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ABSTRACT: The sulcogyral pattern of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is characterized by a remarkable inter-individual variability that likely reflects neurobehavioral traits and genetic aspects of neurodevelopment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the OFC sulcogyral pattern of patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and healthy controls (HC) to determine group differences in OFC sulcogyral pattern as well as gender differences between groups.
Forty-seven SZ patients (M/F, 23/24) and forty-seven HC (M/F, 17/30), matched on age and gender, were analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging. The sulcogyral pattern was classified into type I, II, or III based on the guidelines set by Chiavaras and Petrides in a previous paper. Chi-squared analysis was used to investigate group and gender differences in the sulcogyral pattern distribution, and categorical regression was used to explore clinical correlations.
The distribution of OFC sulcogyral pattern in HC replicated the results found in the previous study (left, χ(2) = 0.02, P = 0.989; right, χ(2) = 0.97, P = 0.616), in that there were no gender differences. Moreover, the distribution in SZ-M was in accordance with that in the previous study (left, χ(2) = 1.59, P = 0.451; right, χ(2) = 0.14, P = 0.933). Additionally, within SZ-M, patients with the type III pattern had a higher total positive and negative syndrome scale score (β = 0.902, F = 14.75, P = 0.001). In contrast, the distribution in the right hemisphere in the SZ-F group differed significantly from that observed in SZ-M (χ(2) = 6.017, P = 0.046), but did not differ from HC (χ(2) = 2.557, P = 0.110).
OFC sulcogyral pattern is altered in SZ-M but not in SZ-F, possibly reflecting gender differences in early neurodevelopment.
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 08/2011; 65(5):483-9. · 2.13 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Although recent studies suggest abnormalities of the cerebral cortex, limbic structures, and brain stem regions in panic disorder (PD), the extent to which the midbrain is associated with PD pathophysiology is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate structural abnormalities of the midbrain using magnetic resonance imaging and to determine if there is a clinical correlation between midbrain volume and clinical measurements in patients with PD.
Thirty-eight patients with PD (PD group) and 38 healthy controls (HC group) participated in this study. The midbrain was measured with a manual tracing method with high spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging. The Panic Disorder Severity Scale and Global Assessment of Functioning were used to examine the correlation between volume abnormality and clinical symptoms and functioning in the PD group.
Relative midbrain volume was larger in the PD group than in the HC group. The relative volume of the dorsal midbrain was larger in the PD group, while the volume of the ventral midbrain was not. We found a significant positive correlation between relative dorsal midbrain volume and total Panic Disorder Severity Scale score, and a significant negative correlation between relative dorsal midbrain volume and Global Assessment of Functioning score in the PD group.
Our findings suggest that the dorsal midbrain is associated with PD pathophysiology. The midbrain volume increase may reflect PD severity.
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 06/2011; 65(4):365-73. · 2.13 Impact Factor
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Biological Psychiatry 04/2011; 127(1-3):268-9. · 8.28 Impact Factor
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Tomohide Roppongi,
Motoaki Nakamura,
Takeshi Asami,
Fumi Hayano,
Tatsui Otsuka,
Kumi Uehara,
Akiko Fujiwara,
Takashi Saeki,
Shunsuke Hayasaka, Takeshi Yoshida,
Reina Shimizu,
Tomio Inoue,
Yoshio Hirayasu
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ABSTRACT: The posterior region of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), which forms its sulcogyral pattern during neurodevelopment, receives multisensory inputs. The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between posterior OFC sulcogyral pattern and OFC volume difference in patients with panic disorder.
The anatomical pattern of the posterior orbital sulcus (POS) was classified into three subtypes (absent POS, single POS, double POS) using 3-D high-spatial resolution magnetic resonance images obtained from 28 patients with panic disorder and 28 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was performed to assess OFC volume differences between the two groups by subtype. Categorical regression analysis was applied to examine the association of POS subtypes with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Revised Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory scores.
No significant difference was found in POS subtype distribution between control subjects and patients with panic disorder. VBM, however, indicated volume reduction in the right posterior-medial OFC region in panic disorder patients with absent POS and single POS. Single POS was positively associated with Trait-Anxiety (beta = 0.446, F = 6.409, P = 0.020), and absent POS was negatively associated with Trait-Anxiety (beta = -0.394, F = 5.341, P = 0.032) and Neuroticism trait (beta = -0.492, F = 6.989, P = 0.017).
POS subtypes may be relevant to volume reduction in OFC and the anxiety trait in patients with panic disorder. These findings suggest that volume reduction in OFC in panic disorder may be associated with neurodevelopment.
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 06/2010; 64(3):318-26. · 2.13 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A progressive post-onset decrease in gray matter volume 1.5 years after first hospitalization in schizophrenia has been shown in superior temporal gyrus (STG). However, it is still controversial whether progressive volume reduction occurs in chronic schizophrenia in the STG and amygdala-hippocampal complex (AHC), structures found to be abnormal in chronic schizophrenia. These structures were measured at two time points in 16 chronic schizophrenia patients and 20 normal comparison subjects using manual tracing with high spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Average interscan interval was 3.1 years for schizophrenia patients and 1.4 years for healthy comparison subjects. Cross-sectional comparisons showed smaller relative volumes in schizophrenia compared with controls in posterior STG and AHC. An ANCOVA with interscan interval as a covariate showed there was no statistically significant progression of volume reduction in either the STG or AHC in the schizophrenia group compared with normal subjects. In the schizophrenia group, volume change in the left anterior AHC significantly correlated with PANSS negative symptoms. These data, and separately reported first episode data from our laboratory, suggest marked progression at the initial stage of schizophrenia, but less in chronic schizophrenia.
Biological Psychiatry 07/2009; 113(1):84-94. · 8.28 Impact Factor
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Fumi Hayano phd,
phd Motoaki Nakamura md,
phd Takeshi Asami md,
Kumi Uehara md,
phd Takeshi Yoshida md,
Tomohide Roppongi md,
phd Tatsui Otsuka md,
phd Tomio Inoue md,
phd Yoshio Hirayasu md,
Fumi Hayano,
Motoaki Nakamura,
Takeshi Asami,
Kumi Uehara, Takeshi Yoshida,
Tomohide Roppongi,
Tatsui Otsuka,
Tomio Inoue,
Yoshio Hirayasu
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ABSTRACT: Aims: Anxiety a core feature of panic disorder, is linked to function of the amygdala. Volume alterations in the brain of patients with panic disorder have previously been reported, but there has been no report of amygdala volume association with anxiety.Methods: Volumes of hippocampus and amygdala were manually measured using magnetic resonance imaging obtained from 27 patients with panic disorder and 30 healthy comparison subjects. In addition the amygdala was focused on, applying small volume correction to optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM). State–Trait Anxiety Inventory and the NEO Personality Inventory Revised were also used to evaluate anxiety.Results: Amygdala volumes in both hemispheres were significantly smaller in patients with panic disorder compared with control subjects (left: t = −2.248, d.f. = 55, P = 0.029; right: t = −2.892, d.f. = 55, P = 0.005). VBM showed that structural alteration in the panic disorder group occurred on the corticomedial nuclear group within the right amygdala (coordinates [x,y,z (mm)]: [26,−6,−16], Z score = 3.92, family-wise error-corrected P = 0.002). The state anxiety was negatively correlated with the left amygdala volume in patients with panic disorder (r = −0.545, P = 0.016).Conclusions: These findings suggested that the smaller volume of the amygdala may be associated with anxiety in panic disorder. Of note, the smaller subregion in the amygdala estimated on VBM could correspond to the corticomedial nuclear group including the central nucleus, which may play a crucial role in panic attack.
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 05/2009; 63(3):266 - 276. · 2.13 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Superior temporal gyrus (STG) volume reduction is one of the most consistent findings in schizophrenia. The goal of this study was to conduct the first Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) study to investigate altered structural integrity in STG gray and white matter in patients with chronic schizophrenia compared with healthy controls.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DTI were acquired in 21 male patients with schizophrenia and 22 age-, handedness-, and parental social economic status-matched male comparison subjects. After manual segmentation of gray and white matter, mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy were measured within STG. Correlational analyses were also conducted to test possible associations between DTI and clinical measures, including positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Compared with controls, patients demonstrated reduced volume, bilaterally, in STG gray matter but not in white matter. For DTI measures, patients showed increased mean diffusivity, bilaterally, in STG gray matter, and in left STG white matter. In addition, mean diffusivity in left STG white matter showed statistically significant correlations with auditory hallucinations and attentional impairments in patients.
These findings suggest a disruption of tissue integrity in STG gray and white matter in schizophrenia. In addition, increased water diffusivity in left-side STG, which was associated with auditory hallucinations and attentional impairments, suggests the possibility of a disconnection among auditory/language processing regions in schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia Research 02/2009; 108(1-3):33-40. · 4.75 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Overall neocortical gray matter (NCGM) volume has not been studied in first-episode schizophrenia (FESZ) at first hospitalization or longitudinally to evaluate progression, nor has it been compared with first-episode affective psychosis (FEAFF).
Expectation-maximization/atlas-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tissue segmentation into gray matter, white matter (WM), or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at first hospitalization of 29 FESZ and 34 FEAFF, plus 36 matched healthy control subjects (HC), and, longitudinally approximately 1.5 years later, of 17 FESZ, 21 FEAFF, and 26 HC was done. Manual editing separated NCGM and its lobar parcellation, cerebral WM (CWM), lateral ventricles (LV), and sulcal CSF (SCSF).
At first hospitalization, FESZ and FEAFF showed smaller NCGM volumes and larger SCSF and LV than HC. Longitudinally, FESZ showed NCGM volume reduction (-1.7%), localized to frontal (-2.4%) and temporal (-2.6%) regions, and enlargement of SCSF (7.2%) and LV (10.4%). Poorer outcome was associated with these LV and NCGM changes. FEAFF showed longitudinal NCGM volume increases (3.6%) associated with lithium or valproate administration but without clinical correlations and regional localization.
Longitudinal NCGM volume reduction and CSF component enlargement in FESZ are compatible with post-onset progression. Longitudinal NCGM volume increase in FEAFF may reflect neurotrophic effects of mood stabilizers.
Biological Psychiatry 11/2007; 62(7):773-83. · 8.28 Impact Factor
