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You-Ning Liu,
Bin Cao,
Hui Wang,
Liang-An Chen,
Dan-Yang She,
Tie-Mei Zhao,
Zhi-Xin Liang,
Tie-Ying Sun,
Yan-Ming Li,
Zhao-Hui Tong, [......],
Jin Ren,
Yi Shi,
Wen-Kui Sun,
Yu-Lin Feng,
Hong Fan,
Shu-Juan Jiang,
Song Zhang, Sheng-Dao Xiong,
Peng Zuo,
Zhan-Wei Wang
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the etiology and clinical characteristics of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in China and to provide evidence for appropriate therapy.
We performed a prospective multicenter study in 13 Chinese urban tertiary hospitals. All HAP cases diagnosed at respiratory general ward and respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) from August 2008 to December 2010 were studied. Epidemiological data, etiology and clinical characteristics of enrolled patients were collected. Sputum or tracheal aspirate and blood cultures, Legionella antibodies and Streptococcus pneunoniae urinary antigen tests were performed. Bacteria to antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed.
A total of 610 cases of HAP were diagnosed during the study, with an overall incidence of 1.4% among 42 877 hospitalized patients, while the incidence was 0.9% (362/41 261) in respiratory general ward and 15.4% (248/1616) in RICU. 93.9% (573 cases) of patients had at least one underlying disease, and 91.0% (555 cases) had exposure to at least one antimicrobial agent within 90 days prior to HAP diagnosis. Pathogens were identified in 487 patients, with Acinetobacter baumannii [30.0% (183/610)], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [22.0% (134/610)], Staphylococcus aureus [13.4% (82/610)] and Klebsiella pneumonia [9.7% (59/610)] being the most common pathogens. Eighteen patients (3.0%) had infection with fastidious bacteria. A. baumannii and S. aureus were the more frequent pathogens in the ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) cases [50.5% (97/192) and 21.4% (41/192)] as compared to non-VAP cases [20.6% (86/418) and 9.8% (41/418), P < 0.01]. A. baumannii and S. aureus were also frequent pathogens in cases with a score of more than 20 by the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHEII) scoring [45.7% (69/151) and 20.5% (31/151)], as compared to cases with a score of less than 20 of APACHE II [24.8% (114/459) and 11.1% (51/459), P < 0.01]. A. baumannii showed high resistance rates to carbapenems [more than 70% (109/142)], and the susceptibility to cefoperazone/sulbactam, polymyxin B and tigecycline were 40.8% (58/142), 99.3% (141/142) and 95.8% (136/142) respectively. Resistance rates of P. aeruginosa to meropenem and imipenem were 48.8% (40/82) and 70.7% (58/82) respectively. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) accounted for 87.8% (43/49) in all strains of S. aureus. Mortality rate of VAP cases was 34.5% (61/177), significantly more than that of HAP patients [22.3% (135/605), P < 0.05]. The average hospital stay of patients with HAP was (23.8 ± 20.5) days, significantly more than that of the average for inpatients [(13.2 ± 13.6) days, P < 0.01] during the study period. Mean costs of HAP were (108 950 ± 116 608) yuan, significantly higher than the average hospital costs of respiratory inpatients (17 999 ± 33 364) yuan.
Among Chinese patients hospitalized in urban tertiary medical centers, HAP incidence and mortality rate were high, which increased the patients' hospital stay and the medical costs. Common pathogens were A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and K. pneumonia. The common bacteria of HAP in China showed high resistance rates to antibiotics.
Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases 10/2012; 35(10):739-46.
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You-Ning Liu,
Dan-Yang She,
Tie-Ying Sun,
Zhao-Hui Tong,
Bei He,
Yi Xiao,
Li-Xian He,
Jie-Ming Qu,
Xiao-Qing Liu,
Er-Ran Li,
Ping Chen,
Zhong-Sen Ma,
Yi Shi,
Yu-Lin Feng,
Shu-Juan Jiang, Sheng-Dao Xiong,
Cheng-Ping Hu
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the pathogens, clinical manifestations, prognosis of and the risk factors for pulmonary mycosis in China.
All cases of pulmonary mycosis from 16 centers in 10 cities from Jan. 1998 to Dec. 2007 that met the diagnostic criteria were included for clinical, microbiological and radiological analysis.
Totally 474 cases of pulmonary mycosis were retrieved. The top 5 pulmonary mycosis was pulmonary aspergillosis (180 cases, 37.9%), pulmonary candidiasis (162 cases, 34.2%), pulmonary cryptococcosis (74 cases, 15.6%), pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (23 cases, 4.8%) and pulmonary mucormycosis (10 cases, 2.1%). The constituent ratio in the last 3 years was similar to that in the former 7 years. The main pathogens of pulmonary candidiasis were Candida albicans (308/474, 65.0%) and Candida tropicalis (57/474, 12.0%), which were sensitive to common azoles. Compared with bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary mycosis showed more symptoms of hemoptysis (147/474, 31.0%) and pleural effusion (95/474, 20.0%), and less radiological specificity. Classical halo sign (4/474, 0.8%) and crescentic sign (17/474, 3.6%) were only shown in several cases of pulmonary mycosis. The most common underlying diseases were tumor (including solid tumor and malignant hematological diseases) (94/474, 19.8%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (52/474, 11.0%), pulmonary tuberculosis (50/474, 10.5%) and diabetes (48/474, 10.1%). Compared with the other common pulmonary mycosis, pulmonary cryptococcosis affected younger patients, and more cases were community-acquired, but fewer cases with underlining diseases or compromised immune function, and had a better prognosis.
The ahead five species of pulmonary mycosis in China were orderly pulmonary aspergillosis, pulmonary candidosis, pulmonary cryptococcosis, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and pulmonary mucormycosis. The main pathogens of pulmonary candidosis were Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis, which were sensitive to common azoles. Compared with the other common pulmonary mycosis, pulmonary cryptococcosis catch younger patients, had more community-acquired cases, and had better prognosis.
Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases 02/2011; 34(2):86-90.
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Jin-Ping Zheng,
Lan Yang,
Ya Mei Wu,
Ping Chen,
Zhong Guang Wen,
Wen-Jie Huang,
Yi Shi,
Chang-Zheng Wang,
Shao-Guang Huang,
Tie-ying Sun,
Guang-Fa Wang, Sheng-Dao Xiong,
Nan-Shan Zhong
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ABSTRACT: Few studies of the efficacy and safety of therapy with combinations of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate (SFCs) have been conducted in Chinese patients with COPD, and the benefits of combination therapy in nonsmoking patients with COPD are, to our knowledge, not known.
The aims were to establish the efficacy and tolerability of the therapy with SFC (salmeterol, 50 microg/fluticasone, 500 microg, twice daily) in the management of Chinese COPD patients and to investigate the effectiveness of SFC in nonsmokers with COPD.
This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study. Changes in prebronchodilator and postbronchodilator FEV(1), quality of life determined by the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) scores, relief bronchodilator use, nighttime awakenings, and frequency of exacerbations of COPD were measured in patients randomized to receive SFC (n = 297) or placebo (n = 148). Never-smokers, former smokers, and current smokers accounted for 11.7%, 66.7%, and 21.6%, respectively, of the study population.
After 24 weeks, the mean changes in prebronchodilator and postbronchodilator FEV(1) were 180 mL (95% confidence interval [CI], approximately 91 to 268; p < 0.001) and 65 mL (95% CI, approximately 14 to 115; p = 0.012), respectively, greater for the SFC group than that for the placebo group. The differences in response to treatment were significant (all p < 0.0001) in former or current smokers but not in never-smokers (p > 0.05). The mean improvement in the total SGRQ score for the SFC group was 5.74 (p < 0.01) greater than that for the placebo group. SFC significantly reduced the frequency of nighttime awakenings and the use of relief bronchodilator. The adjusted ratio of exacerbations of COPD for the SFC group relative to the placebo group was 0.61 (95% CI, approximately 0.45 to 0.84; p < 0.01). There were no significant differences between the SFC and placebo groups in safety measures.
SFC therapy achieved sustained improvement in lung function, quality of life, and control of symptoms, and was well tolerated in Chinese patients. Greater improvements in lung function were found only for COPD patients with a history of smoking. Trial registration: http://ctr.gsk.co.uk/Summary/fluticasone_salmeterol/studylist.asp Identifier: No. SCO100540.
Chest 12/2007; 132(6):1756-63. · 5.25 Impact Factor
