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H J Yoo,
S Y Hwang,
G J Cho,
H C Hong,
H Y Choi,
T G Hwang, S M Kim,
Matthias Blüher,
Byung-Soo Youn,
S H Baik,
K M Choi
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ABSTRACT: Context and Objective:Glypican-4 was identified as a novel adipokine capable of enhancing insulin signaling and modulating adipocyte differentiation. We investigated associations between glypican-4 and body composition, insulin resistance, arterial stiffness, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in non-diabetic Asian subjects.Design and Participants:We analyzed baseline cross-sectional data from the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study (KSOS), an ongoing prospective cohort study. NAFLD was diagnosed by unenhanced computed tomography using the liver attenuation index. We also examined the effects of a 3-month combined aerobic and resistance exercise program on glypican-4 levels and cardiometabolic risk factors.Results:Circulating glypican-4 levels were higher in men than in women (1.83 [1.19, 2.78] ng/ml vs. 1.17 [0.66, 2.00] ng/ml, P <0.001) and had a significant positive relationship with the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (r = 0.20, P = 0.014) and the ratio of visceral to subcutaneous fat area (VFA/SFA) (r = 0.30, P <0.001). Furthermore, glypican-4 levels in women were correlated with cardiometabolic risk factors including insulin resistance and arterial stiffness, and were independently associated with NAFLD by multiple logistic regression analysis (P = 0.017, R(2) = 0.33). The 3-month combined exercise training program significantly improved several cardiometabolic parameters and reduced retinol binding protein-4 levels. Changes in glypican-4 levels after the exercise program were significantly different between subjects with an increased WHR compared with those with a decreased WHR (P = 0.034).Conclusion:A gender-based difference in circulating glypican-4 levels was apparent as these were increased in women with NAFLD and related to body fat distribution, insulin resistance, and arterial stiffness.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 04/2013; · 6.50 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Evidence of the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and cardiovascular risk factors in children is limited. We investigated the associations between serum vitamin D levels (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]) and obesity and metabolic syndrome and its components in Korean children. METHODS AND RESULTS: We recruited 1660, nine-year-old, Korean children (904 boys and 756 girls) who voluntarily participated in this study while being examined during school-based health examinations. We measured anthropometric variables (height and weight), metabolic parameters (blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, and HDL cholesterol levels) and serum vitamin D levels. We analyzed the data using multivariate logistic regression models. Mean 25(OH)D levels were lower in children defined as obese or abdominally obese (P < 0.001). When serum levels of 25(OH)D were divided into quartiles, BMI, waist circumference, and triglyceride levels were lower, and HDL cholesterol levels were higher, as vitamin D levels increased. Using children from the highest quartile of 25(OH)D levels as a referent, the adjusted ORs (95% CI) for obesity in those in the third, second, and lowest quartiles of 25(OH)D levels were 1.55 (1.01-2.40), 1.87 (1.22-2.85), and 2.59 (1.71-3.90), respectively (P for trend <0.001). For abdominal obesity the ORs (CI) were 2.08 (1.20-3.60), 2.32 (1.36-3.95), and 2.96 (1.75-5.00) (P for trend<0.001), and for metabolic syndrome they were 2.60 (1.08-6.30), 4.00 (1.73-9.26), and 4.25 (1.84-9.85), respectively (P for trend <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We found low vitamin D levels in Korean children to be associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Insufficient serum vitamin D levels in children may be a risk factor of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases: NMCD 07/2012; · 3.52 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Lipocalin family proteins, including adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP), lipocalin-2 and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), have recently been identified as novel adipokines associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. We have evaluated the effect of exercise training on lipocalin family proteins and inflammatory markers.
Thirty obese Korean women and 15 age-matched nonobese control subjects were studied.
Concentrations of the lipocalin family proteins were compared between obese and nonobese women and were evaluated before and 3 months after an exercise programme consisting of aerobic exercise (45 min/session, 300 kcal/day) and muscle strength training (20 min/session, 100 kcal/day) five times a week.
Obese women exhibited higher A-FABP levels compared to nonobese women (21.4 +/- 6.4 microg/l vs. 13.6 +/- 4.4 microg/l, P < 0.001). However, neither lipocalin-2 nor RBP4 levels were significantly different between the two groups, although the difference in lipocalin-2 was marginally significant (P = 0.054). Circulating A-FABP levels were significantly associated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lipocalin-2 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels. After 3 months of the exercise training programme, serum A-FABP levels decreased significantly from 21.4 +/- 6.4 microg/l to 19.3 +/- 6.8 microg/l (P = 0.038), along with a reduction in weight, BMI, waist circumference, fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels. There was no significant change in the lipocalin-2 and RBP4 levels, although IL-6 levels increased after the exercise programme.
Exercise training with weight loss induced a significant reduction in circulating A-FABP levels in obese Korean women.
Clinical Endocrinology 08/2008; 70(4):569-74. · 3.17 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Previous studies have revealed that both short and long sleep durations are linked to obesity, hyperglycemia and hypertension. We evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and the metabolic syndrome using representative national survey data from the Korean population.
We analyzed data from the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey. The average amount of sleep per night was categorized as: <or=5, 6, 7, 8 and >or=9 h. Those reporting 7 h per night served as a reference group. In this cross-sectional study, the data of 4222 participants were finally analyzed.
A majority of the components of the metabolic syndrome demonstrated U-shaped patterns based on sleep duration. Although the prevalences of abdominal obesity and hypertension were highest in subjects who slept <or=5 h per night, those of hyperglycemia and high triglyceridemia were highest in subjects who slept >or=9 h per night. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome also exhibited U-shape pattern based on sleep duration. More components of the metabolic syndrome were highly associated with sleep duration in subjects under the age of 60 compared to those over the age of 60. Subjects who slept <or=5 h per night demonstrated the highest risk for the metabolic syndrome (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.33-2.26, P<0.001). Subjects who slept >or=9 h per night exhibited increased risk for the metabolic syndrome even after adjustment of other risk variables (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.17-2.45, P=0.006).
Both short and long sleep durations are related to increased risk of the metabolic syndrome and its components in the Korean population, although adjustment for risk factors attenuates their relationship. Subjects reporting sleep duration of 7 h demonstrated the lowest prevalence of the metabolic syndrome.
International journal of obesity (2005) 08/2008; 32(7):1091-7. · 4.34 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation is closely associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We have investigated the appropriate VAT cut-off values for predicting metabolic risk factors in the Korean population.
We assessed 276 men and 540 women aged 17-69 years who were undergoing regular health examinations. Anthropometry, metabolic risk factors and VAT area determined by computed tomography were measured. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to define VAT cut-off points for metabolic risk factors.
Based on the first quintile of VAT, the odds ratios for having metabolic risk factors increased significantly with each VAT quintile in both men and women. Using ROC analysis, the appropriate VAT cut-offs for metabolic risk factors were 100 cm(2) in men and 70 cm(2) in women. Regression lines indicated that, in men, a VAT of 100 cm(2) corresponded to a waist circumference of 88.1 cm and a body mass index (BMI) of 24.9 kg/m(2); in women, a VAT of 70 cm(2) corresponded to a waist circumference of 84.0 cm and a BMI of 25.1 kg/m(2).
VAT cut-offs of 100 cm(2) in men and 70 cm(2) in women are useful for defining visceral obesity in Korean subjects. These VAT cut-offs were validated by the ethnic-specific cut-offs for waist circumference and BMI for Korean individuals.
Diabetic Medicine 02/2008; 25(1):106-10. · 2.90 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Visfatin, a novel adipokine, was revealed to be associated with obesity and to have insulin-mimetic effect. Eotaxin, which is an important chemokine in asthma, was recently reported to be associated with obesity in mice and humans. We evaluated the effect of exercise training on plasma visfatin and eotaxin levels in association with cardiovascular risk factors.
Forty-eight non-diabetic Korean women were evaluated before and after a 12 week exercise program including aerobic exercise (45 min/session, 300 Kcal/day) and muscle strength training (20 min/session, 100 Kcal/day) five times per week.
Plasma visfatin concentrations were elevated in obese subjects (body mass index, BMI> or =25 kg/m2) when compared with non-obese subjects (16.4 +/- 13.4 ng/ml vs 7.7 +/- 5.2 ng/ml, P = 0.006), and eotaxin concentrations were elevated in subjects with central obesity (waist circumference, WC> or =80 cm) when compared with those without central obesity (73.6 +/- 17.8 pg/ml vs 64.2 +/- 4.2 pg/ml, P = 0.005). In multiple regression analyses, visfatin levels were associated with BMI (R2 = 0.255) and eotaxin levels were associated with WC and body weight (R2 = 0.307). After the exercise program, body weight, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance of participants were decreased. Furthermore, plasma visfatin levels were significantly decreased from 13.6 +/- 12.0 to 7.7 +/- 7.9 ng/ml (P = 0.026) and eotaxin levels were reduced from 72.0 +/- 16.7 to 66.9 +/- 14.2 pg/ml (P = 0.018).
Exercise training with weight loss induced a significant reduction of plasma visfatin and eotaxin levels in non-diabetic Korean women.
European Journal of Endocrinology 10/2007; 157(4):437-42. · 3.42 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: It has been recently reported that activation of PPAR-delta, by specific agonists or genetic manipulation, alleviates dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance in animal models of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the PPAR-delta agonist has a direct effect on adipokines in visceral adipose tissue of rats and in cultured adipocytes. We examined the expression of visfatin, adiponectin, and resistin mRNA in visceral adipose tissue of Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet and 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with PPAR-delta agonist (L-165041). Body weight and biochemical measurements were performed. Rats fed a high-fat diet showed a greater increase in body weight than those fed a standard diet (P<0.05), and treatment with L-165041 (10 mg/kg/day) significantly decreased weight gain (P<0.05). The concentration of total cholesterol was lower, and HDL cholesterol was higher in L-165041-treated rats (P<0.05). In the visceral adipose tissue of L-165041-treated rats, visfatin and adiponectin mRNA levels significantly increased compared to those of the untreated rats (P<0.05). However, the expression of resistin decreased in the L-165041-treated rats. Furthermore, in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, the level of visfatin and adiponectin mRNA was up-regulated in response to L-165041 treatment for nine days. By contrast, resistin mRNA levels were down-regulated by L-165041 treatment. The present study provides a novel evidence to suggest that the PPAR-delta agonist has regulatory effects on a variety of adipokines, and these effects might explain some of their metabolic function.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 05/2007; 357(1):62-7. · 2.48 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Although isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) increases the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke, more than any other hypertension subtype, the prevalence and risk factors associated with ISH in the Korean population are not known. The 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey was a cross-sectional and nationally representative survey conducted in 2001. The prevalence of ISH by age and body mass index (BMI) was examined in 6601 Korean adults over 20 years of age. After adjusting for age, 4.32+/-0.32% of Korean adults had ISH, 5.28+/-0.37% had isolated diastolic hypertension and 5.82+/-0.36% had systolic/diastolic hypertension. The overall prevalence of ISH was found to increase directly with advancing age and increasing BMI. Although the ISH was found to be more common in men overall (4.81+/-0.50% in men, 4.12+/-0.37% in women), it was more common in women over 70 years of age. Independent variables associated with risk for ISH included advanced age, BMI, triglyceride (TG) levels, monthly income and alcohol intake. However, gender, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, residential area, education level and smoking were found not to be significantly associated with ISH risk. The findings of the present study demonstrate that the prevalence of untreated ISH in Korea was lower than in Western countries. Age, BMI, TG levels, monthly income and alcohol intake were associated with ISH.
Journal of Human Hypertension 03/2007; 21(2):107-13. · 2.80 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major international health problem. Limited information is available about the prevalence of MetS in Asia, especially in Korea.
To examine the prevalence and trends of MetS in a Korean population. In addition, we investigated the risk factors associated with MetS.
A total of 7445 participants aged >/=20 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHNS) 1998 and 5964 participants from the KNHNS 2001 were included in this analysis. The KNHNS is a cross-sectional health survey of a nationally representative sample of the Korean population. The prevalence of MetS was determined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria and the Asia-Pacific criteria for obesity based on waist circumference (APC-WC).
Using the ATP III criteria, the age-adjusted prevalence of MetS among Korean adults was 15.7% (13.7% male, 17.8% female) in 1998 and 14.4% (13.0% male, 16.2% female) in 2001. Using the APC-WC criteria, the prevalence was 21.6% (19.4% male, 23.9% female) in 1998 and 21.4% (20.1% male, 23.4% female) in 2001. Of the five MetS components, increasing trends were found between 1998 and 2001 in the prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and central obesity for both men and women. Age, sex, body mass index and a family history of diabetes were associated with MetS.
These results from a representative sample show that MetS is common in Korean adults. A systemic public health programme is required to prevent future increases in diabetes and cardiovascular complications.
Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism 02/2007; 9(1):50-8. · 3.38 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and their association with risk factors in the Korean population.
The Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey 2001 was a nationally representative survey with a stratified multistage sampling design. Data from a comprehensive questionnaire, a physical examination, and blood tests were obtained from 5,844 Korean adults (2,513 men and 3,331 women) aged >20 years.
The age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes in this Korean population was 7.6%, and the age-adjusted prevalences of previously diagnosed diabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes were 4.4 and 3.3%, respectively (fasting plasma glucose > or = 7.0 mmol/l). Overall, these results indicate that 8.1% or 1.4 million Korean men and 7.5% or 1.3 million Korean women have diabetes. The age-adjusted prevalence of IFG was 23.9%, using the new American Diabetes Association criteria (fasting plasma glucose 5.6-6.9 mmol/l). Diabetes prevalence increased with age and peaked in the oldest age-group; however, IFG prevalence did not show the same trend. Diabetes was found to be associated with age, BMI, blood pressure, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, education levels, alcohol consumption, exercise, and a family history of diabetes.
This study shows that diabetes and IFG are common in Korea, and about one-half of diabetes cases remain undiagnosed. These results emphasize the need to develop an urgent public program to improve the detection, prevention, and treatment of diabetes.
Diabetes Care 02/2006; 29(2):226-31. · 8.09 Impact Factor
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S M Kim,
J Lee,
O H Ryu,
K W Lee,
H Y Kim,
J A Seo,
S G Kim,
N H Kim,
S H Baik,
D S Choi,
K M Choi
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ABSTRACT: We examined the association between serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels, systemic inflammation and arterial stiffness in normal and diabetic patients.
The study subjects comprised 49 newly diagnosed diabetic patients and 72 age- and sex-matched normal glucose controls. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profiles, serum OPG, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were measured.
Serum OPG levels (6.1 +/- 1.4 vs. 5.4 +/- 1.3 pmol/l, P = 0.011) and baPWV (1562 +/- 354 vs. 1399 +/- 257 cm/s, P = 0.004) were significantly higher in the diabetic group than in the normal glucose group. Serum OPG levels in normal and diabetic patients correlated significantly with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.20, P = 0.035), FBG (r = 0.30, P = 0.002), right baPWV (r = 0.22, P = 0.021), left baPWV (r = 0.26, P = 0.006), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r = 0.19, P = 0.045), IL-6 (r = 0.32, P = 0.001) and hsCRP (r = 0.21, P = 0.027) after adjusting for age and sex. Multiple regression analysis showed that serum OPG level was significantly associated with age, FBG, IL-6, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride and hsCRP (R(2) = 0.299).
In summary, serum OPG and baPWV levels are elevated in diabetic patients and serum OPG levels are significantly associated with inflammation and arterial stiffness.
Clinical Endocrinology 12/2005; 63(5):594-8. · 3.17 Impact Factor
