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Y Nakamura,
H Takeuchi,
K Okuyama, T Akashi,
Y Jojima,
O Konno,
I Akashi,
K Hama,
T Iwahori,
T Ashizawa,
T Hirano,
K Oka,
N Matsuno,
T Nagao
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ABSTRACT: The target blood concentrations of tacrolimus (TAC) and cyclosporine (CYA) during continuous intravenous infusion (C(ss)) have been determined based on clinical experience. However, it is desirable that C(ss) should be set so that the AUC after intravenous infusion is equal to the AUC after oral administration (AUC(po)). Accordingly, we performed 12-hour monitoring of blood concentrations to calculate C(ss) from the blood trough levels (C(TL)) on 15 kidney recipients administered TAC and 12 recipients administered CYA (Neoral). We used an area under the trough level (AUTL) as a new pharmacokinetic parameter. The C(ss) was evaluated from C(TL), AUC(po), and AUTL was calculated to be C(ss) = C(TL) x (AUC(po)/AUTL). In addition, AUTL/AUC(po) ratio and blood peak/trough level ratio (C(max)/C(min)) were examined to compare pharmacokinetics of TAC and CYA. The formula for TAC was C(ss) = C(TL) x 1.40 and that for CYA, C(ss) = C(TL) x 2.55. The calculated target C(ss) of TAC was 1.40 times that of C(TL), which was similar to the present clinical C(TL). In contrast, the calculated target C(ss) of CYA was 2.55 times the C(TL), and therefore an extremely high C(ss) was necessary to obtain a sufficient AUC that will be available after oral administration. Consequently, intravenous administration of CYA twice a day was considered to be more appropriate to obtain sufficient CYA pharmacokinetics, rather than a continuous intravenous administration. We conclude that the formula, C(ss) = C(TL) x (AUC(po)/AUTL) was useful to calculate the target blood concentration of calcineurin inhibitors when changing from continuous intravenous infusion to oral administration of these drugs.
Transplantation Proceedings 06/2005; 37(4):1725-7. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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Transplantation 04/2001; 71(5):659-60. · 4.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Cellular pharmacodynamics of cyclosporine (INN, cyclosporin) is considered to be closely implicated in clinical efficacy of the drug in kidney transplantation and other immunologic disorders. We applied this strategy to patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome to predict individual clinical efficacy of cyclosporine.
Drug sensitivity tests were carried out with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 31 patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. The 50% lymphocyte-mitosis inhibition of cyclosporine on in vitro blastogenesis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with concanavalin A were estimated, and interpatient variations of 50% lymphocyte-mitosis inhibition were evaluated. The relationship between cyclosporine-50% lymphocyte-mitosis inhibition and clinical outcomes indicated a decrease of urinary protein and the period required for complete remission under cyclosporine therapy was examined in 14 patients. We also evaluated the correlation between cyclosporine-50% lymphocyte-mitosis inhibition and interleukin-2 production and percentages of interleukin 2 receptor-positive peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.
Cyclosporine 50% lymphocyte-mitosis inhibition on peripheral blood mononuclear cell blastogenesis deviated largely between patients from 0.2 to 86.0 ng/mL. We found a statistically significant negative correlation between cyclosporine-50% lymphocyte-mitosis inhibition in vitro and decreasing rates of urinary protein at 1 week after onset of cyclosporine administration (r = -0.655, P < .02). When we arbitrarily divide the 14 patients who received cyclosporine therapy according to their median 50% lymphocyte-mitosis inhibition of cyclosporine into two groups, that is, a high-sensitivity group (50% lymphocyte-mitosis inhibition < 18.1 ng/mL, n = 6) and a low-sensitivity group (50% lymphocytemitosis inhibition > 18.1 ng/mL, n = 8), the period required for complete remission was significantly shorter in the high-sensitivity group (P < .03). The 50% lymphocyte-mitosis inhibition of cyclosporine on interleukin-2 production in culture medium was correlated with 50% lymphocyte-mitosis inhibition of the drug on peripheral blood mononuclear cell blastogenesis (r = 0.806, P < .02). Decreasing rates of interleukin-2R-positive cells by cyclosporine treatment in vitro were negatively correlated with peripheral blood mononuclear cells blastogenesis in the presence of the drug (r = -0.694, P < .02).
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell response to cyclosporine in vitro is closely related to clinical efficacy of the drug in minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell resistance to cyclosporine was correlated with ability of the cells to express interleukin 2 and interleukin 2R.
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 12/2000; 68(5):532-40. · 6.04 Impact Factor
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H Takeuchi,
T Hirano,
K Oka,
K Mizumoto, T Akashi,
E Sakurai,
T Degawa,
M Uchiyama,
K Kozaki,
N Matsuno,
T Nagao,
M Kozaki
Transplantation Proceedings 03/1998; 30(1):36-9. · 1.00 Impact Factor
