Publications (15)6.58 Total impact
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Article: Manager's occupational stress in state-owned and private enterprises in the People's Republic of China.
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ABSTRACT: Privatization that has taken place in the People's Republic of China has brought about improved profitability and effectiveness of enterprises. However, it is not known whether employees' occupational stressors and strains in private enterprises would differ from those in state-owned enterprises. This study aims to examine the major sources of manager's occupational stress in private and state-owned enterprises, and comparing the intensity of these stressors and strains. The relationships between stressors and strains were also investigated in both economic sectors. The questionnaires were completed by 234 managers in state-owned enterprises and 179 managers in private enterprises from eight cities of the PRC. The questionnaires were used to measure sources of stress, job satisfaction, and physical and psychological strain. The results showed that managers in private enterprises experienced higher levels of occupational stressors (mainly 'Organizational structure and climate' and 'Relationship with others') and psychological strains than those in state-owned enterprises. Moreover, 'Organizational structure and climate' was also found to be a major stressor when predicting both psychological and physical strain in both economic sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Journal of Human Resource Management is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)International Journal of Human Resource Management. 08/2009; 20(8):1670-1682. -
Article: Employees' well-being in greater China: The direct and moderating effects of general self-efficacy
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ABSTRACT: This study investigated the direct and moderating effect of general self-efficacy on the relationship between stressors and well-being in Chinese societies. Survey data were collected from 386 and 306 employees in Hong Kong and Beijing, respectively. The results consistently showed that general self-efficacy was positively related to mental well-being and physical well-being. A series of hierarchical regressions revealed that general self-efficacy moderated the relationship between stressors and mental well-being, yet did not moderate the relationship between stressors and physical well-being. Results verified that general self-efficacy plays an important role in employees' well-being in the collectivist society of China. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)Applied Psychology: An International Review. 01/2007; 56(2):288-301. -
Article: A three-phase study to develop and validate a Chinese coping strategies scales in Greater China
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ABSTRACT: A three-phase study was conducted among Chinese employees in Greater China to develop and validate the Chinese coping strategies that were most common and frequently used. By adopting a qualitative openended methodology and quantitative surveys (using both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis), the internal consistency and factor structure of the developed 12-item Chinese coping strategies has been demonstrated, and some evidence for construct validity has been provided. The structures of Chinese coping strategies include four factors: active positive coping, passive adaptive coping, social support and hobbies/relaxation. The results also show that active positive coping, social support, and hobbies/relaxation have a beneficial role on work well-being (job satisfaction, physical and behavioral symptoms), whereas passive adaptive coping relatively has a maladaptive effect. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)Personality and Individual Differences. 01/2006; 41(3):537-548. -
Article: Work Stress, Self-Efficacy, Chinese Work Values, and Work Well-Being in Hong Kong and Beijing
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ABSTRACT: The authors tested the direct and moderating effects of self-efficacy and Chinese work values on relationships between job stressors and work well-being among employees in Hong Kong and Beijing. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data from 105 and 129 employees in Hong Kong and Beijing, respectively. The results revealed that self-efficacy was positively related to job satisfaction in both samples. Self-efficacy was found to be a stress moderator in some of the stressor-work well-being relationships for both samples. The direct effect of Chinese work values on work well-being was minimal, and its moderating effects were partially demonstrated in some of the stressor-job satisfaction relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)International Journal of Stress Management. 01/2005; 12(3):274-288. -
Book: An international comparative study of work-family stress and occupational strain
01/2005; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers., ISBN: 0-8058-4881-9 0-8058-4882-7 -
Article: Eastern versus Western control beliefs at work: An investigation of secondary control, socioinstrumental control, and work locus of control in China and the US
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ABSTRACT: Research and theory concerning beliefs (locus of control) and perceptions of control suggest that Asians tend to be lower and more passive than Americans, but this work has been conducted mainly with US-developed constructs and scales that assess primary control (i.e. changing the environment to adapt to the self). An international research team expanded the notion of control beliefs by developing scales to assess secondary control beliefs (i.e. adapting the self to the environment) and the new construct of socioinstrumental control beliefs (i.e. control via interpersonal relationships), both of which were thought to better fit the control beliefs of collectivist cultures than Western-developed control scales. Participants for the study were 530 employed individuals, 146 from PR China (PRC), 130 from Hong Kong, and 254 from the US. We expected that, when culturally appropriate scales were employed, Americans would not show higher control beliefs than Asians. Hypotheses were partially confirmed that Americans would be lower than Chinese (Hong Kong and PR China) on these new scales. It is suggested that views of Asians as passive avoiders of control at work may be incorrect and due to the overlooking of socioinstrumental control. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)Applied Psychology: An International Review. 01/2004; 53(1):38-60. -
Article: Locus of control and well-being at work: How generalizable are Western findings?
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ABSTRACT: Managers (n=5,185) from 24 geopolitical entities provided data on work locus of control, job satisfaction, psychological strain, physical strain, and individualism/collectivism. The hypothesis that the salutary effects of perceived control on well-being are universal was supported because relations of work locus of control with well-being at work were similar in almost all the sampled areas. Furthermore, the individualism/collectivism level of each sample did not moderate the magnitude of correlations of work locus of control with measures of well-being. Findings indicate that control beliefs contribute to well-being universally, but we suggest that how control is manifested can still differ. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)Academy of Management Journal. 01/2002; 45(2):453-466. -
Article: Managerial stress in greater China: The direct and moderator effects of coping strategies and work locus of control
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ABSTRACT: Examined the direct and moderator effects of coping strategies (control and support coping) and work locus of control (externality) on the stressor-strain relationships among managers in Greater China (the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan). It was expected that work locus of control (externality) has the direct effect of lowering job satisfaction and well-being; and the moderating effect of intensifying negative stressor-job satisfaction and stressor-well-being relationships among external managers. A self-administered survey method was employed to collect data from 249 managers in the People's Republic of China (mean age 39.3 yrs), 280 managers in Hong Kong (mean age 34.61 yrs) , and 347 managers in Taiwan (mean age 37.87 yrs). The direct and moderator effects of control coping, support coping, and work focus of control on some stressor-strain relationships were demonstrated in the studied samples. Results also show some differences across the 3 Chinese samples. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)Applied Psychology: An International Review. 01/2002; 51(4):608-632. -
Article: Do national levels of individualism and internal locus of control relate to well‐being: an ecological level international study
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ABSTRACT: Data were collected from managers in 24 nations/territories on work locus of control (LOC), individualism–collectivism (I–C), and well-being (job satisfaction, absence of psychological strain, and absence of physical strain). There were significant mean differences across samples on all five of these measures, and consistent with our hypothesis, at the ecological or sample mean level well-being was associated with an internal locus of control. However, contrary to our hypothesis, well-being was not associated with I–C, despite a strong correlation between I–C and LOC. Findings at the ecological level were consistent with the literature concerning the salutary effects of control on well-being. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Journal of Organizational Behavior 11/2001; 22(8):815 - 832. · 3.85 Impact Factor -
Article: Age differences in coping and locus of control: A study of managerial stress in Hong Kong
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ABSTRACT: The present study involved data collection from 3 samples of Hong Kong managers to examine mechanisms by which age would relate to work well-being. A total of 634 managers was drawn by random sampling and purposive sampling methods. The results showed that age was positively related to well-being (job satisfaction and mental well-being). Furthermore, older managers reported fewer sources of stress, better coping, and a more internal locus of control. Multiple regression analyses suggested that the relations of age with 2 well-being indicators can be attributed to various combinations of coping, work locus of control, sources of stress, managerial level, and organizational tenure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)Psychology and Aging 01/2001; 16(4):707-710. · 2.73 Impact Factor -
Article: Do national levels of individualism and internal locus of control relate to well-being: An ecological level international study
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ABSTRACT: Data were collected from managers in 24 nations/territories on work locus of control (LOC), individualism-collectivism (I-C), and well-being (job satisfaction, absence of psychological strain, and absence of physical strain). There were significant mean differences across samples on all 5 of these measures, and consistent with our hypothesis, at the ecological or sample mean level well-being was associated with an internal locus of control. However, contrary to our hypothesis, well-being was not associated with I-C, despite a strong correlation between I-C and LOC. Findings at the ecological level were consistent with the literature concerning the salutary effects of control on well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)Journal of Organizational Behavior. 01/2001; 22(8):815-832. -
Article: Faculty stressors, job satisfaction, and psychological distress among university teachers in Hong Kong: The role of locus of control
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ABSTRACT: The study aimed at identifying the sources of stress, and investigating their effects on job satisfaction and psychological distress among 106 university teachers (86 males, 20 females) from 4 tertiary institutes in Hong Kong. Another purpose of the study was to examine the moderating effect of locus of control on stressor-strain relationships. A factor analysis of the faculty stressors revealed 6 factors: recognition, perceived organizational practices, factors intrinsic to teaching, financial inadequacy, home/work interface, and new challenge. A series of stepwise multiple regressions demonstrated that recognition, perceived organizational practices, and financial inadequacy were best predictors of job satisfaction, whereas perceived organizational practices and home/work interface were the best predictors of psychological distress. Further external locus of control was associated with low job satisfaction and psychological distress. A series of hierarchical moderated regressions demonstrated a moderating effect of locus of control on some of the stressor- strain relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)International Journal of Stress Management. 01/2000; 7(2):121-138. -
Article: OCCUPATIONAL STRESS, JOB SATISFACTION AND MENTAL HEALTH AMONG EMPLOYEES OF AN ACQUIRED TV COMPANY IN HONG KONG
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ABSTRACT: The Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI) was adopted to investigate the sources of stress, job satisfaction, coping strategies, mental and physical health of workers. Data were collected from 101 employees of an acquired TV company in Hong Kong. Workers' perceived work pressure was negatively related to job satisfaction, and positively related to mental and physical ill-health. Among these employees, sources of stress were negatively related to job satisfaction, and positively related to mental and physical ill-health. Opposite findings were obtained for coping strategies, which were positively related to job satisfaction, and negatively related to mental and physical ill-health. Regression analyses were employed to reveal the predictors for strain effects. The results showed that a combination of stressors related statistically significantly to the strain effects, but only a few individual stressors were strong predictors. ‘Relationships with other people’ and ‘organizational structure and climate’ were strong predictors of job satisfaction, whereas ‘managerial role’ was a strong predictor of both mental and physical ill-health. The middle managers reported highest scores on some sources of stress and physical ill-health. Further, the results of this study provide some validation data for the OSI in a Chinese sample. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Stress Medicine 12/1998; 13(2):99 - 107. -
Article: The use of the occupational stress indicator (OSI) in factory workers in China
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of the study was to investigate occupational stress among Chinese factory workers (N=342), from three cities of South East China, using the shortened version of the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI)-2. The results showed that the reliabilities and predictive validity of the OSI-2 subscales and other subscales used for the study were reasonably high. Quite a high percentage of workers perceived high work pressure. The main sources of stress were intrinsic to the job; and the coping strategies that were most frequently used to tackle stress were “control” methods. In addition, “satisfaction on environmental condition” seemed to be a common predictor for job satisfaction, and mental and physical well-being. The logical relationships between job satisfaction, mental well-being and physical well-being in Chinese workers have provided support to the findings obtained in Western countries.International Journal of Stress Management 06/1997; 4(3):171-182. -
Article: Managers’ occupational stress in China: the role of self-efficacy
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ABSTRACT: The role of self-efficacy, an individual difference variable, in occupational stress research is seldom discussed, and is even rarely examined in Chinese societies. This study investigates the relationships between stressors, managerial self-efficacy (MSE) and job strains (job satisfaction, physical strain, and psychological strain). A total of 450 enterprise managers in eight cities of the People’s Republic of China completed a battery of structured questionnaires. The results of the study generally support that total stressors was positively related to physical and psychological strains. Related to the moderating effects of MSE on the stressor–strain relationship, only a significant moderating effect was found in predicting physical strain.Personality and Individual Differences.
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1998–2001
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Lingnan University
Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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