-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: 1 Twelve normal subjects received (1) normal diet, (2) normal diet with 100 mmol supplementary sodium chloride and (3) normal diet with 96 mmol supplementary potassium chloride, each for 10 days, in a balanced cross-over study according to a Latin Square design. At the end of each study period, the subjects received 80 mg frusemide orally. Each study period was separated from the other by 10 days. 2 Changes in urinary electrolyte excretion occurred within the first four days of each dietary period then remained constant, with significant differences in urinary Na/K ratio between the dietary regimes. 3 Between-subject correlations, using the mean values over the three study periods, demonstrated significant associations between plasma uric acid and urinary Na/K ratio and between plasma prolactin and urinary potassium excretion. 4 Urinary potassium excretion and Na/K ratio following frusemide were influenced significantly by alteration of diet but there was no change in sodium excretion. 5 Between-subject correlations of pretreatment variables with diuretic response, using the mean values over the three study periods, demonstrated significant associations between both pretreatment urinary Na/K ratio and plasma uric acid and respectively the urinary potassium excretion and urinary Na/K ratio in response to frusemide. 6 While the response to frusemide was altered by short-term changes in dietary sodium and potassium, the difference was less than expected from observations in two populations with customary diets differing in similar manner.
British Journal of Pharmacology 11/1978; 64(2):285-92. · 4.41 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Plasma ethanol concentration, reaction time, and electroencephalogram (EEG) were recorded in 6 normal men after ingestion of ethanol along (Group 1), whiskey (Group 2), or a mixture of ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, and iso-amyl alcohol (Group 3). The peak plasma ethanol concentration and the total area under the plasma concentration:time curve of ethanol did not depend upon the type of drink given, but the half-life of the terminal exponential phase of ethanol elimination was longer in Group 3. In each study period reaction time increased, there was a relative increase in delta activity (2 to 3 Hz) and a fall in mean dominant frequency in EEG activity. The extent of increase in reaction time depended on the rate of increase in plasma ethanol concentration and correlated with the concentration of ethanol while the plasma concentration of ethanol was falling. Differences in the effects of ethanol between study periods were minimal.
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 09/1977; 22(2):242-9. · 6.04 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The elimination of ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl and iso-amyl alcohols has been investigated over a dose range in the isolated perfused rat liver. The elimination of ethanol was saturable with a zero-order phase being succeeded below a concentration of 5 mmol by an exponential phase. The elimination of n-propyl, n-butyl and iso-amyl alcohols was similar. There was an increasing affinity of the alcohol to the rate-limiting process with increasing carbon chain length of the alcohol. The apparent Michaelis constants for the alcohols were similar to those determined in vitro with the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. The addition of ethanol simultaneously with either n-propyl, n-butyl or iso-amyl alcohol was associated with a reduction in the rate of elimination of both ethanol and the higher alcohol. Changes in the apparent Michaelis constant (KM) in the absence of changes in the apparent maximal velocity (Vmax) suggested competitive inhibition for the elimination process.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 07/1976; 197(3):669-74. · 3.83 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Diuretic responses to oral administration of 1 mg bumetanide and 40 mg furosemide were determined in double-blind, crossover balanced trials in 10 normal English subjects and 6 normal German subjects. In each experiment the 0- to 8-hr urine volume and sodium excretion were significantly higher after bumetanide, potassium excretion did not differ, and the Na/K ratio, although higher after bumetanide, was not significantly different by analysis of variance. In German subjects the diuretic and natriuretic responses to both drugs were greater and the potassium excretion less than in English subjects. In the English, the pretreatment 24-hr urinary Na/K ratio correlated with the urinary Na/K ratio response to both drugs and with the potassium excretion after furosemide. The mean plasma uric acid before treatment correlated with the Na/K ratio and potassium excretion after furosemide. Aldosterone excretion did not correlate with response to either diuretic. The mean pretreatment 24-hr log10 Na/K ratio in the two treatment periods of the English and German subjects correlated with the mean sodium excretion, potassium excretion, and log10 Na/K after the two diuretics, thus providing a partial explanation for intersubject and interstudy variation. Pretreatment log10 Na/K could also explain intrasubject variation, justifying its use as a covariate in covariance analysis. This demonstrated that at this dose ratio the urinary log10 Na/K ratio response to bumetanide was significantly higher than that to furosemide.
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 06/1976; 19(5 Pt 1):538-45. · 6.04 Impact Factor
-
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 03/1976; 28(2):160-1. · 2.17 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: 1. The relations between the concentration of plasma uric acid and urinary excretion of aldosterone, sodium and potassium, were studied in ten healthy males on a diet containing 160 mmol of sodium and 90 mmol of potassium per day. 2. Plasma uric acid correlated positively with aldosterone excretion and this correlation was statistically independent of sodium and potassium excretion. 3. Plasma uric acid correlated positively with potassium excretion and negatively with the urinary sodium/potassium ratio. There was no significant simple correlation with sodium excretion but the partial correlation of plasma uric acid and sodium excretion was negative and significant when excretion of aldosterone and potassium were held constant.
Clinical science and molecular medicine 01/1976; 49(6):613-6.
-
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 09/1975; 2(4):361-2. · 2.96 Impact Factor
-
British Journal of Pharmacology 04/1975; 53(3):443P. · 4.41 Impact Factor
