are few studies for infantile brain. Same as the adult brain, it is effective to measure cerebral surface and for quantitative diagnosis of neonatal and infantile brain diseases. This article proposes a skull stripping method that can be applied to the neonatal and infantile brain. The proposed method can be applied to both of T1 weighted and T2 weighted MR images. First, the proposed method estimates intensity distribution of white matter, gray matter, cerebrospinal fluid, fat, and others using a priori knowledge based Bayesian classification with Gaussian mixture model. The priori knowledge is embedded by representing them with fuzzy membership functions. Second, the proposed method optimizes the whole brain by using fuzzy active surface model, which evaluates the deforming model with fuzzy rules. The proposed method was applied to 26 neonatal and infantile subjects between -4 weeks and 4 years 1 month old. The results showed that the proposed method stripped skull well from any neonatal and infantile MR images.
Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ), 2010 IEEE International Conference on; 08/2010
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ABSTRACT: In this paper, we propose a trans-skull imaging system of the human brain using an ultrasonic array probe. In it, we employ a cow scapula imitated to human skull and a steel with ditches imitated to cerebral sulci. We scan the phantom consisting of the bone and steel ditches by a 32 channel array probe and obtain the B-mode image. From the B-mode image, we extracted the bone thickness by fuzzy inference, and visualize the ditches by filtering techniques. Experimental result shows that the mean error of bone thickness is less than 1 mm and that the mean errors of the ditch width and depth are 6.9 mm and 2.8 mm, respectively.
Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2009. SMC 2009. IEEE International Conference on; 11/2009
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ABSTRACT: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an orthopedic surgery which replaces the damaged knee joint with the artificial one. To diagnose the function of the implanted knee joint, it is effective to estimate 3-D knee kinematics in vivo. There are some conventional methods for estimating kinematics of the implanted knee using 2-D/3-D image registration for X-ray fluoroscopic images and 3-D geometrical models of the knee implant. However, these methods are based on static image analysis although the knee joint continuously moves. This paper proposes an analysis method of the knee kinematics using digital radiography images with Kalman filter. Use of Kalman filter enables us to take into account the continuous knee movement. The experimental results showed that the proposed method estimated the knee joint angles within a mean error of 0.31 deg.
Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2009. SMC 2009. IEEE International Conference on; 11/2009
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ABSTRACT: The brain shape is deformed regionally by kinds of cerebral diseases and the degree of progress. Therefore quantitative evaluation of the deformation using MR images is effective for diagnosis of cerebral diseases. To evaluate the cerebral deformation, almost conventional methods are based on normalization of the brain shape which deforms the evaluating brain into the standardized brain. Because the normalization process does not take into account anatomical features such as the cerebral sulci and gyri, in some cases the normalization process produces that one sulcus of the evaluating brain miss-corresponds to the other sulcus of the standardized brain. This paper proposes a homologous brain shape modeling method for quantitative evaluation of the brain shape in MR images. We define a new image feature called sulcal-distribution index (SDI) to represent the 3-D distribution of sulci, and the proposed method deforms a template brain model so that SDI of the deformed brain model calculated from the evaluating brain MR images is similar to SDI of the template brain model. By using SDI, the proposed method can take into account anatomical features of the cerebral sulci. The experimental results showed that the proposed method homologically modeled the brain shape with a mean displacement of 1.3 mm.
Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2009. SMC 2009. IEEE International Conference on; 11/2009
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ABSTRACT: Recently, the increase of care burden due to the increase of number of the elderly dementia patients is a matter of concern in Japan. However, dementia of the elderly tends to be wrongly recognized as the effect of aging, and there are many cases in which early detection are difficult. In this paper, we focus on the cognitive impairment as one of the core symptoms of dementia, and propose the fuzzy estimation system to detect the level of dementia through monitoring the participants' sleep using air pressure and ultrasonic sensor systems which were developed by our laboratory. As a result of applying this method to twenty-three women in a nursing home, we could confirm the high correlation between the degree of dementia and the truth value, the score of Revised Hasegawa's dementia scale.
Fuzzy Systems, 2009. FUZZ-IEEE 2009. IEEE International Conference on; 09/2009
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ABSTRACT: This paper describes a method for a respiratory rate monitoring system by an air pressure sensor. By using this sensor, we propose a detection method of a respiratory rate for human in bed by fuzzy logic. Our method was examined on four healthy volunteers. We successfully detected the respiratory rate and the time of apnea state. In our method, fuzzy logic plays a primary role in the detection of respiratory points. The experimental results showed that the error ratio of respiratory rate was 1.3% and the error of time of apnea state was 1.1 seconds. Consequently, this system can noninvasively detect the respiratory rate and the time of apnea state by using an unconstrained device.
Fuzzy Systems, 2009. FUZZ-IEEE 2009. IEEE International Conference on; 09/2009
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ABSTRACT: Cerebral surface extraction plays a fundamental role of computer aided diagnosis (CAD) for neonatal brain magnetic resonance (MR) images. However, cerebral sulci of the neonatal brains is complexity folded, and it is difficult to extract complete cerebral contour from MR images due to the limitation of spatial resolution and partial volume effect (PVE). This paper proposes a novel method to extract the cerebral contour based on fuzzy thick rubber model (TRM). The TRM is deformed by using fuzzy control schemes so that the digitally synthesized MR images from the deforming TRM are identical to the given MR images. By synthesizing the MR images with respect to PVE, the proposed method is able to extract the cerebral contour with sub-voxel accuracy. The proposed method was applied to 7 subjects whose revised ages were from -17 days to 34 days. The root-mean-squared-error between the extracted contour and the manually delineated contour by two physicians was 1.09 plusmn 0.48 mm from the truth contour. And, to demonstrate the clinical effective, gyral index was calculated using the extracted cerebral contour.
Fuzzy Systems, 2009. FUZZ-IEEE 2009. IEEE International Conference on; 09/2009
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ABSTRACT: Knee kinematics in the every daily life or during the sports activities attracts the considerable attentions. Advances in micro electro mechanical system technologies produce many types of mobile sensors. This article introduces a system-of-systems (SoS) which estimates the knee kinematics by integrating MARG sensor and pressure sensor. Each sensor is with miniature size, low power consumption and wireless data transmission. The sensors measure the different signals simultaneously, and the intelligent data analysis system derives 3-degree-of-freedom knee joint angles and the knee joint moment by integrating the different kinds of signals. And, the present SoS can be applied to almost all activities in the daily life.
System of Systems Engineering, 2009. SoSE 2009. IEEE International Conference on; 07/2009
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ABSTRACT: This paper describes a system of systems for health care of elderly. The system consists of three systems: one is the system that detects heart rate and it provides the condition of autonomous nerve system. The second one is the system detecting respiration. Third one is the system detecting cough with phlegm to suction. In them we empty non-contacted three senors such as an ultrasonic oscillosensor touched to bed frame, an air pressure with an air tube in matress in bed and PCM Recorder with microphone. The system of systems can detect fundamental biosignals of heart rate, respiration and cough with phlegm to suction, and it provides the condition of primary biosignal of heart and respiration as well as autonomous nerve system.
System of Systems Engineering, 2009. SoSE 2009. IEEE International Conference on; 07/2009
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ABSTRACT: In this paper, we describe a human health management system scheme and its practical applications. Specifically, it focuses on health management, medical diagnosis, and surgical support system of systems engineering (SoSE). The application domains discussed here are broad and essential in health management and clinical practice. Firstly, we describe a system of systems (SoS) in human health management. Within it, a notion of health management is introduced and discussed from the viewpoint of SoS. Human health management is the first level of daily monitoring for a healthy human. Sensing and control technology during sleep are espectially focused on because the quality and quantity of sleep has considerable impact on health. Secondly, an SoS in medical diagnostic imaging is discussed. This section introduces a clinical usage of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner for the diagnosis of certain diseases. In it, there is a new system that consists of image processing system and expert medical knowledge system described by fuzzy logic. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the new system, applications to human brain magnetic resonance images and orthopedic kinematic analyses are introduced. Thirdly, we describe an SoS in medical ultrasonic surgery support device. This section introduces a novel ultrasonic support system for supporting crash bone orthopedic surgery.
IEEE Systems Journal 07/2009; · 0.92 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: There are various cerebral diseases that deform the cerebral shape with region specificity. So it is effective to quantify the deformation change of cerebral gyri. This study introduces new index called gyral deformation index (GDI) that is defined as a ratio of area of gyrus of interest to area of cerebrum in the defined projection plane. To calculate the gyral areas, this paper proposes a gyral labeling method in the projection plane using magnetic resonance images. The new method finds the boundaries between the gyri by optimizing deformable boundary models aided by fuzzy logic. The proposed method was applied to quantify the cerebral deformation of infants on a plane which is perpendicular to the longitudinal fissure. The comparison results with the manual delineation showed that the method labels gyri with a mean sensitivity of 92.8% and a mean false positive rate of 0.1% for 14 infantile subjects (3 weeks - 4 years 3 months old).
Multiple-Valued Logic, 2009. ISMVL '09. 39th International Symposium on; 06/2009
