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ABSTRACT: To establish a model of gastric precancerous lesion by using Aristolochic manshuriensis which contains aristolochic acids.
The SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control and three different doses of ethanol extractive of A. manshuriensis (EEA) (corresponding to aristolochic acid I 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 mg x kg(-1)), respectively. EEA was intragastrically given to rats every other day. At the end of the 10th, 15th, 20th week, part of the rats in each group was sacrificed and the stomachs were weighed. The gastric tumor was assessed by the weight and the relative stomach weight to the body weight. The stomachs were fixed in 4% neutral formalin, and the paraffin imbedding tissues were sliced and HE stained. Histomorphology was observed under the light microscope to determine gastric hyperplasia, mucosa precancerosis (atypical hyperplasia) and gastric cancer formation.
The rats treated with different doses of EEA for 10 weeks induced mucosa papillary, epithelioma hyperplasia. Histological observation showed mucosa precancerosis lesions characterized as atypical hyperplasia at the dose levels corresponding to aristolochic acid I 5.0 and 10.0 mg x kg(-1) treated for 10 weeks. The incidence rate of gastric precancerosis in those two groups was 100% at the 15th week. Malignant tumors were observed in most of the animals in 10.0 mg x kg(-1) group. The animals in 5.0 mg x kg(-1) group were well tolerant compared to 10.0 mg x kg(-1) group during the course of experiment, so the dose of aristolochic acid I 5.0 mg x kg(-1) and 10-15 weeks treatment were considered to be optimum to establish the model of gastric precancerosis.
A rat model of gastric precancerosis can be induced within a short duration by giving an oral administration of the ethanol extract of A. manshuriensis which contains aristolochic acids.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 01/2012; 37(1):89-93.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the substance basis and the mechanism of pseudoanaphylactoid reactions (PR) induced by Shuanghuanglian injection (SHLI).
(1)The study of PR and the substance basis of PR of SHLI: ICR mice were divided into different test groups, the mice were intravenously injected with solutions of different concentration of SHLI, baicalin, forsythin, caffeotannic acid, positive control Compound 48/80 and normal sodium. All test substances were mixed with 0.4% Evans blue. The reaction and vascular permeability of the ears were observed and measured 30 min after SHLI injection. (2) The study of mechanisms: Mice were pretreated with an oral administration of Astemizol, intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide 75 mg x kg(-1) or Compound 48/80 4 mg x kg(-1), then mice were intravenously injected with SHLI. At last, vascular permeability of the ears in pretreated groups was compared with SHLI treatment alone group.
SHLI of 300 mg x kg(-1) and 600 mg x kg(-1) caused obvious vascular hyperpermeability, but baicalin, forsythin and caffeotannic didn't cause vascular hyperpermeability in the ears. The Astemizol can decrease the degree of SHLI-induced vascular hyperpermeability of the ears in the mice. After intraperitoneal injected with cyclophosphamide, there was a slight decrease in the degree of SHLI-induced vascular hyperpermeability, but there was no marked changes in the degree of the SHLI-induced vascular hyperpermeability after the mice were pretreated with Compound 48/80.
SHLI in clinic equivalent dose can cause vascular hyperpermeability. Baicalin, forsythin and caffeotannic may not result in the PR of SHLI. The mechanism of the PR maybe relate to that SHLI stimulates histamine release, the activation of leucocyte maybe take part in the SHLI-induced PR, too. Antihistamine drug can prevent the genesis of PR which induced by SHLI.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 07/2011; 36(14):1865-9.
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ABSTRACT: To modify the empirical method of precision-cut liver slice technique, and study the hepatotoxicity of monocrotaline by this technique.
Liver slices were prepared by the domestic shaking slicer. The technique of precision-cut liver slice was established by detecting MTT reduction used as the slice viability under different culture medium, thickness of slices, pH and culture temperature. After monocrotaline and liver slices co-culture for 6, 24 h, the slice viability, enzyme activity of GPT, GOT, LDH, GGT and protein concentration were detected by MTT reduction, enzyme kinetics method and BCA protein assay method, respectively.
When the thickness of slices was 200 microm and pH of medium was 6.8, culture temperature was 37 degrees C, BPM culture medium, the viability of slices could maintain on a steady level. LDH leakage was significantly increased and protein content was obviously decreased after monocrotaline co-culture for 24 h with final concentration 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5 g x L(-1). No statistically significant difference between control group and monocrotaline 3 dose groups was observed in the slice viability and the content of GPT, GOT, LDH, GGT and protein after monocrotaline co-culture for 6 h.
The slice viability could retain 24 h in modified BPM medium surroundings; monocrotaline displayed liver toxicity in some degree after co-culture for 24 hours in 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5 g x L(-1) concentration.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 03/2011; 36(5):628-32.
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ABSTRACT: To establish a simple and feasible method of anaphylactoid test on awaked small animals for screening and assessing anaphylactoid reaction of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injection with different concentration of tween 80.
Test substances containing 0.4% Evans blue were intravenously injected into mice at volume of 20 mL x kg(-1) or guinea pigs at a volume of 30 mL x kg(-1). The behaviors were observed and the vascular permeability of ears evaluated by the extent of ear blue staining and absorbance of Evans blue extraction of ears were tested at 30 min after injection.
Tween 80 solution, Yuxingcao injection with tween 80, and Shuanghuanglian powder injection obviously increased vascular permeability of ears characterized as ear blue staining and increased absorbance of the Evans blue extract from ears extracted by acetone saline both in mice and in guinea pigs in a concentration-dependent (in the case of tween 80) or a dose-dependent (Shuanghuanglian) manner.
Ear vascular permeability test in mice and guinea pigs can be used as animal models to screen and test anaphylactoid reaction induced by injections.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 02/2011; 36(4):488-91.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the preclinical evaluation method of pseudoanaphylactoid reactions for Chinese herbal injections.
Beagle dogs were divided into control group (C), 0.5% tween 80 group (T), Yuxincao injection containing 0.5% tween 80 (YT), distilled solution from Yuxincao (Y). Various groups of Beagle dogs were given 3 mL x kg(-1) of the test articles intravenously. The anaphylactoid reactions were observed immediately, while blood pressure, respiratory frequencies and heart rates were tested at 10 min and 30 min after administration.
A variety of symptoms that range from cutaneous and mucosa signs to bronchospasma and cardiovascular collapse, including angioedema at lip, conjunctiva, ear and circumoral skin, somnolence, lethargy, breathless or dyspnea, severe hypotension etc were observed in T and TY groups from immediately post-injection to at least 30 min after administration. These reactions occurred at both first injection or repeated injections at 24 weeks intervals, manifesting that it was pseudoanaphylactoid reaction mediated by non-immune mechanisms.
Beagle dogs could be used as an animal model for preclinical evaluation of pseudoanaphylactoid reactions of Chinese herbal injection with sensitivity, reproducibility, and high clinic consistency.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 09/2010; 35(17):2328-33.
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ABSTRACT: To search new effective compounds, the different hemostatic effects of Flos Sophorae, Flos Sophorae Carbonisatus and principal constituent were observed.
Using the bleeding time (BT) and the recalcification time (RT) as the specificity indicators for the hematischesis function, the hemostatic effects of the following were observed. Flos Sophorae, Flos Sophorae Carbonisatus, characteristic value extraction thing A and B (SCE A and B) and the principal constituent after orally administered in normal rats in order to analyze the new hemostatic compounds.
Flos Sophorae, and Flos Sophorae Carbonisatus can obviously reduce BT and RT in rats, in which the effect of Carbonisatus is stronger than the crude. Otherwhile, SCE A and SCE B can also obviously reduce BT and RT in rats, in which the effects of SCE B surpassed those of SCE A. Furthermore, two characteristic compounds extracted from SCE B (kaikasaponin I called compound 1 and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside named called 2) and other nominated principal constituents (rutin, tannin), can obviously shorten BT and RT in rats, among which compound 2 is most superior.
The Flos Sophorae, Flos Sophorae Carbonisatus and their character compounds can shorten! the BT and RT in rats. The compound 2 from SCE B has the most superior effect. Study showed that compound 2 should be the new hemostatic compounds after Flos Sophorae carbonized. The results also indicated that the increase of hemostatic effect after Flos Sophorae carbonized should be related with the coordination of various kinds of ingredient.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 09/2010; 35(17):2346-9.
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ABSTRACT: By using RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line, we studied the dose-effect relationship of endotoxin induced RAW 264.7 cells to release TNF-alpha, and then detected the content of endotoxin in 8 kinds of injections, so that we can investigate the feasibility and the interference factors of the novel test.
By using endotoxin of different concentrations to induce RAW 264. 7 cells to release TNF-a, we drew the curve of dose-effect relationship between endotoxin and generated TNF-alpha. Then we detected the content of TNF-alpha in yuxingcao, shuanghuanglian, qingkailing, gegensu, xiangdan, qianrongmei and jiangxianmei injections and shuanghuanglian powder injection, and calculated their content of endotoxin.
The endotoxin could induce the cells to release TNF-alpha in a good dose-dependent manner, even at a very low concentration. In the range of maximum available dilution multiple, the content of endotoxin in the rest 7 kinds of injections was less than 1.0 EU x mL(-1) except qingkailing injection of two batch.
Cytokine revulsion has the advantage of wide detection range, high sensitivity, simple operation, and the detected endotoxin is of bioactivity. This method provides another technical mean for pyrogen test of injections.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 08/2010; 35(15):1965-9.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the characteristics, sensitizin and the mechanism of pseudo allergic reaction induced by Yuxingcao injection.
Beagle dogs were randomly assigned to control group, 0.5% tween 80 group, Yuxingcao injection without tween 80 group, Yuxingcao injection included 0.5% tween 80 group. The animals in control group were intravenously injected with saline. The other group were intravenously injected with the corresponding test substances. Observe pseudo anaphylaxis of Beagle dogs within 30 min after administration. Blood pressure and respiration rate of Beagle dogs were measured before and after injection drugs 10 min and 30 min respectively. The pseudo allergic reactions were scored at same time points, and the sera of animals were collected to determine the HIS, CH50 and C5b-9 concentration using ELISA.
The scores of allergic reaction in 0.5% tween 80 group and Yuxingcao injection included 0.5% tween 80 group was evidently higher than that in control group in 2-5 min after administration. Animals of above two groups showed the symptoms of red swelling on ear part, pruritus, throwing the head, nausea, lapping the tongue, dysphoria and bradykinesia. Some of them had behaved with repose, urination, defecation, cyanosis, the frequency of breathes accelerating and blood pressure decreasing. The rate of pseudo allergic reactions was 100%. Serum CH50 concentration of 0.5% tween 80 group decreased 10 min after injection, while C5b-9 concentration increased. No obvious differences were observed 30 min after injection. There was no significant difference in HIS concentration between control group and treatment groups.
The pseudo allergic reactions appeared after intravenous 0.5% tween 80 and Yuxingcao injection when mixed with tween 80. Furthermore, Yuxingcao injection without tween 80 did not induce pseudo allergic reactions. It was suggested that the pseudo allergic reactions of Yu Xing Cao Injection was related to the cosolvent tween 80. The pseudo allergic reactions of tween 80 may relate to the activation of complement.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 06/2010; 35(12):1603-6.
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ABSTRACT: To detect content of bacterial endotoxin in Yuxingcao and Qingkailing injections by specific and nonspecific tachypleus amebocyte lysate technique for in order to investigate the feasibility of specific tachypleus amebocyte lysate technique for detecting bacterial endotoxin in traditional Chinese drug injections.
Different batches of Yuxingcao and Qingkailing injections were detected by specific and nonspecific tachypleus amebocyte lysate kits.
Yuxingcao injection could be detected by specific and nonspecific tachypleus amebocyte lysate technique, Whereas Qingkailing injection could be detected only by specific tachypleus amebocyte lysate.
Using specific tachypleus amebocyte lysate as a substitute for nonspecific tachypleus amebocyte lysate is an effective method for detecting content of bacterial endotoxin in Qingkailing injection.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 06/2010; 35(11):1405-9.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the characteristics of embryonic toxicity of Senecio scandens, its total alkaloid and Qianbai Biyanpian so that to provide guidance for the safety of medication during pregnancy.
Two hundred and twenty pregnant SD rats were divided into 11 groups: control group, positive group (cyclophosphamide 10 mg x kg(-1)). Water extract of S. scandens (doses: 7.5, 15.0, 30.0 g herb of S. scandens per kilogram body weight respectively). Qianbai Biyanpian and total alkaloid at the same doses levels with the water extract of S. scandens (doses were expressed as herb of S. scandens per kilogram body weight). The test articles were given to the pregnant rats by gavage from day 6 to day 15 of pregnancy. Body weight and the food consumption of pregnancy rats, and fetal weight and length were measured. The number of absorbed and dead embryos was recorded. Fetuses were examined in viscus and bones.
Weight and the food consumption of pregnancy rats in high-dose of Qianbai Biyanpian and total alkaloids decreased. All treatment groups had no significant change in the number of absorbed embryos, but the stillbirths were significantly increased in high-dose groups of water extract and total alkaloids as compared with control group. Bone deformities such as fontanel expanding, hypoplasia of parietal bone, occipital bone and cervical arch were observed. Rib abnormality could also be seen in some rats. All water extract of S. scandens, Qianbai Biyanpian and total alkaloid could cause the bone abnormalities, but the percentage of bone deformities of total alkaloids was the highest (up to 80%).
S. scandens and its total alkaloids, its formula Qianbai Biyanpian can cause rat skeletal deformities in fetuses when they were given during pregnancy. It is suggested that S. scandens and the product containing S. scandens should not be used during pregnancy.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 02/2010; 35(3):373-7.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the mercury cumulation following single dose or long-term use of Cinnabar to rats.
The Cinnabar which was used in the study contains 98% insoluble mercuric sulfide (HgS) and 21.5 mg x kg(-1) soluble mercuric compounds. Two separate experiments were performed: (1) Tweenty-eight fasting SD rats were orally given a single dose of Cinnabar at the dose of 0.8 g x kg(-1) and the other four rats were given ultra-filtrated water served as control group. Blood, livers, kidneys and brains of four rats were taken out at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 36 h respectively after treatment. Mercury quantity of each organ or blood sample was measured. (2) Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group and Cinnabar 0.1, 0.4, 0.8 g x kg(-1) groups, each group containing 5 females and 5 males. The rats were intra-gastrically treated with Cinnabar once a day for successively 90 days, while the control group was given ultra-filtrated water. Mercury contents in blood, livers, kidneys and brain of each rat were measured at 16 h of fasting after last dosing.
Mercury contents of blood, liver, kidney and brain increased slightly after single dosing of Cinnabar at dose of 0.8 g x kg(-1), with the order from high to low liver > blood > brain > kidney. Whereas 90-day oral treatment of Cinnabar led to significant cumulation of mercury in organs but not in blood. Kidney' s cumulation of mercury was much higher than any other tested organs and blood. Brain's mercury cumulation was also very high. The contents of mercury in kidney and brain of 0.8 g x kg(-1) group (total intake of soluble mercury within 90 days was 1 548 microg x kg(-1)) were respectively 71.2 and 27.4 times higher than control group. Even though in the lowest dose 0.1 g x kg(-1) group (total intake of soluble mercury 194 microg? kg(-1)), the mercury cumulation folds in kidney and brain were 16.77 and 20.43 respectively. However, liver got lower mercury cumulation than kidney and brain, which led to only 2 folds mercury cumulation at dose of 0.8 g x kg(-1). Our previous study showed that 90-day administration of Cinnabar at the dose > or = 0.1 g x kg(-1) (total intake of soluble mercury 194 microg x kg(-1)) could cause pathological changes in kidney and liver, indicating both were the toxicity targets for Cinnabar. Those manifested that liver could be more sensitive than kidney to mercury. Though brain got 20 times mercury cumulation after 90 day treatment, the animals showed no abnormal signs in general behavior and brain histomorphology,which indicated that rat brain was not sensitive to mercury.
Soluble mercury in Cinnabar can be absorbed causing high cumulated in some organs, such as kidney and brain after long-term use of Cinnabar. Liver had also mercury cumulation, but was much lower than kidney. Total intake of soluble mercury for > or = 194 microg x kg(-1) within 90 days could cause toxicosis by mercury cumulation.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 12/2009; 34(23):3068-72.
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ABSTRACT: To observe the effect of Cinnabaris on mouse embryos after pregnant mice were treated by Cinnabaris in different periods of pregnancy.
Two separate experiments were performed: First, Cinnabaris was orally given into pregnant mice at the doses of 0.08, 0.4, 4.0 g x kg(-1) from D6 to D19 after pregnancy; Second, Cinnabaris was orally given into mice at the same doses mentioned above from D14 prior to pregnancy until D19 after pregnancy. All animals were sacrificed on D 20 of pregnancy by caesarean section. The numbers of survival, dead and absorbed fetuses were calculated and the survival fetus weight was measured. The survival fetuses were treated by two methods: One third survival fetuses were fixed and stained by Bouin solution for organ examination and the remaining two thirds fetuses were stained for skeleton examination.
No obvious embryo toxicity was observed in the first experiment at Cinnabaris dose levels of 0.08, 0.4, or 4 g x kg(-1) x d(-1). There was no significant effect on embryonic development and the numbers of the survival, dead and absorbed fetus. No obvious malformations on appearance, organ, and skeleton examination of fetuses were found. The second experiment showed that the rates of abortion and absorbed fetus in 0.4, 4 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) Cinnabaris group were higher but without statistical significance compared with control group. Appearance and organ examination of Cinnabaris groups fetus showed no obvious malformation, but skeleton malformation was found in 0.4, 4 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) groups (the rates of skeleton malformation were 46.7% and 77.8%, respectively).
No obvious embryonic development toxicity was observed when Cinnabaris was orally given in intermediate and late pregnant period, but the embryos in the early stage of pregnancy was more sensitive to Cinnabaris. When Cinnabaris was given prior to pregnancy until the whole period of pregnancy, it may be harmful for the fetuses at above the dose level 0.08 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) (equivalent to 5 times clinical intake dose), both in a dose-dependent manner.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 11/2009; 34(21):2794-8.
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ABSTRACT: To explore the interaction between herbal medicines and western drugs based on CYP3A4 enzyme metabolism by using testotesrone as a probe in liver microsome metabolism system in vitro.
The mixed liver microsome enzymatic system consisting of rat liver microsomes by ultra-high-speed centrifuge was established. The substrate testosterone was added into the system and enzyme CYP3A4 metabolic activity was expressed by the output of 6beta-hydroxy-testosterone which was measured by HPLC method. The proper conditions for testotesrone metabolism in liver microsome system included substrate concentration, incubation time, pH and incubation temperature. When the conditions in vitro were determined, three kinds of Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients (Tetrahydropalmatine, neferine, panax notoginseng saponins) were diluted into different concentrations and incubated with testotesrone in the liver microsomes incubation system, respectively. The results were measured through metabolite production with or without the presence of Chinese medicines. We assessed the Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients effect on the metabolism of CYP3A4 enzyme through 6beta-hydroxy metabolite of testosterone production.
Liver microsomes were incubated in the system, the testosterone metabolited into 6beta-hydroxy testosterone. The metabolism conditions were proper at the concentration of testosterone 200 micromol x L(-1) which was incubated for 3.5 hours at 37 degrees C in pH 7.0, PBS 0.1 mol x L(-1). The inhibition of tetrahydropalmatine and panax notoginseng saponins on testotesrone were weak with IC50 > 100 micromol x L(-1). The neferine had a little inhibition on testotesrone metabolism, IC50 < 100 micromol L(-1).
Tetrahydropalmatine and panax notoginseng saponins had no obvious effect on testotesrone metabolism. Neferine had a little effect on testotesrone metabolism. It prompted that drug-interaction could not be apparent between two kinds of Chinese medicines and the CYP3A4 enzyme substrate, Neferine could bring about drug-interaction.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 07/2009; 34(13):1705-11.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the anti-thrombosis effect and its mechanism of Qingkailing injection (QKL).
SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and QKL 2.5, 5.0, 10 groups. QKL were given (i.p.) to rats once a day for successively 4 days. The rats in all groups but control were pretreated with carrageenin (Ca) i.p. at 16 h before the last dose of QKL and followed by intravenous injection of endotoxin ( LPS fom E. coli O111:B4) 50 microg x kg(-1) 30 min after the last dosing of QKL. Thrombosis in rat tails were observed at 24 h after injection of LPS. The number of white blood cells and platelets, serum TNF-alpha, IL-6 level, CD11b/CD18 expression of white blood cells and platelet aggregation were analysed.
QKL obviously inhibited the LPS/Ca-induced thrombosis as showed a reduced infarction range due to thrombosis in tails. The sera concentration of TNF-alpha and IL-6, expression of CD11b/CD18 in WBC and platelet coagulation rate were reduced after QKL treatment.
The anti-thrombosis action of QKL is associated with inhibition of WBC activation and adherence, reduction of inflammatory factor release and abating of platelet coagulation rate. The anti-thrombosis mechanism of QKL is consistent with its function of clearing away heat-evil and toxic materials.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 06/2009; 34(12):1549-52.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity of cinnabar to provide the scientific basis for safe uses in clinic.
Maximally tolerated dose of cinnabar (MTD) was tested by single oral administration. Chronic toxicity of cinnabar at different dose level (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.4, 0.8 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) corresponding to 1/2, 1, 2, 8, 16 times of clinic doses of cinnabar was investigated. The rats were treated with the cinnabar through oral administration once a day for successive 90 days. Urinary qualitative test, blood routine examination, serum chemistry measurement and histomorphologic observation were conducted at day 30, 60 and 90. Toxic changes related to the treatment of cinnabar and no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) were evaluated.
For the content of 98.1% total Hg and 21.5 microg x g(-1) absoluble Hg, MTD of cinnabar with oral administration was 24 g x kg(-1) (corresponding to 516 microg x kg(-1) absoluble Hg), equivalent to 3,000 times of clinical daily dose for an adult, and no obvious adverse effect was showed at this dose. Cinnabar can cause kidney and liver pathological changes when it is repeatedly administrated for over 30 days. The kidney was more sensitive to cinnabar than liver. Based on repeated dose toxicity study, NOAELs were 0.1, 0.05 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) respectively for 30 day and 90 day treatment, and those were approximately accumulative intake of absoluble Hg 64.5 microg x kg(-1) and 96.76 microg x kg(-1). Thus, for safe use of cinnabar, the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of cinnabar was 0.0009-0.0017 g x kg(-1) x d(-1), namely daily dose 0.05-0.1 g for an adult with body weight about 60 kg. Considering the difference of drug sensitivity and lifecircle between human and rats, we suggest that cinnabar which contains absoluble Hg < or = 21 microg x g(-1) should be used for no longer than 2 weeks at daily dose 0.05-0.1 g.
Long term use of cinnabar can cause kidney and liver pathological change, so the dose and administration duration should be limited. The suggestion is as follows: cinnabar which contains absoluble Hg < or = 21 microg x g(-1) should be used less than 2 weeks at the daily dose below 0.05-0.1 g.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 03/2009; 34(3):312-8.
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ABSTRACT: To compare the sensitivity of Brown Norway rats (BN) with Guinea pigs (GP) as allergen assessment animal models.
BN rats and GP were randomly assigned to 1 control group, 2 Bovine serum albumin group (BSA), respectively. Animals in BSA groups of BN rats and GPs were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of 0.6% BSA 1 ml on day 1, 3, 5, respectively, and irritated by intravenous injection of 2.4% BSA 1 ml on day 7 and day 14 after the last sensitization, while the same volume of normal saline was given to control group on each time point mentioned above. The allergic reactions were scored within 1 h after each irritation treatment, and the sera of both BN rats and GPs were collected to detect IgE concentration by using ELISA. The sera were also applied for passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test (PCA test) in SD rats.
No obvious allergic reactions were observed in BSA group of GPs after each irritation treat, however, the score of allergic response in BSA group of BN rats was evidently higher than that in control group after first irritation. PCA test by using sera from BSA group of BN rats after both irritations showed the strong positive result characterized as large amount of subcutaneous effusions of Evans blue in SD rats, however, the sera from BSA group of GP were negative in PCA test. Serum IgE concentration did not increase after each irritation in BSA group of both BN rats and GP.
BN rats were more sensitive than GPs on initiative systemic anaphylaxis test and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test. Meanwhile, BN rats has an advantage in experimental treatment compared with Guinea pigs.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 03/2009; 34(4):472-5.
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ABSTRACT: By studying the literatures on the adverse reaction of Yuxingcao injection, the clinical features of ADR were summed up, and the causes of ADR were analyzed through raw material, technology, chemical composition, compatibility and the clinical usage. The causes of ADR induced by Yuxingcao injection are complicated, maybe both due to the medicine itself and the incorrect clinical usage. Multi-measures including manufacture, techniques, clinical usage and some other cases should be taken to prevent the occurrence of adverse reaction of Yuxingcao injection.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 12/2008; 33(21):2439-42.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the effect of cytochrome P450 isozymes on aristolochic acid induced cytotoxicity on renal proximal tubular epithelial cell (cell line HK-2).
Human renal tubular cells (cell line HK-2), were treated with aristolochic acid (AA) alone or in combination with cytochrome P450 isozymes inhibitors, including alpha-naphthoflavone (CYP450 1A1 and 1 A2 inhibitors), ketoconazole (CYP450 3A4 inhibitor), sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (CYP450 2A6 and 2E1 inhibitors), quinidine (CYP450 2D inhibitor), alpha-lipoic acid (NADPH: P450 reductase inhibitor), sulfaphenazole (CYP450 2C inhibitor) in the presence or absence of liver microsome(S9). The inhibition of cell proliferation rate was studied by MTT assay and the lactate dehydrogenase release rate was determined with continuous monitoring method.
AA inhibits cell proliferation and promotes the release of LDH over the range of 12.5-100 mg x L(-1), in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of S9 into the culture system reduced AA cytotoxicity, with the cell proliferation inhibition reducing and the release of LDH decreasing (AA + S9 group vs the same concentration of AA alone group, P < 0.05). In the absence of S9, ketoconazole or alpha-naphthoflavone has no obvious effect on AA cytotoxicity, however,under the conditions of adding S9, ketoconazole or alpha-naphthoflavone enhances AA cytotoxicity. Other inhibitors of CYP450 isozymes has no distinct effect on AA cytotoxicity.
The microsomal enzyme of Liver can reduce the AA cytotoxicity, and CYP450 3A, CYP450 1A may be the major cytochrome P450 isozymes which impact AA cytotoxicity.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 10/2008; 33(17):2164-9.
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ABSTRACT: To discuss the protective effect of Niuhuang Shangqing pills (NSP) on the experimental cerebral ischemia and the influence of blood rheology in animals.
Using the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), bilateral common carotid artery ligation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in combination with carrogeenin (Ca)-induced stagnation of blood model rats, we investigated the influence of NSP on the physical sign indexes, brain infarct size and the water content, the content of lactate(LD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and the blood rheology.
The 3.00, 1.50 g x kg(-1) dosage groups of NSP decreased the neurosigns indexes, significantly reduced the brain infarct areas in MCAO rats, decreased the brain water content, increased the activities of GPx and CAT, decreased the content of LD and MDA in bilateral common carotid artery ligation rats. They improved the blood rheology in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in combination with carrogeenin (Ca)-induced stagnation of blood model rats.
NSP has the function of protective effect on experimental experimental cerebral ischemia.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 06/2007; 32(10):943-8.
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ABSTRACT: To observe the effect of the crude extracts of Dan-shen root and San-qi of different proportion on platelet aggregation and adhesion in normal rabbits.
With rabbits, ig. (4d, exsanguinated via carotid artery, percentage of platelet aggregation and adhesion was measured.
Aspirin (4.4 mg/Kg) could markedly inhibit platelet aggregation and adhesion in normal rabbit. The proportions of Dan-shen root/San-qi (10:0, 10:1, 10:3, 10:6, 1:10) could markedly inhibit platelet aggregation, among which 10:3 was the best. San-qi alone had little effect on aggregation. The proportions of Dan-shen root/San-qi (10:3, 10:6, 0:10) could markedly inhibit platelet adhesion, among which 0:10 was the best, and the proportions(10:0, 10:1, 1:10) had little effect.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 09/2002; 27(8):609-11.
