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ABSTRACT: The last few years have witnessed rapid development of biological and medical applications of graphene oxide (GO), such as drug/gene delivery, biosensing, and bioimaging. However, little is known about the cellular uptake mechanism and pathway of GO. In this work, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is employed to investigate the cellular internalization of GO loaded with Au nanoparticles (NPs) by Ca Ski cells. The presence of Au NPs on the surface of GO enables detection of enhanced intrinsic Raman signals of GO inside the cell. The SERS results reveal that GO is distributed inhomogeneously inside the cell. Furthermore, internalization of Au-GO into Ca Ski cells is mainly via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and is an energy-dependent process.
Small 05/2012; 8(16):2577-84. · 8.35 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to use the rat moderate spinal cord contusion model to investigate the effects of incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) on the muscle regeneration process, comparing regeneration of slow-twitch plantarflexor soleus muscle and fast-twitch dorsiflexor tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. Additionally, we wanted to examine the effect of a week of locomotor training following incomplete SCI on the muscle regeneration process in these muscles and also determine if a week of similar locomotor training is sufficient to initiate muscle regeneration in control, non-injured rats. Thirty-two, adult, female, Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen for the study. Moderate, midthoracic contusion SCIs were produced using a NYU (New York University) impactor in all rats except controls. Animals were randomly assigned to treadmill training or untrained groups. Rats in the treadmill training group were manually treadmill trained starting at 1 week after SCI, for 10 bouts (2 sessions of 20 min of actual stepping) over 5 days and control rats in the training group received similar training. Our results indicate that a muscle regenerative response was initiated only in the slow-twitch soleus muscle in the initial 2 weeks following SCI, the addition of 1 week of locomotor treadmill training led to a significant increase in soleus regenerative process. No significant regenerative process was observed in the fast-twitch TA. Increased muscle regeneration in soleus is suggested by our findings of increased expression of (1) insulin-like growth factor-1, involved in the activation of satellite cells; (2) Pax7, a marker of satellite cell activation; (3) myogenin, a muscle regulatory protein; and (4) embryonic myosin, an indicator of new muscle fiber formation. Locomotor training in control, non-injured animals did not induce similar changes towards the regenerative process.
Arbeitsphysiologie 05/2012; · 2.15 Impact Factor
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Xi Zhang,
Shu-mei Lin,
Tian-yan Chen, Min Liu,
Feng Ye,
Yun-ru Chen,
Lei Shi,
Ying-li He,
Lie-xiu Wu,
Shu-qin Zheng,
Ying-ren Zhao,
Shu-lin Zhang
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ABSTRACT: The preS1 domain of the large envelope protein has been identified as an essential viral structure involved in hepatitis B virus (HBV) attachment. However, the cellular receptor(s) for HBV has not yet been identified.
To identify a cell-surface receptor for HBV, which could elucidate the molecular mechanism of HBV infection.
A novel yeast two-hybrid system was used to screen proteins interacting with the preS1 region of HBV. Their interaction was verified by yeast cotransformation, coimmunoprecipitation and mammalian two-hybrid assay, while their intracellular and tissue localization was analyzed by confocal microscopy and immunohistochemistry, respectively.
Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) interacted specifically and directly with the preS1 domain of HBV in vivo and in vitro. The levels of expression of preS1 and ASGPR in the liver were similar and correlated with each other.
ASGPR is a candidate receptor for HBV that mediates further steps of HBV entry.
Archives of Virology 01/2011; 156(4):637-45. · 2.11 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the infection and replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in primary cultured human granulosa cells. Human granulosa cells were cultured with HBV-positive serum. Media were collected and assayed for HBsAg and HBeAg by ELISA, and HBV DNA by quantitative PCR. HBsAg and HBcAg were detected by immunocytochemistry in cultured cells. HBV DNA and RNA were extracted and amplified by nested PCR. Intracellular HBV DNA was localized by in situ hybridization. By co-cultivation of human GCs with HBV-positive serum, a system was established to study HBV infection and replication in GCs. HBsAg in medium could be detected from 4 to 96 h, and HBV DNA could be detected from 12 to 96 h after exposure. HBsAg and HBcAg showed positive signals by immunocytochemistry. A 206-bp fragment was amplified by nested PCR to detect HBV DNA and RNA in granulosa cells. HBV DNA was detected in GC nuclei by in situ hybridization. HBV can infect and replicate in human primary granulosa cells. This culture system could enable us to study infection of ova by HBV.
Archives of Virology 09/2010; 156(1):1-7. · 2.11 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein is a multi-functional viral protein that interacts with several target proteins of both viral and cellular origin.
To gain insight into the mechanism of action of HCV core protein, we used a yeast two-hybrid system to identify the core protein-interacting cellular targets.
A cDNA clone encoding an aspartoacylase was obtained, termed aspartoacylase 3 (ACY3). Interaction between ACY3 and HCV core protein was verified using a co-immunoprecipitation assay in vitro, and a mammalian two-hybrid system in vivo. Fluorescence microscopy showed green fluorescence protein-fused ACY3 localized in the cytoplasm.
Our data suggest that ACY3 is an HCV core binding protein, which may play a role in the development of HCV-associated diseases.
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 05/2009; 24(7):1300-4. · 2.87 Impact Factor
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Jinfeng Liu,
Yongqin Li,
Tianyan Chen,
Yuan Yang,
Ke Wang,
Yingli He,
Qian Yang,
Feng Ye,
Yan Jin,
Ting Qiu,
Shumei Lin, Min Liu,
Yingren Zhao
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ABSTRACT: Using a nested-PCR genotyping system, we analyzed the viral genotypes in HBV-infected patients from HBV clustering infection families (CIFs), as compared with HBV infected patients without familial infection history. The patients in the CIF group showed significantly increased prevalence of genotype C infection, while genotype B was absent. Additionally, in the genotype C carriers younger than 50 years old, the prevalence of HCC and LC were significantly increased in CIF compared to the control. We found that HBeAg-positive HBV genotype C carriers are prone to develop end-stage liver diseases earlier than those infected by genotype B.
Archives of Virology 02/2008; 153(11):2157-61. · 2.11 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To analyze the interaction of hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein with HCBP1 and observe the expression and cellular localization of HCBP1.
The cDNA fragments encoding HCV core protein and HCBP1 were amplified by PCR and subsequently cloned into pGEM T vector, respectively. After sequence verification, the two recombined vectors were respectively subcloned into two hybrid plasmids, pM and pVP16. pM-core, pVP16- HCBP1 and the reporter vector pG5CAT were co-transfected into COS-7 cells, and the interaction between HCV core protein and HCBP1 was assayed by detecting CAT gene expression after 48 h. The expression and subcellular localization of the fusion protein in the transfected COS-7 cells were analyzed by Western blotting and fluorescence microscopy, respectively.
CAT-ELISA showed that the absorbance of the co-transfection group was significantly higher than that o f the negative control groups but lower than that of the positive control group. Western blotting confirmed the expression of fusion protein in the transfected COS-7 cells. Fluorescence microscopy showed that the fusion protein was distributed mainly in the cytoplasm, and in contrast, diffuse EGFP expression was detected in COS-7 cells transfected with the empty vector.
Mammalian two-hybrid assay confirms the capacity of HCBP1 to bind HCV core protein, and the expression vector for HCBP1-EGFP fusion gene has been constructed successfully and expressed in COS-7 cells.
Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University 01/2008; 27(12):1809-13.
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ABSTRACT: A top-down formed four-cantilever micro-sensor structure is equipped with self-assembled dual monolayers on the surfaces for specific detection to trace explosive and depression of environmental cross-talk. Sensor design of the four-lever scheme, micro-fabrication, surface modification of the dual monolayers and experimental results for ultra-sensitive detection of explosive are sequentially related. The testing results confirm that the sensor can detect TNT at the resolution level of several tens of ppt and can effectively depress the influences from environmental temperature and humidity change.
Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, 2007. TRANSDUCERS 2007. International; 07/2007
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ABSTRACT: CeO<sub>2</sub> is considered as one of the most lattice matched and chemically stable material for YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-x</sub> coated conductors. In this paper, the epitaxial growth of CeO<sub>2</sub> thin films on both the single crystal and the cube textured Ni5W substrates by MOD method were investigated. Homogeneous and crack-free CeO<sub>2</sub> thin films with sharp biaxially texture were obtained using the precursors made by both cerium ethylhexanoate and cerium acetate precursor solutions, followed by post-annealing at 1000-1150degC under flowing Ar-4%H<sub>2</sub> gas. The effects of the various precursors and the annealing parameters on the orientation and the roughness of the CeO<sub>2</sub> films on textured Ni5W substrate were discussed in detail.
IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 07/2007; · 1.04 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The key requirement for the substrates employed in coated conductors is using highly cube textured and weakly magnetic as well as strengthened materials. In this work, a tri-layer of composite substrate, as a substitute for the traditional substrate architecture, was designed and obtained by sintering two pieces of Ni-5at.% W (or Ni-7at.% W) outer layers on both sides of a Ni-12at.% W mixed powder (as an inner layer) together using an advanced spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology, followed by cold rolling and annealing. The sharp cube texture was obtained in both kinds of composite substrates by optimizing rolling and recrystallization processes. The percentage of the cube texture component on the Ni5W outer layer of the Ni5W/Nil2W/Ni5W composite substrate was higher than 95.4% within a misorientation angle of 10deg from EBSD measurements. Moreover, the yield strength of this composite substrate exceeds 300 MPa, while the saturation magnetization is reduced dramatically.
IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 07/2007; · 1.04 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The mechanically strengthened, highly cube textured Ni-5 at.%W (Ni5W)/Ni-9.3 at.%W (Ni9W) composite substrates have been developed as a possible low magnetic and reinforced substrate for coated conductors. The key configuration of this composite substrate was the use of a thin but sharp cube textured Ni5W out-layer on a Ni9W alloy core that ensures the mechanical reinforcement while reducing the magnetism of whole substrate. The prepared composite tapes had a sharp and pure cube texture in the top Ni5W layer. The percentage of the cube texture component was as high as 92% within a misorientation angle of less than 8deg from EBSD measurement. The Ni5W surface of the composite substrate was very smooth and a roughness (RMS) of 22 nm was obtained. The yield strength of textured composite substrate was 210 MPa, 60 MPa higher than that of the Ni-5 at.% W substrate, while the magnetization of the whole substrate was dramatically reduced.
IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 07/2007; · 1.04 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This paper concerns the issue of adding color to a grayscale image automatically. A novel colorization approach is proposed based on locally linear embedding (LLE), a manifold learning method. The colorization procedure utilizes the similarities of the image manifold structures between the grayscale space and color space. Colorized results can be obtained by transferring the parameters learnt from the grayscale space to the color space. Experimental results are reported to validate the proposed method
TENCON 2006. 2006 IEEE Region 10 Conference; 12/2006
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ABSTRACT: Service composition is regarded as a primary approach to build an application in service-oriented computing (SOC). Current approaches for service composition may return back lots of invalid results because they neither take user's context into account nor lack effective verification mechanism. To tackle these problems, this paper presents a framework that enables context-aware composition of Web services. The framework performs capability matches and composes service flow based on goal-driven. Then, it filters out unsuitable compositions of matched services according to available context information. Furthermore, we model the composite service with Petri nets and validate its correctness. And a corresponding algorithm is introduced. Software agents are developed in the framework to effectively support context-aware requirements for applications in SOC
Grid and Cooperative Computing, 2006. GCC 2006. Fifth International Conference; 11/2006
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ABSTRACT: To investigate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) immune-related gene expression profile in patients with chronic virus hepatitis B(CHB) by oligonucleotide gene array technique.
PBMCs were collected from the members of a family of clustering hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection including 5 CHB patients and 4 healthy spouses and RNA prepared from PBMCs was hybridized to high-density oligonucleotide arrays(HG-U133A 2.0 Human Gene Chips, Affymetrix), covering the expression of 22 000 human ESTs. Primary scanned image was analyzed with DNT software package.
Out of the 22 000 ESTs, 24 different immune-related genes were identified. Among the 24 genes, 7 genes showed increased expression and 17 genes showed decreased expression in CHB compared with those in healthy spouses. The up-regulated genes were mainly associated with adaptive immunity, while the down-regulated genes were associated with innate immunity.
Our findings suggest that HBV infection alters a broad range of immunity genes expression and innate immunity-associated genes are important in the defense against HBV chronic infection.
Xi bao yu fen zi mian yi xue za zhi = Chinese journal of cellular and molecular immunology 10/2006; 22(5):620-2.
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ABSTRACT: To meet the personalized needs of customers in e-supermarket, an adaptive recommendation algorithm based on support vector machine was proposed in the paper. First, the commodities that user needed were classified as several categories through support vector machine, which ensured the recall of commodity recommendation. Then vector space model was used for content-based recommendation, specific commodities in several categories were obtained to ensure the precision. The algorithm had two advantages; the first was that it dealt with complex high dimensional data better, which obtained parameters directly form adaptive learning classifier. The second was that it had a better capability of classification. The algorithm was also used in personalized recommendation service system based on e-supermarket. The system could support e-commence better. The results manifested that the algorithm was effective
Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2006 International Conference on; 09/2006
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ABSTRACT: Against the problems emerged in protocols presented by N. Modadugu, D.Boneh and M. Kim (2000), new server-aided public key generation protocols on low-power devices are proposed in this paper. The protocols are secure against some passive attacks, such as "collusion attack" and "the third party attack". In addition, efficiency of primality test on low-power devices is improved in this paper. Prospective applications of the protocols would be found in mobile e-commence, mobile ad-hoc, and military communications
ITS Telecommunications Proceedings, 2006 6th International Conference on; 07/2006
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ABSTRACT: For operation and manipulation with nanometric positioning precision, a single crystalline silicon micro XY-stage is developed by using double-sided bulk-micromachining technology. Front-side deep reactive ion etching combined with backside anisotropic etching constructs the high-aspect-ratio comb-driven XY-stage in a single standard silicon wafer (i.e., no silicon on insulator wafer is used). For integrating several electrostatic actuators in one silicon chip, different actuators are electrically isolated from each other using a trench-sidewall insulating technique. SiO2-refilled trench bars are formed on vertical trench sidewalls to isolate adjacent comb-drive elements. Combined with the reverse-biased p–n junction along the boron-diffused trench sidewall for comb driving, individual actuators can be operated independently. The developed XY-stage of 1600 × 1600 µm2 is suspended by four sets of folded-beam and bending-flexure composite springs. To maximize the moving distance, a two-segment comb finger with a gently curved transition is used for both improving the actuation efficiency and avoiding side instability of the stage. The experimental results verify the stage design including the gentle transition of a two-segment comb-drive scheme. Under 23 V driving voltage, a 10 µm moving stroke is measured in each of the four directions. Compared with a conventional comb structure, the two-segment comb fingers contribute 70% improvement in actuating amplitude. The positioning precision of the stage is evaluated with a nano-mechanical indenting experiment. A scanning probe microscopy probe with an electrical-heated nano tip is put in contact with the surface of a polymethyl methacrylate film that is coated on the stage surface. Along with the movement of the stage, pulsed heating on the nano tip produces serial nano-pitches. With the nano-indenting experiment, better than 18 nm positioning precision is obtained for the XY-stage.
Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 05/2006; 16(7):1349. · 2.11 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the biological function of HBcAg in pathogenesis of HBV replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
HBcAg region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and HBV HBcAg bait plasmid pGBKT7-HBcAg was constructed by routine molecular biological methods. Then the recombinant plasmid DNA was transformed into yeast AH109. After the HBV core protein was expressed in AH109 yeast strains (Western blot analysis), yeast-two hybrid screening was performed by mating AH109 with Y187 containing leukocyte cDNA library plasmid. Diploid yeast cells were plated on synthetic dropout nutrient medium (SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade) (QDO) and synthetic dropout nutrient medium (SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade) (TDO). The second screening was performed with the LacZ report gene ( yeast cells were grown in QDO medium containing X-alpha-gal). The interaction between HBV core protein and the protein obtained from positive colonies was further confirmed by repeating yeast-two hybrid. After plasmid DNA was extracted from blue colonies and sequenced, the results were analyzed by bioinformatic methods.
Eighteen colonies were obtained and sequenced, including hypermethylated in cancer 2 (3 colones), eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (2 colones), acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase 3 (1 colone), DNA polymerase gamma (1 colone), putative translation initiation factor (1 colone), chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (1 colone), mitochondrial ribosomal protein L41 (1 colone), kyot binding protein genes (1 colone), RanBPM (1 colone), HBeAg-binding protein 3 (1 colone), programmed cell death 2 (1 colone). Four new genes with unknown function were identified.
Successful cloning of genes of HBV core protein interacting proteins in leukocytes may provide some new clues for studying the biological functions of HBV core protein.
World Journal of Gastroenterology 03/2006; 12(7):1043-8. · 2.47 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence and distribution of Hepatitis B virus antigen (HBVAg) and Hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBVDNA) in ovary with chronic hepatitis B virus.
The immunohistochemistry method and in situ hybridization method were used to detect the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAg), and HBVDNA in ovary of patients with chronic hepatitis B infection.
HBsAg presented in the ovum-granular cell and interstitial cell of ovary. HBsAg located in the cytomembrane and cytoplasm. HBcAg presented in the ovum-granular cell-interstitial cell and endothelium cell of interstitial blood vessel of ovary, and the HBcAg may present in the ovum at different stage. HBcAg was situated at the cytomembrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. HBVDNA was detected in the ovum at different stage as HBcAg and in granular cell, interstitial cell of ovary. In the same ovary tissue, HBVDNA was positive in some ova, but it was weakly positive or negative in other ova. HBVDNA distributed mainly in nucleus, but also can be detected in the cytoplasm.
HBV could infect the ovum at different stage and replicate in it. This may be an important mechanism of HBV vertical transmission.
American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 03/2006; 194(2):387-92. · 3.28 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: For nano-metric positioning and manipulation, a single-crystalline-silicon XY-stage is fabricated by using a double-sided bulk-micromachining technology. For defining different electrostatic actuators in one ordinary wafer (instead of SOI wafer), a trench-sidewall electric isolation method is developed. Previously insulator-refilled trench-bars are used to cut and isolate the different comb-drive actuating elements on the structural trench-sidewalls. Combined with the reverse-biasd isolation of p-n junctions along the boron-diffused trench- sidewall for comb-driving, individual actuators can be operated independently. For maximizing the actuating stroke that is limited by the fabricated minimal comb-gap, a two-segment comb with a gentle-curve transition is designed for both improving actuation-amplitude and avoiding side-instability of the stage. Under 23 V actuating voltage, the moving stroke is about 10 mum in each of the four directions. Compared with conventional comb structure, the new comb design contributes 70% improvement in driving amplitude. Nano pitches on PMMA film are recorded by an electric-heated SPM probe. Coated with PMMA film, the stage movement is precisely controlled, resulting in controllable nano recording.
Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems, 2006. NEMS '06. 1st IEEE International Conference on; 02/2006
