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The MICE Collaboration,
D. Adams,
D. Adey,
A. Alekou,
J. Alexander,
M. Apollonio,
R. Asfandiyarov,
J. Back,
G. Barber,
P. Barclay, [......],
A. Wilson,
H. Wisting,
H. Witte,
F. Y. Xu,
T. Yano,
S. York,
M. Yoshida,
K. Yoshimura,
S. X. Zheng,
M. Zisman
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A novel single-particle technique to measure emittance has been developed and
used to characterise seventeen different muon beams for the Muon Ionisation
Cooling Experiment (MICE). The muon beams, whose mean momenta vary from 171 to
281 MeV/c, have emittances of approximately 1.5--2.3 \pi mm-rad horizontally
and 0.6--1.0 \pi mm-rad vertically, a horizontal dispersion of 90--190 mm and
momentum spreads of about 25 MeV/c. There is reasonable agreement between the
measured parameters of the beams and the results of simulations. The beams are
found to meet the requirements of MICE.
06/2013;
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The main aim of this work was to assess the frying strength of the enzymatically synthesized palm-based medium- and long-chain
triacylglycerols (MLCT) oil with the aid of different antioxidants under deep-frying conditions. Palm-based MLCT oil in the
presence of synthetic or natural antioxidants showed significantly better (P < 0.05) thermal resistance and oxidative strength than refined, bleached, and deodorized (RBD) palm olein throughout the
five consecutive days of frying. Rancimat induction period, free fatty acid content, anisidine value,
E\text1% 1\textcm E^{{\text{1\% }}} _{1{\text{cm}}} at 232 and 268nm, color, percentage of oil uptake, and viscosity measurement can be used as oil quality parameters to indicate
the degree of oil deterioration under continuous stressed frying conditions. No significant changes (P > 0.05) in the saturated/unsaturated fatty acids ratio across frying periods indicated good oxidative stability of the palm-based
MLCT oil. Due to the polarity of medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols in palm-based MLCT oil, total polar compounds determination
may not be a suitable oil quality measures. Sensory evaluation of fried chips showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) between chips fried in RBD palm olein and palm-based MLCT oil over the 3-month storage period.
KeywordsMedium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCT)–Deep-fat frying–Oleoresin sage extracts–
tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)–Refined–Bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm olein
Food and Bioprocess Technology 04/2012; 4(1):124-135. · 3.70 Impact Factor
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[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: The main objective of this study was to understand the effects and relationship amongst four factors, which are reaction temperature,
reaction time, enzyme load, and substrate mole ratio with the purpose of producing healthy functional cooking oil for long-term
dietary treatment. Lipozyme RM IM lipase-catalyzed esterification of medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCT) from glycerol
and mixtures of capric and oleic acid was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) with a five-level, four-factorial
design. Reaction temperature, reaction time, and substrate mole ratio strongly affected MLCT synthesis (P < 0.01). However, enzyme load did not have a significant (P > 0.01) effect on MLCT yield. Comparison between predicted and experimental value from central composite rotatable design
optimization procedures revealed good correlation, implying that the reduced cubic polynomial model with backward elimination
statistically expressed the percent MLCT yield obtained. The optimum MLCT yield was 59.76% by using 10wt% enzyme load, reaction
temperature of 70°C, reaction time of 14h, and substrate mole ratio of 3.5:1. Experiments to confirm the predicted results
using the optimal parameters showed an MLCT yield of 56.35% (n = 2). The choice on the types of fatty acids used in MLCT optimization work greatly influenced the physical and chemical
properties of MLCT oil produced. The refined MLCT oil characteristics study showed this oil is suitable to be used for cooking/frying
purposes as a high-value added product.
Food and Bioprocess Technology 04/2012; 3(2):288-299. · 3.70 Impact Factor
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Journal of Food Science and Technology; 01/2012
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International Food Research Journal. 01/2011; 18(1):355-366.
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Food and Bioproducts Processing 01/2010; 88(2-3):239-246. · 1.94 Impact Factor
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Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment 01/2010; 8(2):172-177. · 0.52 Impact Factor
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[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: The physical properties of medium- and long-chain triacylglycerol (MLCT) blends were characterized in this study. Blending MLCT oil with either palm olein or soybean oil changed the distribution of fatty acid groups, the crystallization and melting behavior of oil samples, and oil cloudiness. The crystallization and melting curves of both palm olein- and soybean-based MLCT blends showed that the peaks shift to different transition temperatures depending on the percent of MLCT oil added. Viscosity analysis revealed that the oil viscosity was dependent on the temperature and triacylglycerol composition of the oil samples. Blending MLCT oil with either 50% palm olein or 50% soybean oil could assist in preventing crystal growth for the first 8 h of storage at 5 and 0C, respectively.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIn this study, the physical properties of medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCTs) and MLCT-blended oils were determined. Under an appropriate dietary regime, consumption of MLCT has been shown to reduce body weight and blood hypertriglyceridemic. Knowledge about the viscosity of MLCT and MLCT-blended oils is important for process design and the transportation of fats and oils products. Moreover, this study attempted to produce clear MLCT-blended oil as there is an important consideration for oil sold in plastic containers or glass bottles to be crystal clear. The findings from this study provide useful information for the application of MLCT-blended oils in various food products such as frying oil.
Journal of Food Lipids 11/2009; 16(4):569 - 588. · 1.27 Impact Factor
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[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: Cucumis melo var. inodorus seeds were found to contain 4.5% moisture, 25.0% crude fat, 25.0% crude protein, 23.3% crude fiber, 2.4% ash and 19.8% carbohydrate. The iodine and saponification values, and unsaponifiable matter and free fatty acid contents of freshly extracted honeydew melon seed oil were 153.4 g I2/100 g oil, 210.2 mg KOH/g oil, 0.9 and 2.5%, respectively. The oil had a color index of 1.6Y + 0.4R, and had 10 fatty acids, of which 86.1% were unsaturated. Linoleic acid predominated with 69.0% followed by oleic acid (16.8%) and palmitic acid (8.4%). LLL (24.9%), OLL (21.5%), PLL (15.9%) and POL (12.4%) (where L, O, P and S denote linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids, respectively) were the major triacylglycerols present. The melting and crystallization temperatures were −5.12 and −59.01C, respectively. Electronic nose analysis showed the presence of more volatile compounds compared to refined sunflower oil, an oil rich also in linoleic acid.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIn Malaysia, honeydew melon (Cucumis melo var. inodorus) seeds are normally treated as waste products. In this study, honeydew melon seed oil was found to have a potential to become a new edible oil source as it contained a level high in polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Journal of Food Lipids 02/2008; 15(1):42 - 55. · 1.27 Impact Factor
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ASEAN Food Journal 01/2007; 14(2):89-100.
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[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: Moringa oleifera seed oil was extracted using four different types of enzymes to obtain the most efficient extraction parameters. The enzymes used were Neutrase 0.8L (neutral protease), Termamyl 120L, type L (α-amylase), Pectinex Ultra SP-L (pectinase) and Celluclast 1.5L FG (cellulase). These were used either separately or in combination. Individually, Neutrase was found to be the most effective, followed by Termamyl, Celluclast and Pectinex. A combination of the four enzymes was found to be more effective than used separately, with 74% oil recovery. Percent oil recovery for individual enzymes under optimal conditions and with pH adjusted to the individual enzyme's optimum pH were 71.9, 64.8, 62.6 and 56.5 for Neutrase, Termamyl, Celluclast and Pectinex, respectively. Neutrase, Pectinex and the combination of all the four enzymes at 2% (v/w) were found to perform best at 45C, while Termamyl and Celluclast were best at 60C. The physical and chemical properties of the extracted oils such as iodine value (IV) (66.0–67.2 g iodine/100 g oil), free fatty acid (FFA) content (1.13–1.25 as % oleic acid), complete melting points (MPs) (18.6–19.1C) and viscosities (83.1–85.0 cP) except the color were not significantly affected (P > 0.05) by the type of enzyme used in the pretreatment of the seed. However, apart from IV and MP, the values for other properties were significantly different (P < 0.05) from those obtained for solvent-extracted samples.
Journal of Food Lipids 05/2006; 13(2):113 - 130. · 1.27 Impact Factor
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D. Attwood,
P. Bell,
S. Bull,
T. McMahon,
J. Wilson,
R. Fernow,
P. Gruber,
A. Jamdagni, K. Long,
E. McKigney, [......],
K. Nagamine,
S. Nakamura,
G.M. Marshall,
S. Benveniste,
D. Cline,
Y. Fukui,
K. Lee,
Y. Pischalnikov,
S. Holmes,
A. Bogacz
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This paper presents the measurement of the scattering of 172 MeV/c muons in assorted materials, including liquid hydrogen, motivated by the need to understand ionisation cooling for muon acceleration.Data are compared with predictions from the GEANT4 simulation code and this simulation is used to deconvolute detector effects. The scattering distributions obtained are compared with the Moliere theory of multiple scattering and, in the case of liquid hydrogen, with ELMS. With the exception of ELMS, none of the models are found to provide a good description of the data. The results suggest that ionisation cooling will work better than would be predicted by GEANT 4.7.0p01.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 01/2006;
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Stottler Henke is developing VERTICAL (VLA Experimental Resource for Testing Innovative Configurations And Lightings) for the US Navy; a test and design tool that can be used to support vertical takeoff and landing/rotorcraft ship VLA design and testing at the test team members' work area. This is being accomplished by utilizing MS Flight Simulator, FSUIPC and Java. Visual landing aids (VLAs) provide necessary support to the landing of aircraft on ships. For existing ship classes with fixed lighting systems, the ability to differentially adjust the intensity of drop lights, glide slope indicators, flood lights, and deck status lighting provides focus on different pilot cues during shipboard landing in a wide variety of meteorological conditions. Color is used to provide focus on different approach and landing cues in varying meteorological conditions. The drive is to allow for a wider envelope of operations for aircraft from ships. That is, it is desired to be able to safely operate VTOL aircraft in higher sea states and lower visibility conditions than is allowed today. In order to improve decision-making in this complex domain in an affordable manner, design and testing in simulated situations is critical. VERTICAL provides this solution by providing a test and design tool on a PC allowing one to fly shipboard approaches in specific aircraft, to the deck of a specific ship class, with a realistic view in day and night operations and under a variety of weather conditions, while providing an easy method of adjusting ship VLA components and environment lighting. VERTICAL combines an interactive graphical user interface with various aircraft and custom built ships which are controlled and rendered by Microsoft Flight Simulator 2004. By utilizing Microsoft's off-the-shelf simulator package, we are able to render extremely detailed three-dimensional graphics (with accurate physics) that simulates visual scene properties relevant for simulating low-altitude flight at l-
ow cost, and with significantly reduced development time compared to custom tools. Users are presented with a fully navigable, three-dimensional environment (the Visualization Environment) provided by MS Flight Simulator containing the ship being targeted for VLA design. The environment may include other aircraft flying or on the ship, essentially the environment is able to replicate whatever should be simulated to duplicate realistic conditions. The visualization module communicates with the core (integration module) via an external system interface (ESI) written in a product called FSUIPC. The lights on the ship can be controlled via the VLA modification GUI. The VLA Modification GUI, developed as a separate application developed in Java provides an intuitive interface for modifying the VLA components
Aerospace Conference, 2005 IEEE; 04/2005
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The effects of enzymatic transesterification on the melting behavior of palm stearin and palm olein, each blended separately
with flaxseed oil in the ratio of 90∶10 and catalyzed by various types of lipases, were studied. The commercial lipases used
were Lipozyme IM, Novozyme 435, and myceliumbound lipases of Aspergillus flavus and A. oryzae. The slip melting point (SMP) of the palm stearin/flaxseed oil (PS/FS) mixture transesterified with lipases decreased, with
the highest drop noted for the mixture transesterified with Lipozyme IM. However, when palm stearin was replaced with palm
olein, the SMP of the palm olein/flaxseed oil (PO/FS) mixture increased, with the commercial lipases causing an increase of
41 to 48% compared to the nontransesterified material. As expected, the solid fat content (SFC) of the transesterified PS/FS
was lower at all temperatures than that of the nontransesterified PS/FS sample. In contrast, all transesterified PO/FS increased
in SFC, particularly at 10°C. Results from DSc and HPLC analyses showed that the high-melting glycerides, especially the tripalmitin
of palm stearin, were hydrolyzed. Consequently, 1,3-dipalmitoylglycerol was found to accumulate in the mixture. There was
no difference in the FA compositions between the transesterified and nontransesterified mixtures.
Journal of Oil & Fat Industries 01/2003; 80(2):133-137. · 1.77 Impact Factor
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The effect of different fat sources used in the preparation of ice cream emulsions was investigated. Anhydrous milk fat (AMF), a mixture of unmodified palm kernel olein (PKO) and AMF (70:30, w/w) and enzyme-transesterified PKO:AMF (70:30, w/w) mixture were used in the preparation of the emulsions. Transesterification was catalyzed by mycelium-bound lipase from Rhizomucor miehei. Rheological and viscoelastic properties measured were the creep compliance, controlled-stress steady state flow and frequency sweep profiles. Results indicate that emulsion prepared using transesterified PKO:AMF (TE-PKO:AMF) exhibited a different rheological behavior from that of AMF alone, and the unmodified PKO:AMF (70:30) blend. Frequency sweep profiles showed that the G = values of both AMF and TE-PKO:AMF emulsions were higher than their G at values, indicating that these emulsions were dominated by the elastic
Journal of Food Lipids 05/2001; 8(2):131 - 146. · 1.27 Impact Factor
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09/2000
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Steroids 09/1994; 59(8):503-5. · 2.83 Impact Factor
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C. Albajar,
M. G. Albrow,
O. C. Allkofer,
A. Astbury,
B. Aubert,
T. Axon,
C. Bacci,
T. Bacon,
N. Bains,
J. R. Batley, [......],
S. J. Wimpenny,
X. Wu,
C. -E. Wulz,
T. Wyatt,
M. Yvert,
C. Zaccardelli,
I. Zacharov,
N. Zaganidis,
L. Zanello,
P. Zotto
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We present a study of heavy flavour (charm and beauty) production using data collected with the UA1 detector at the CERN Proton-Antiproton collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 630 GeV for an integrated luminosity of 556 nb–1. This follows our earlier study ofb
[`(b)]\bar b
andc
[`(c)]\bar c
production in dimuon events and the evidence for mixing betweenB
0 and
[`(B)]0\bar B^0
states. Properties of an inclusive sample of events containing a muon withp
T
>6 GeV/c are compared with QCD predictions for heavy flavour production, using the ISAJET Monte Carlo program. The predicted largep
T
muon yield from heavy flavour production and decay agrees with the data to within 30%. For events with a muon ofp
T
>10 GeV/c and at least one jet withE
T
>10 GeV, we measure the ratio charm/(charm+beauty) to be (2489)%. We also show that the correlations observed between the two heavy quark jets expected by flavour conservation are consistent with the mixture of lowest and higher order QCD processes. We study in detail the topological and kinematic properties of a subsample of events containing a highp
T
muon and one or more jets. The good agreement of the theoretical predictions with our data in a region dominated by the production of charm and beauty shows that one of the main background sources to a new heavy quark signature is well understood.
Zeitschrift für Physik C 11/1988; 37(4):489-503.
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C. Albajar,
M. G. Albrow,
O. C. Allkofer,
A. Astbury,
B. Aubert,
T. Axon,
C. Bacci,
T. Bacon,
N. Bains,
J. R. Batley, [......],
S. J. Wimpenny,
X. Wu,
C. -E. Wulz,
T. Wyatt,
M. Yvert,
C. Zaccardelli,
I. Zacharov,
N. Zaganidis,
L. Zanello,
P. Zotto
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We report on a search for new heavy quarks using data collected by the UA1 experiment during 1983, 1984 and 1985 at the CERN proton-antiproton collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 700 nb–1. Studying events with a muon or an isolated electron, accompanied by one or more jets, we find good agreement between our data and Monte Carlo predictions for the production of charm and beauty, without the need for a new quark. A top quark model, involving the decayW[`(b)]\bar b
and directt
[`(t)]\bar t
production via the strong interaction, is used to determine our detection efficiency for top. This allows us to place an upper limit on the cross section for producing top quarks as a function of the top quark mass. Our analysis is not sensitive to theW[`(b)]\bar b
process alone. By comparing our limit with a calculation of thet
[`(t)]\bar t
cross section, added to theW[`(b)]\bar b
cross section derived from our own measurements ofW mtop > 44GeV/c2 ( 95% c.l. ).m_{top} > 44GeV/c^2 \left( {95\% c.l.} \right).
Including an estimate of the next higher order (mtop > 56GeV/c2 ( 95% c.l. ).m_{top} > 56GeV/c^2 \left( {95\% c.l.} \right).
A search has also been made for a fourth generation, charge 1/3 quark (b'). Assuming that theb' mass is smaller than that of the top quark and that it can-not be produced inW decays, the mass limits, using the above procedures, are respectivelym
b'
>32 GeV/c2 andm
b'
>44 GeV/c2, both at 95% confidence level.
Zeitschrift für Physik C 11/1988; 37(4):505-525.
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C. Albajar,
M. G. Albrow,
O. C. Allkofer,
G. Arnison,
A. Astbury,
B. Aubert,
T. J. Axon,
C. Bacci,
T. Bacon,
N. Bains, [......],
S. J. Wimpenny,
X. Wu,
C. -E. Wulz,
T. Wyatt,
M. Yvert,
C. Zaccardelli,
I. Zacharov,
N. Zaganidis,
L. Zanello,
P. Zotto
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This is the first full solid angle analysis of large transverse energy events in
p[`(p)]p\bar p
collisions at the CERN collider. Events with transverse energies in excess of 200 GeV at
Ös = 630 GeV\sqrt s = 630 GeV
are studied for any non-standard physics and quantitatively compared with expectations from perturbative QCD Monte Carlo models. A corrected differential cross section is presented. A detailed examination is made of jet profiles, event jet multiplicities and the fraction of the transverse energy carried by the two jets with the highest transverse jet energies. There is good agreement with standard theory for events with transverse energies up to the largest observed values
( » Ö{s/2} )( \approx \sqrt {s/2} )
and the analysis shows no evidence for any non-QCD mechanism to account for the event characteristics.
Zeitschrift für Physik C 02/1987; 36(1):33-43.
